The document discusses the various forces that influence school governance and finance in the United States. It outlines the key stakeholders in education, including political interest groups, businesses, teachers' organizations, and parents/students. It also describes the roles of federal, state, and local governments in establishing policies and providing funding for K-12 education. Specifically, it discusses how schools are governed at the state level by boards of education and departments of education, and at the local level by school districts, local boards, superintendents, and principals. The document also examines the sources of funding for public schools, including support from federal, state, and local governments as well as private organizations.

1. THE POLITICS OFAMERICAN EDUCATION Megin Holt Jon Rashid, Dan Young, Pat Murphy

2. What Forces Influence School Governance and Finance? Governance: The process of making financial and other decisions What do you think public schools should use more funds on, and why? Sex education? Violence in schools? Teen drug use? Making schools more energy efficient

4. Business and Industry

5. Professional Organizations and Teachers

7. Board of Education Strengthens state leadership and policy making Promote excellence in education to all students Advocates equality of access to educational opportunity Ensures continued citizen support for public education State Standards Boards Responsible for the governance and regulation of professional practice Department of Education Implements policies that effect education in each state State Government

8. Intermediate Educational Units Designed to provide services that individual districts that might not be able to afford it on their own Promotes inter-district collaboration Council of Chief State School Officers Comprised of state commissioners and superintendents Provides a forum for interstate discussion and information exchange on educational advances and issues Intermediate Education Agencies

9. Local Educational Agencies School districts Local Boards of Education Group of people elected by people to make decisions for the school district Must stay within State DOE standards Superintendent Works closely with BOE Serves as the face of the school district Local Government

12. Performance pay – bonuses or raises based on student achievement

13. Governance and Administrationof Schools Administration Management of school affairs, puts into place the policies set by state legislation and state and local boards of education Principals Responsible for management at the school level Set school direction, build staff morale, leadership School-Based Management (SBM) Governance process where the people affected by decisions are involved in making them School Advisory Council (SAC) Membership of school and community stakeholders who make decisions and recommendations regarding school operations

16. Flat grants – equal funding based on the districts average daily attendance