Physics concepts applied in sports

1. Presentation Transcript
Slide 1:
Welcome
Slide 2:
“ APPLICATION OF PHYSICS IN SPORTS ”
-Group members:- :
-Group members:- Shubham Mandwekar Vedang Bamnote Pranay Bhaphar Sanket Mathurkar Sagar Jhunjhunwala
Rushikesh TayadeRishit Sharma
Introduction :
Introduction Physics plays a dominant role in the way athletes perform and the way the sport is played. Almost in every sport
there is a great importance of physics.
Slide 5:
Physics has two main domains of study one is macroscopic and theother is microscopic. Classical physics deals with
macroscopic phenomena which may be at the laboratory, terrestrial and astronomical scales. Quantum physics deals with
microscopic phenomena at theminute scale of atoms, molecules and nuclei. Types of physics
BASIC TERMS IN PHYSICS :
BASIC TERMSIN PHYSICS Motion:The body said is in motion if its position changes with respect to time. Rest:A body
said to be in rest if its position does not changes with respect to time.
Slide 7:
Scalar Quantities: Thephysicalquantities which can only be calculated by their magnitudes are called the scalar quantities,
such as time, distance etc. Vector Quantities: The physicalquantities which can completely be described by their magnitude
and the direction are called the vector quantities, such as displacement, velocity, force etc.
Slide 8:
DISPLACEMENT : It is defined as the change in the position of the object in a fixed direction. It is given by the vector
drawn from initial position to the final position of theobject. MOMENTUM :Momentumis the product of the mass and
velocity of an object (p = mv). Distance: It is the length of theactual path travelled by the body between its initial and the
final positions.
Three laws of Newton :
Three laws of Newton
Newton’s First Law :
Newton’s First Law Objects at rest remain at rest until a force is applied to theobject. Objects in motion remains in motion
unless and until external force is acted on it.
Slide 11:
Example :- An object remains in the stateof rest unless and until a force is applied on it.
Newton’s SecondLaw :
Newton’s Second Law The rate of change of momentum of an object is proportionalto the applied unbalanced force in the
direction of theforce . F = m x a
Example :- :
Example :- During the game of table tennis if the ball hits a player it does not hurt him. But on other hand, when a fast
moving cricket ball hits a spectator ,it may hurt him.
Newton’s Third Law :
Newton’s Third Law For every action there is an equal and oppositereaction and they acts on different bodies. Action and
reaction forces are equal and opposite.
Example :- :
Example :- In the game of football sometimes while looking to kick it with a greater force, collide with a player of the
oppositeteam. But both feel hurt because each applies a force to the other.
PHYSICS IN SPORTS :
PHYSICS IN SPORTS
Basketball :
Basketball

2. Slide 18:
Spin on the Ball Spinning the ball when you shoot is not done to affect air resistance, or to make air resistance cause the ball's
path to curve, as is thecase in baseball. Basketballs move too slowly for that to happen. Once the basketball leaves the
shooter's hand, it travels in an unchanging parabolic path.
Bouncing the Ball :
Bouncing theBall The more air pressurebasketball has inside it, the less its surface will bend or deform during a bounce, and
the more its original energy will be stored in the compressed air inside.The floor in which theball is bounced also affect the
height of the ball.
Backspin Backspin on the ball is usedto helpit to bounce into the net when it hits the rim. It will usually hit
something, unless the throwwas very high. The backspin, aftercontact with the back rim or board, will result in a
change in velocity opposite to the spin direction, changing an equal-angle reboundinto a velocity more toward the net.
This makes it more likely that the ball will go in. :
Backspin Backspin on the ball is used to help it to bounce into the net when it hits therim. It will usually hit something,
unless the throw was very high. The backspin, after contact with the back rim or board, will result in a change in velocity
oppositeto thespin direction, changing an equal-angle rebound into a velocity more toward thenet. This makes it more likely
that the ball will go in.
Flight Path :
Flight Path
Soccer:
Soccer
Spinning a Ball While in the air:
Spinning a Ball While in the air In this view of a spinning soccer ball, thecloser the air is to thecenter of theball, the faster it
travels. The pressureon a ball can be reduced if the ball is rotating the same as theairflow.
Spinning a Ball While in the air:
Spinning a Ball While in the air When the pressureis low on one side of theball, the other side has high pressureand this
pressuredifference between thetwo sides of the balls cause the ball to swerve to one side.
Headers and use of vectors :
Headers and use of vectors When aiming a header, vectors must be taken into consideration. According to physics, “theangle
of incidence equals theangle of reflection.” Therefore, to aim the header, one must head the ball in the direction from which
it was served.
Headers and use of vectors :
Headers and use of vectors To obtain thefinal speed and direction of thesoccer ball, the following vectors must be
combined: themotion of the head, themotion of the ball, and the bounce –reflection- off of thehead.
New development :
New development A new soccer ball has come out with improved dynamics. Thetraditional ball encountered problems
because of its round shape and smooth surface. These qualities cause air to stick to the front of the ball and cause it to slow
down.
New development :
New development A new typeof ball has small dimples on the surface inspired by the golf ball that are made to redirect air to
the back of the ball increasing the speed about 20%. This results in less drag and straighter, smoother flights.
Slide 29:
Cricket
Heavy vs Light Bats :
Heavy vs Light Bats If a light bat was swung at the same speed as a heavy bat and both hit the same ball, the heavy bat would
pack more power since it has more energy and more momentum. But light bats can be swung 10% faster. If a bat is swung
10% faster, theball comes off the bat about 7.5% faster. That almost makes up for the fact that light bats are basically less
powerfulwhen swung at the same speed as heavy bats.
Heavy vs Light Bats :
Heavy vs Light Bats The end result is that heavy bats are more powerful than light bats. Having a heavy bat is a definite
advantage if you swing all bats at thesame medium speed, but if you need to move the bat quickly into position to strike the
ball, a light bat will get there faster.
Ball spin :

3. Ball spin A cricket ball, like anything else, has three main axes about which it can spin. Each spin axis has a different effect
on the flight of theball through theair and a different effect on the way the ball bounces. The three axes are perpendicular to
each other. Thefirst axis is vertical.
Ball spin :
Ball spin A ball that spins about the second axis does not swerve at all through theair. However it will kick sharply to the left
or right when it bounces, depending on theamount and direction of spin. The ball kicks in thesame direction of motion as the
top of the ball.
Catching the ball :
Catching the ball While catching a fast moving ball , cricketer gradually pulls his hands backwards with themoving ball. In
doing so the fielder increases the time during which thehigh velocity of the moving ball decreases to zero. Therefore, the
fielder can reduce the impact of fast moving ball.
Slide 35:
SWIMMING
Slide 36:
Physics is extremely significant in a swimmer’s efficiency and stroke. Water is more than 700 times denser and 55 times
more viscous than air. There are three main types of drag that act on a swimmer: friction, wave, and pressuredrag.
Slide 37:
Frictional drag is the result of the interaction between the swimmer’s body and thewater molecules and serves to slow down
the swimmer. However, this drag also propels theswimmer through the water (Newton’s 3rd law). As the speed of the
swimmer increases, pressuredrag becomes a factor. The faster theswimmer is moving, there is increased pressureon the
front region of the body (thehead) A third form of drag, wave drag, occurs when the swimmer or any object moves through
the surface of a liquid.
Slide 38:
The Relationship between Drag Forces and Velocity for the Four Competitive Swimming Strokes, Breaststroke, Backstroke,
Butterfly, Freestyleresearch was done to determine therelationship between the maximum velocity and the maximum power
and to find the active drag of each stroke.
Slide 39:
TABLE TENNIS
Slide 40:
Mostly theball spin due to these both following cases : Air speed:- This is simply thespeed at which an object moves
through the air. If theair itself is moving, then relative air speed is used. Relative air speed:- Relative air speed of an object is
always 200 km/hr if winds blows from front then 10km/hr is added with relative air speed . If blows from behind then it is
subtracted from relative air speed .
Is 38 mm ball fasterthan 40mm ball? :
Is 38 mm ball faster than 40mm ball? As the 38mm ball has a smaller radius, it also has a lower mass, and therefore a lower
Energy due to the equation E = ½mv2. This should therefore mean that theoverall velocity of the ball is lower. BUT, the
38mm ball is faster than the 40mm ball because the increase in theradius results in an increase in the wind resistance, thus
slowing down the40mm ball. When you deal with objects of low mass like a table tennis ball, air resistance is a major factor
in slowing it down
Slide 42:
Baseball
The sweet spot :
The sweet spot Batters know from experience that there is a sweet spot on thebat, about 17 cm from theend of thebarrel,
where the shock of the impact, felt by the hands, is reduced to such an extent that the batter is almost unaware of the
collision.
The sweet spot :
The sweet spot Thesweet spot of a bat exists because bat vibrations are not excited significantly at that spot. Thespot is close
to the centre of percussion (COP) for a freely supported bat, so it was thought at one time that the sweet spot might be
associated with theCOP. However, theCOP shifts a long way toward thehandle when a batter holds the handle, and plays
only a minor role in the feel of the bat for an impact at the sweet spot.
The Home Run Swing :
The Home Run Swing Ball arrives on 100 downward Batter swings up at 250 Ball takes off at 350 Theoptimum home run
angle! Golf Balls

4. Golf :
Golf
Golf Balls :
Golf Balls Golf balls were made with uniform irregularities in their surface, dimples. The purposeof dimples on a golf ball is
to help generate thepower necessary to lift a golf ball in to theair, and how far it travels.
Golf Swing :
Golf Swing There are two components to theweight transfer both during the backswing and downswing. In order to gain the
maximum torquefrom ones body during the golf swing, this totalweight transfer must be executed in a single fluid rotational
movement. This movement adds to the power and have accuracy of direction of the force imparted to the golf ball.
Conclusion :
Conclusion Physics play adominant role in sports and it is used in every sport. We cannot play any of the game without
using proper physics in .
REFERENCES :
REFERENCES www.physicsinsports.comwww.teach-nology.comwww.topendsports.com
www.sportsphysics.blogspot.comwww.newtonsapple.tv www.intute.ac.uk www.youtube.comwww.keepvid.com