Philosophy

2.  Are two other kinds of economic philosophies that some
nations practice
 Communism is a command economy where the
government owns and controls almost all businesses
 Socialism is a mixed economy where the government owns
some of the major businesses in the country
 And where people outside the government made some
economic decisions

3.  Born on May 5, 1818
 Jewish Philosopher, Political Economist, Historian, and
Sociologist,
 Converted as a Christian
 Is considered the farther of Socialism and Communism
 Wrote the Communist Manifesto
 Believed workers were being treated badly by Capitalist
 Believed the workers would rise up and overthrow the
rich

4. Three Parts of Marxism
•Philosophical Basis
Derives much from Hegel
Neatly inverts the key central idea of
Hegelian perspective
•Theories of Political Economy
Follow from the philosophical
position
Theory of Surplus Value
Labor theory of Value
•Theory of Revolution

5.  Workers were paid very little
 Workers worked 16 hrs a day on average
 In very dangerous and unclean conditions
 If a worker was injured on the job he was fired and
replaced
 Children as young as seven worked 16 hrs a day

6. Class Struggle
• Active expression
of class conflict
looked at from any
kind of socialist
perspective
• Main class struggle
Bourgeoisie
Proletariat
Class
• Refers to the
hierarchical distinctions
between individuals or
groups in societies or
cultures
• Social classes in
capitalist societies
 Bourgeoisie
Petite Bourgeoisie
 Proletariat
 Lumpen Proletariat
 Landlords
 Peasantry and Farmers
People in the lower
middle class, a group
traditionally
including small
business operators,
craftspeople, and
trades people

7. 2 Main Class Struggles
Bourgeoisie Proletariat
 Those who own
means of production
 Control the process of
production
 Buy labor power from
proletariat
 Their wealth depend
on the work of the
proletariat
 exploit proletariat
 Individuals who sell
their labor power
 Add value to the
products
 Do not own means of
production
 Labor power generates
surplus value greater
than the worker's
wages

8. Stages of Development
Primitive Communism
Slave Society
Feudalism
Capitalism
Socialism
Communism

9. Primitive Communism
• As seen in cooperative
tribal societies
everyone would share in
what was produced by
hunting and gathering
no private property
primitive society produced
no surplus
few things that existed for
any length of time were
held communally
there would have been no
state

10. Slave Society
• When the tribe becomes
a city-state. Aristocracy
is born
Systematic exploitation of labor
Compelled to work for another
held against their will from the
time of their capture, purchase,
or birth
deprived of the right to leave, to
refuse to work, or to receive
compensation in return for their
labor

11. Feudalism
• Aristocracy is the ruling
class
• Merchants develop into
capitalists
derived from the Latin word
feodum
composed of a set of reciprocal
legal and military obligations
among the warrior nobility
revolving around the three key
concepts
1. lord
2. Vassals
3. fiefs
In medieval Europe,
a powerful land- or
property-owner, with
authority over an
area, castle, or
community
Dependent
landholder in feudal
society
A piece of land
formerly granted by a
feudal lord to
somebody in return
for service

12. Capitalism
• Ruling class, who create
and employ the true
working class
Economic system in which the
private ownership of property
is protected by law
mode of production
characterized by
predominant private ownership of the
means of production
 distribution and
exchange in a mainly market economy

13. • Has been
dominant in the
Western world
since the end of
feudalism
• Provided the
main, but not
exclusive, means
of
industrialization
throughout
much of the
world
Capitalism
• Dictatorship of the
Proletariat
• Workers gain class
consciousness
• Share the belief
that capitalism
unfairly
concentrates power
• Achieved via class
struggle and a
proletarian
revolution which
represents the
transitional stage
between capitalism
and communism
• Classless and
stateless society
• Socioeconomic
structure and
political ideology
• Based on
common
ownership of the
means of
production and
property in
general
Socialism Communism

14.  There would be no private property
 All people would share wealth
 After a while the government would disappear
 Leaving a worker’s paradise

15.  People who believe in
socialism are called socialists
 Socialists believe
public(government)
ownership protects workers
from bad working conditions
and low pay
 They believe the government
should answer the three
basic questions of economics

16.  Socialists want to make sure no one becomes too rich
or too poor
 Socialists want to control key parts of the economy
such as Health Care, Banking, Railroads, Mines, Steel
Industry
 In socialist countries must services are free such as:
education, child care, medical, unemployment and
retirement benefits
 However taxes in these countries are extremely high in
some cases 60% of your income

17.  Under communism government owns
everything
 People are told where to work and pay is
set by the government
 People’s Republic of China is under
communism
 Government directs the economy
 Farmers may rent land from the
government for a price
 In 1989 a student up rising was crushed
by the communist in Tiananmen Square
During the spring of 1989 prodemocracy student activists staged a series of
demonstrations in Tiananmen Square in Beijing. As a symbol of their protest,
demonstrators erected a 10-m (33-ft) statue called Goddess of Democracy, modeled
after the Statue of Liberty in the United States. Hundreds of protestors died on June
3 and 4, 1989, when the Chinese government ordered the military to crack down on
the protest.

18. Analysis
Although Marxism is an alternative for capitalism
was a great idea, we still found this not good.
Our reason is that if the country which is not that
advanced would grasp this concept and apply this;
we would also have a hard time.
The equality in democracy that we have today
could be means of having the will to achieve
something.
If communism would be applied in the Philippines,
then, most of us would just be dependent since we
could still have something for our living due to the
equal distribution of resources.