Electric heating involves converting electrical energy to heat energy. Common applications include space heating, cooking, water heating, and industrial processes. An electric heater contains a heating element that is an electrical resistor; passing a current through the resistor converts the electrical energy to heat through Joule heating. Heat is transferred through conduction, convection, and radiation.

2. Electric heating is a process in which electrical
energy is converted to heat energy. Common
applications include space heating, cooking, water
heating and industrial processes. An electric
heater is an electrical device that converts an
electric current into heat. The heating element
inside every electric heater is an electrical resistor,
and works on the principle of Joule heating:
an electric current passing through a resistor will
convert that electrical energy into heat energy.

3.  Conduction
 Convection
 Radiation

4. Electric resistance
heating is defined as
“the heat produced by passing
an electric current through a
material that preferably has
high resistance.” As the current
passes through the material,
ohmic losses (I2R losses) occur.
These losses cause the
conversion of electrical energy
into heat.

5. The furnace is primarily split into three
sections:
1. The shell, which consists of the sidewalls
and lower steel "bowl";
2. The hearth, which consists of the
refractory that lines the lower bowl;
3. The roof, which may be refractory-lined
or water-cooled, and can be shaped as a
section of a sphere, or as
a frustum(conical section). The roof also
supports the refractory delta in its centre,
through which one or
more graphite electrodes enter.

6. Radiofrequency and microw
ave are sometimes used as
alternatives to convective,
conductive or radiant heat
transfer for the processing of
"nonmetals" .
Industries making use of
these techniques include
textiles, paper, food, plastic
and chemicals. The
applications are many and
varied including drying,
baking, defrosting, welding
and polymerization.

7. Induction heating is the process
of heating an electrically conducting
object (usually a metal) by
electromagnetic induction, where
eddy currents (also called Foucault
currents) are generated within the
metal and resistance leads to
Joule heating of the metal.

8. Dielectric heating, also known
as electronic heating, radio
frequency heating, and high-
frequency heating, is the process in
which a radio frequency (RF)
alternating electric field, or radio
wave or microwave electromagnetic
radiation heats a dielectric material. At
higher frequencies, this heating is
caused by molecular dipole rotation
within the dielectric.

9. Heat treatment is the process of heating and
cooling metals to change their microstructure
and to bring out the physical and mechanical
characteristics that make metals more
desirable.
 Annealing
 Precipitation hardening
 Tempering
 Stress relieving
 Normalizing

12. •Power source
•Electrode
holder
•Cables
•Protective
components
•Fume
extraction
system

13. When a current passes through electric resistance, it produces heat. This
is same principle which is used in electric coil. The amount of heat
produced is depends on resistance of material, surface conditions,
current supplied, time duration of current supplied etc. This heat
generation takes place due to conversion of electric energy into thermal
energy. The heat generation formula is
H = I^2RT
Where
H = Heat generated in joule
I = Electric current in ampere
R = Electric resistance in Ohm
T = Time of current flow in second

15. The arc welding is a fusion welding
process in which the heat required
to fuse the metal is obtained from
an electric arc between the base
metal and an electrode.
The electric arc is produced when
two conductors are touches
together and then separated by a
small gap of 2 to 4 mm, such that
the current continues to flow,
through the air. The temperature
produced by the electric arc is
about 4000°C to 6000°C.

16. The process by which ionic substances are
decomposed into simpler substances when an
electric current is passed through them.

17. The extraction of copper from
other ores through electrolysis
involves the deposition of copper
on the cathode, and using lead-
coated anodes. The purification
of copper involves the use of
copper sulfate solution as the
electrolyte, high purity copper
strips as cathodes, and impure
copper anodes.

18. Electroplating is a process that uses electric current to reduce dissolved
metal ions by the use of electrolysis, to obtain the dissolved metal ions at
the other electrode, mostly in the form of a uniform coating.
It is the process of plating one metal onto another by hydrolysis, most
commonly for decorative purposes or to prevent corrosion of metals