2. Introduction
Though pregnancy is joyous time in anticipation, 1 in 5
mothers experience abuse during pregnancy
Shows the harsh reality of domestic abuse
Multiple ways in which violence is actively occurring in
the world through physical, mental, emotional, sexual,
psychological, spiritual, verbal abuse and neglect.
violence has many faces
3. Domestic abuse has a pattern of abusive behavior in
any relationship that is used by one partner to gain
or maintain power and control over another intimate
partner.
It maybe any behavior that intimidate, manipulate,
humiliate, isolate, frighten, terrorize, coerce,
threaten, blame, hurt, injure or wound someone.
Contd…
4. Domestic Violence During
pregnancy
Young age
Poverty
Unmarried status
Alcohol & smoking by pregnant mothers
Unwanted pregnancy adverse outcomes
5. It maybe because of jealousy and anger towards the
unborn child.
Mother affected by physical and sexual harassment
maybe having depression, stress, anxiety, pregnancy
complications are infinitely more.
Increase drugs usage for premature labor or birth
experiences serious trauma physically and
emotionally.
6. Homicidal deaths- 17%
Accidental deaths- 11%
This affects the baby into low birth weight, preterm
births resulting in perinatal mortality
Much hope for the pregnant women in places of
domestic violence as long as everyone supports &
seeking out the success of the mother and the child.
8. Definition
Preconception care is the provision of biomedical,
behavior & social health intervention to women and
couple before conception occurs.
9. Benefits of preconception
care
Reduces unintended pregnancies
Prevents birth defects
Prevents low birth weight and prematurity
Prevents poor pregnancy outcomes and recurrence
Promote healthy behaviors and reduce risk taking
behaviors
Prepare and reinforces parents for parenting
Promote family planning
10. Aims of ANC
Improving their health status and changing behavior of
an individual and environment factor that contribute to
poor maternal and child health in both short and long
term.
Opportunities to prevent and control diseases that occurs
at multiple stages of life, strong public health programs
from infancy to childhood and adolescence to adulthood.
11. Contd…
It brings health benefit to adolescents, women and men,
irrespective of their plan to become parents.
To secure optimal health and nutrition in both parents, not
only improves the changes of conception but also
reduces the possibility of parental death and congenital
anomalies in the fetuses.
12. Contd…
To ensure that the woman and her partner are in optimal state
of physical and emotional health at the onset of pregnancy.
To promote the prenatal health which include developing
positive attitude of pregnancy, womanhood and childbearing.
To benefit woman being treated for a condition such as sickle
cell anemia, hypertension, cardiac diseases, diabetes, may
cause high risk pregnancy.
13. Purpose
Establish lifestyle behaviors to maintain optimum
health
Identify and treat risks (medical conditions,
substance abuse)
Conceive a pregnancy without necessary risk factors
Prepare people psychologically for pregnancy and
responsibilities to become parenthood
14. Why preconception care?
Preconception care has a positive effect on range of
health outcomes such as:
Reduce maternal and perinatal mortality
Prevent unintended pregnancies
Prevent complication during pregnancy and delivery
Prevent still birth, preterm birth and lowbirth weight
15. Contd…
Prevent birth defect
Prevent neonatal infection
Prevent underweight and growth restriction
Prevent vertical transmission of HIV/STIs
Lower the risk of childhood cancers
20. Definition
Antenatal care refers to care given to expected mother
from time of conception until the beginning of labor
OR
Planned examination and observation for the woman
from conception till the birth
21. Goals of Antenatal care
1. To reduce maternal mortality and morbidity rates
2. To improve the physical and mental health of women
and children
3. To prevent & identify maternal and fetal abnormality
that can affect pregnancy outcome
4. To decrease financial burden for care of mothers
26. Antenatal exercise
Benefits of exercise:
•Reduction in aches and pains
(eg. Backache and cramps)
•Improved posture and body
awareness
•Reduce constipation
•Reduction in minor alignment of
pregnancy
•Aids postnatal recovery
•Improve ability to cope with labour
and childbirth
•Energy level will be increased
•Helps to regain the shape more
quickly after delivery
28. Surrogate mother
A woman who carries the
fetus of the infertile couple
and then relinquishes the
child to couple for rearing.
This usually done for the
couple that has difficulty
with delivering a viable
fetus.
29. Pregnant teenager married
and unmarried
Adolescents are at increased
risk for preterm labor and
delivery compared to older
women. Babies born to
adolescent mother are more
likely to be low birth weight and
are at an inceased risk of
prenatal and infant mortality.
30. On the other hand an unmarried pregnant
adolescent may be driven away by her parents and
be left with no mean of support
Signs and symptoms:
• Missing a period
• Nausea and vomiting
• Breast changes (enlargement, tenderness)
• Frequency of micturition
• Fetal movements
Prevention:
• Abstinence ( not to engage in sexual activity)
• Protected sex (condom use, birth control, IUCD
etc.)
• Counseling of teens about outcomes and risk
factors of pregnancy
• Comprehensive sex education
31. Unmarried mother
Unmarried mothers are of concern
to people in many societies, partly
because their behavior threatens
the norms of bearing children and
also BECAUSE THEY POSE A
COMPLEX PROBLEM FOR THE
MEDICAL AND SOCIAL
SERVICES. Despite this concern
and fact that many agencies
provide both social and medical
care for their needs.
32. Domestic violence
Domestic violence is serious problem on
both victim and member of his/her family
especially on children.
Physical effect of violence during
pregnancy includes;
•Insufficient weight gain by the mother
•Vaginal/cervical/UTI
•Vaginal bleeding
•Abdominal tenderness
•Hemorrhage
•Miscarriage
•Low birth weight
•Rupture uterus
•Abruptio placentae
•Death
33. Violence against women during pregnancy have been linked with
poor physical and mental development of baby in-utero
Psychological violence during pregnancy by an intimate partner is
strongly associated with postpartum depression
Studies shows that 4.9% of depressive symptoms in women in
postpartum period is associated with husband’s alcoholism,
polygamy and previous depression.
34. Punishment against domestic
violence in India
Various guidelines / provisions being made for protection of
woman under different sections, such as:
Sec 304B of Indian Penal Code – Dowry death
Sec 313 – 316 of IPC – Female feticide
Sec 305 – 306 of IPC – Abetment of suicide
Sec 340, 349 of IPC – Wrongful confinement
Sec 498A of IPC – Domestic violence
35. Prevention
•Improve educational status of the
women and girls
•Increase the opportunities for the girls
or women
•Provide sex education at the early age
to the girls at school level
•Improving their self esteem and
negotiating skills
•Reducing gender inequality
•Aware the girls and women about
their rights and power
•Encourage women to fight against
violent activities
36. Maximizing the gains for
maternal & child health
A new WHO study report shows that
preconception care has a positive impact
on maternal and child health outcome. A
report provides a foundation for
implementing a package of promoting,
preventive and curative health
interventions shown to have been
effective in improving maternal and child
health.
