contains info of piping and piping materials

1. PIPING & PIPING
MATAERIALS
UNDER GUIDENCE OF
PROF .S.P.MANKANI
BY:
KOTAMKAR SAMIKSHA
PAWAR AKANSHA

2. PREFACE
 INTRODUCTION
 CLASSIFICATION OF PIPES
 PIPING MATERIAL
 FACTORS AFFECTING SELECTION OF PIPING MATERIALS
 FLANGES
 BOLTS & GASKETS
 VALVES
 INSULATION

3. PIPING
The term Piping means not only pipe but includes components like fittings,
flanges, valves, bolts, gaskets, bellows etc.

4. What is Piping &Piping design?
– It is a Tubular item made of metal, plastic, glass etc. meant for
conveying Liquid, Gas or any thing that flows.
– It is a very important component for any industrial plant. And it’s
engineering plays a major part in overall engineering of a Plant.
– It is a system used for moving fluids from one location to
another.
– Piping design is required for doing transportation of fluid in an
efficient manner.

5. CLASSIFICATION OF PIPES
PIPE
MATERIAL
METHOD OF
MANUFACTURING
APPLICATION

6. Engineering
materials
Metallic
Ferrous Non ferrous
Non
metallic
organic In organic
Composite
As per Materials

7. Ferrous Carbon steel
Low alloy steel
Stainless steel
Nonferrous
Nickel
Monel
Brasses

8. Organic
Plastic
Thermo setting
Thermo plastic
Inorganic
Ceramic
Glass
Graphite

9. As per method of Manufacturing
Methodofmanufacturing
Seamless
Wield
Electric resistance wielding (ERW)
Electric fusion wielding
(EFW)
Electric fusion wielding(EFW)

10. Seamless
 This process is used to make smaller sizes of seamless
pipe, typically 1 to 6 inches (25 to 150 mm) diameter.
 The ingot of steel is heated to 2,370 °F (1,300 °C) and
pierced.
 A mandrel is inserted into the tube and the assembly is
passed through a rolling (mandrel) mill.
 the mandrel mill reduces wall thickness continuously with a
series of pairs of curved rollers set at 90° angles to each
other.
 After reheating, the pipe is passed through a multi -stand
stretch-reducing mill to reduce the diameter to the finished
diameter.
 The pipe is then cut to length before heat treatment, final
straightening, inspection, and hydrostatic testing.

11. ERW (Electric resistance
wielding)
– Electric resistance welded (ERW) pipe is manufactured by cold-forming a sheet of
steel into a cylindrical shape. Current is then passed between the two edges of the
steel to heat the steel to a point at which the edges are forced together to form a
bond without the use of welding filler material. Initially this manufacturing process
used low frequency A.C. current to heat the edges. This low frequency process was
used from the 1920s until 1970. In 1970, the low frequency process was superseded
by a high frequency ERW process which produced a higher quality weld.
– Over time, the welds of low frequency ERW pipe was found to be susceptible to
selective seam corrosion, hook cracks, and inadequate bonding of the seams, so low
frequency ERW is no longer used to manufacture pipe. The high frequency process
is still being used to manufacture pipe for use in new pipeline construction.

12. EFW (Electric fusion wielding)
– EFW-Electric Fusion Welded is of again two types :
i. Longitudinal SAW Pipe
ii. Spiral SAW Pipe
– Working is same of ERW.

13. Based on
application
Pressure
pipe
Line pipe
Structural
pipe
As per Application

14. Pressure pipe
Pressure
pipe
Mettalic
Concrete
pressure pipe
Bar wrapped
pipe C303
Pressure pipe are used where a large amount of pressure is
there like water , sewage etc.
 Metallic pipe are usually of 3 types :
• Cast iron pipe
• Ductile iron pipe
• Steel pipe
• Refrence : https://www.puretechltd.com/types-of-pipe

15. Line pipe
– A Line Pipe is a high strength carbon steel pipe used for transporting crude oil,
petroleum products, natural gas and water. It is a pipeline which carries only
one type of fuel. These pipes are made as per metallurgical specifications
developed by API (American Petroleum Institute). Line pipes are manufactured
in a wide range of pipeline diameter size ranging from 2 inches to 48 inches.

16. Structural pipe
– Structural steel is a category of steel used as a construction material for making
structural steel shapes. A structural steel shape is a profile, formed with a
specific cross section and following certain standards for chemical
composition and mechanical properties.

17. Materials Used for Piping.
– The manufacturing of pipe uses many different materials including ceramics,
fiberglass, concrete, plastics and metals.
– Concrete and ceramic
– Plastic
– Metals
– special piping materials such as glass or lined pipe

18. Selection of Piping Materials
– Materials selection for achievement of metallurgical
stability shall be made on the basis of design condition
and to resist possible exposures against fire, corrosion,
operating condition, service etc.
– The following are the main points which every designer
consider while selecting a material for piping

19.  Resistance to stress
 Resistance to wear
 Design Life
 Resistance to corrosion
 Strength & pressure
 Ductility & formability stress
 Temperatur
 Fatigue etc..

20. In any plant various fluids flow through pipes
from one end to other.
We have to transfer the content of Tank no. 1 to
the other two tanks.
We will need to connect pipes to transfer the
fluids from Tank-1 to Tank-2 and Tank-3

21. We have just brought the pipes, now we
need to solve some more problems.
Pipes are all straight pieces.
We need some
branch
connections
We need some bend
connections
To solve these
problems we need the
pipe components,
which are called
PIPE FITTINGS

22. ,
There are various types of fittings for various
purposes, some common types are -
Elbows/Bends, Tees/Branches,
Reducers/Expanders, Couplings, Olets, etc.
Anyway, the pipes and
fittings are in place, but the
ends are yet to be joined with
the Tank nozzles.
We now have to complete the
end connections.
These, in piping term, we call
TERMINAL CONNECTIONS.

23. These are flanged joints
This is a welded joint
But if we want to control the flow from Tank-1 to
other tanks.
We need some arrangement to stop the
flow if needed
To control the flow in a pipe line we
need to fit a special component.
That is called - VALVE

24. FLANGES
– Flanges provide a bolted, separable joint in piping. The most of valves have
flanged ends and must have a companion or matching flange attached. A
gasket is then inserted between them, and the bolts are tightened to form a
flanged joint.
When to use Flanges?
– Where there is a clear need for removal of valves or equipment, for access
of maintenance, or for blinding.
– Because all flanged connections are potential leak source, their use should
be kept to the minimum needed for safe and reasonably convenient
operation and maintenance.

25. Types of flanges
Flange
Weld
neck
Socket
weld
Slip on
Lap joint

26. Weld Neck
– The welding neck flanges are attached by butt-welding to the pipes.

27. Socket weld
– The socket weld flanges are welded only on one side and are not recommended
for severe services. These are used for small-bore lines only.

28. Slip on
– The slips on flanges are attached by welding inside as well as outside.

29. The lap joint flanges are used with the stub ends when
piping is of a costly material.
Lap Joint

30. MATERIAL:
– Flanges are made of carbon steel forging having a highly refined grain
structure and generally excellent physical properties well in excess of
recognized minimum requirements. In addition to this, flanges in 300
pound and higher pressure classes can be made of Chrome-Molybdenum
Forged steel (ASTM A182 GRADE F5A).

32. BOLTS & GASKETS
– Choice of bolting material is governed by service fluid and its temperature.
– The most commonly used bolts for flanges in refinery piping are the ASTM A193
Gr.B7 Stud bolts which fall into the high strength group. The temperature range
is from –29°C to 454°C.
– A gasket is a thin circular disc, made up of soft compressive material. The most
of valves have flanged ends and must have a companion or matching flange
attached. A gasket is then inserted between them, and the bolts are tightened
to form a flanged joint.

33. There are many types of valves, categorized
based on their construction and functionality,
Those are - Gate, Globe, Check, etc.
Other than valves another important
line component of pipe line is a filter,
which cleans out derbies from the
flowing fluid. This is called a
STRAINER

34. VALVES
– Valves stop or open and regulate flow. Some of the basic valve types are gate, globe,
check, Ball, Plug, etc.
– GATE VALVE: It is usually manually operated and is designed for open or shut
operation. Flow can enter either end of the gate body.
– GLOBE VALVE: is for throttling. Good examples of globe valves are the faucets on
washbasin which throttle or adjust the flow to suit a person’s needs. Flow must
enter the valve and flow up, against the seat, and change the direction again to the
outlet.
– CHECK VALVE: “checks” flow. It lets flow go one way and will not let it reverse. When
you have a check valve in a line, you have made a one-way street. The flow can go
one way , it restricts the back flow of fluid.

35. Gate valve

36. Globe valve

37. Check valve

38. When some fluid is flowing in a pipe we may
also like know the parameters like, pressure,
temperature, flow rate etc. of the fluid.

39. Here are some of the pipe supporting arrangements.
There can be numerous variants. All depend on
piping designer’s preference and judgement.

42. INSULATION
Insulation of piping & fitting is required for the following purpose:
– Heat conservation.
– Process stabilization to assist process control.
– Steam tracing.
– Steam jacketing.
– Fire hazard protection to prevent fast boil- off of liquid.

43. Basic Requirement & Type of
Insulation :
 HOT INSULATION
– High quality & good appearance.
– Low chloride content.
– Chemically inert.
– Impervious to hot water & steam.
– Non corrosive to steel & aluminum.

44.  COLD INSULATION
– All materials used for insulation, fixing, sealing, etc. shall be used as under:
– Operating temp range Insulation material
– -195 to +85 deg.c PUF or Polystyrene
– -195 to +120 deg.c PUF
– -30 to +120 deg.c PUF or polystyrene
– Rest are same as for hot insulation.

45. Advantages
– Additional securty is ensured.
– Increase in efficiency.
– Life of equipment is increased .
– Working atmosphere is easily maintained at desired parameters.
– Quality work is achieved.

46. Limitations
– Piping materials ensure additional safety only upto certain limit.
– Cost is increased.
– Maintaenance is complicated.
– No. of parts become large.
– Skilled labour is required.
– Maintaenance in proper interval of time is essential.

47. THANK YOU