1. Jeremy Lee
Shireen Kheradpey
Peter Ishiguro
Hsin-Chiao “Frank” Lin
AUTOMATED BLOOD SAMPLE
DEPLOYMENT AND RETRACTION FOR
ACOUSTIC RHEOMETER
Detailed Design Review
ME
BME & ME
ME
ME
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2. COAGULOPATHY
Blood unable to clot properly
Trauma
-Leading cause of death 4-44 yrs
-6M deaths per year
-40% victims are coagulopathic
-Excessive bleeding or clotting
Liver surgery, blood transfusions, etc.
Statistics from the International Trauma
Research Network

3. CURRENT SOLUTIONS
Mechanical Rheometers
-Contact contamination
-Large sample: 0.36mL
-Qualitative not quantitative
-Time consuming
-No characterization of healthy blood

4. Non-contact manipulation
-Squeezing
-Rotation
-Oscillation
Small (0.03mL) sample
Quantitative
-Whole healthy, liquid or solid
-Clotting or clotted
ACOUSTIC LEVITATION

5. PROPOSED SOLUTION
𝐅 ∝ 𝐕𝐝𝐫𝐨𝐩 𝛚𝛁𝐏𝐳(𝛒𝐜)
𝐅𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐯𝐢𝐭𝐲
𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜
= 𝟏

6. THE PROBLEM: MANUAL DEPLOYMENT
Design an automated device to deploy a sample if known volume into
an acoustic levitation field with minimal sample contact,
instrumentation contamination, or human handling.

7. CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS
GOAL:
Design and fabricate a device to dispense a liquid sample
accurately into the acoustic field to allow levitation
-Automate sample deployment
-Accommodate current modalities of blood samples
-Deploy 0.03mL target volume
-Minimally acoustically invasive

8. ENGINEERING SPECIFICATIONS
• Dispense a target volume of roughly 0.03 mL
• Record range of successfully levitated drop volumes
• Range of entry exit speeds 0.46 in/sec - 2.29 in/sec
• Record range of successfully levitated drop volumes
• Levitate samples with 100% success rate (5x consecutively)
• Place 0.03 mL sample at pressure minimum of acoustic waves
(approximately 6.02” from base of levitator)
• Allowable position tolerance in the lateral direction of ± 1 mm

9. Automated Sample Deployment
Prototype
Deployment
System
Holds Syringe
Accepts Liquid
Releases Syringe
Deploys Liquid
Entry/Exit System
Moves into
Acoustic Field
Wait for Liquid
Deployment
Exit Acoustic Field
Retrieval System
Removes Sample
Safely
Adjusts Angle

10. Criteria Weight Factor Peristaltic Syringe Metering
Volume Control 3 0 2 1
Manufacturability 1 0 0 -1
Ease of Integration 3 0 2 0
Cost 1 0 0 -1
Reusability 2 0 0 0
TOTAL 0 12 1
PUGH CHART:
DEPLOYMENT PUMPS

11. PUGH CHART:
SYRINGE EXIT/ENTRY SYSTEM
Criteria
Weight
Factor
CAM
Linear Drive
(Lead Screw)
Pneumatics
Rack &
Pinion
Ease of Integration 2 0 0 -1 1
Cost 3 0 -2 -1 1
Repeatability/Accuracy 2 0 2 0 0
Controllability 2 0 1 -1 1
Speed 2 0 -2 0 0
TOTAL 0 -4 -7 7

12. Criteria Weight
Factor
Opposing
Needle
Vacuum Blower Sample
Catcher
Sample Versatility 3 0 1 2 2
Maintenance 2 0 0 0 -1
Ease of Integration 2 0 -1 0 0
Cost 1 0 -1 -1 1
Required Space 2 0 0 -1 0
TOTAL 0 0 3 5
PUGH CHART:
RETRACTION MECHANISM

13. Parameter Possible Solutions
Sample
Deployment
Peristaltic Pump Syringe Pump Metering Pump
Syringe Enter and
Exit
Pneumatics Linear Drive Rack & Pinion
Sample Retraction
Opposing Needle Blower Sample Catcher
SUMMARY: MORPHOLOGICAL CHART

14. PRELIMINARY DESIGN: Symmetric Needles

15. PRELIMINARY DESIGN: Pneumatics
Lead Screw Driven
Deployment
Pneumatic
Entry/Exit

16. FINAL DESIGN:
sAM
Deployment System
(Lead screw driven)
Entry/Exit System
(Rack & pinion driven)

17. DEPLOYMENT SYSTEM
Syringe
Syringe
Pusher
Stepper Motor
(1.8° steps)
Syringe
Mount
Motor
Mount
Mounting Plate
(Gear Rack on bottom)
Lead Screw
(Lead = 0.05”)
Lead Screw
Nut

18. DEPLOYMENT SYSTEM MECHANISM:

19. ENTRY/EXIT SYSTEM
Stepper Motor
(1.8° steps)
Angle Base
Mounting Plate
Grooves
Angle Bar
Hinge
Pinion
Angle Bar
Radial Ball
Bearing
Start Position
Marker

20. ENTRY/EXIT SYSTEM MECHANISM:

21. ENTRY/EXIT ANGLE
¼-20 Shoulder
Screw
Angle Base Slots
Angle
Bars
30°
25°

22. COMPLETE SYSTEM MECHANISM:

23. SETUP
3.5 V Supply
12 V Supply
Arduino Microcontroller
Inputs:
-Entry / exit speed
- Travel distance to acoustic
field
-Volume to deploy
Start Button

24. SETUP

25. MOTORS

26. SAMPLE VOLUME TESTING:
Deployable Sample Volume vs. Driving Voltage (mV)
• Constant Exit Motor Speed = 20 RPM = 1.8 in/s
• Constant Angle = 30°
• Target volume 0.03 mL
Driving
Voltage
(mV)
Min
Volume
(mL)
Max
Volume
(mL)
400 6.57E-03 1.75E-02
450 5.47E-03 1.92E-02
500 5.47E-03 2.57E-02
550 4.93E-03 3.12E-02
600 4.93E-03 3.33E-02
650 4.38E-03 2.74E-02
700 4.93E-03 2.85E-02

27. SAMPLE VOLUME TESTING:
Deployable Sample Volume vs. Exit Motor Speed
• Constant Wave Amplitude: 600 mV
• Constant Angle = 30°
• Target volume 0.03mL
Exit Speed
(RPM)
Min
Volume
(mL)
Max
Volume
(mL)
5 5.47E-03 2.85E-02
10 4.93E-03 3.07E-02
15 5.47E-03 3.50E-02
20 4.93E-03 2.52E-02
25 5.47E-03 2.46E-02

28. SAMPLE VOLUME TESTING:
Deployable Sample Volume vs. Exit Motor Speed
• Constant Wave Amplitude: 600 mV
• Constant Angle = 25°
• Target Volume 0.03 mL
Exit Speed
(RPM)
Min Volume
(mL)
Max Volume
(mL)
5 5.47E-03 2.74E-02
10 4.93E-03 3.07E-02
15 6.02E-03 3.01E-02
20 4.93E-03 2.96E-02
25 4.93E-03 2.85E-02

29. COST ANALYSIS:
$433.08
$212.86
$40.26
Cost Breakdown
Deployment System
Entry/Exit System
Motor Control
• Total Material Costs:
$686.20
• $203 from the
Motorized Lead
Screw

30. MATERIAL COST ANALYSIS:
Material Cost per Unit Based on Number Produced

31. Costs were calculated using machining time, plus an additional hour for assembly, a rate of $16/hr for a machinist.
MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS:

32. For Batch Production:
• Over 20% reduction in
total cost per unit.
• Over in hour saved in
production time per
unit.
TOTAL PRODUCTION COST:

33. GANTT CHART
Last Day
to Machine
Prototype
Assembled
Finished
Machining
Started
Machining
First
Successful
Levitation
First Successful
Deployment

34. REDESIGN
Rotation point about needle tip
Angle adjustment without changing
tip position
Height Adjustment
Rather than moving base &
syringe
Integrate ¼-20 Holes
Mounting
Miniaturize
Fit into environmental port
Match Motors
Allow single power source,
decrease wire connections
Retraction System
Sample catcher
LabView
User Interface
Position Calibration
Homing limit switch

35. Sponsors
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Project Team
• Dr. Glynn Holt,
Associate Professor
of Mechanical
Engineering (Project
Lead)
• Jarrod Risley
• Vahideh Ansari
Hosseinzadeh
Senior Capstone Guidance
• Biomedical: Dr. Catherine
Klapperich, Dr. Michael
Smith, Dr. Thomas Szabo
• Mechanical: Dr. Enrique
Gutierrez

36. BACKUP SLIDES

38. DEPLOYMENT EXPLODED VIEW:
Guide Rails
Lead Screw Nut
Linear Bearings
Radial Ball
Bearings
Gear Rack
L-Bar

39. Motor Specs:
Holding Torque = 6.6*10-2 Nm
SF = 67.7
100 µL Syringe Requirements:
Vmax = 6.40*10-3 m/s
a = 2.80*10-3 m/s2
Time = 5 s
Torque = 9.75*10-4 Nm
No. Steps: 2740
DEPLOYMENT MOTOR REQUIREMENTS
Syringe Pusher Travel Distance = 1.74*10-2 m
1. Motor Turns Lead Screw
Motor
Lead Screw
2. Nut and syringe pusher
move horizontally together,
deploying sample
Nut
Syringe Pusher

40. Motor Specs:
Holding Torque = 6.6*10-2 Nm
SF = 7.22
500 µL Syringe Requirements:
Vmax = 6.40*10-3 m/s
a = 1.50*10-3 m/s2
Time = 5 s
Torque = 9.14*10-3 Nm
No. Steps: 654
DEPLOYMENT MOTOR REQUIREMENTS
Syringe Pusher Travel Distance = 4.15*10-3 m
1. Motor Turns Lead Screw
Motor
Lead Screw
2. Nut and syringe pusher
move horizontally together,
deploying sample
Nut
Syringe Pusher

41. ENTRY/EXIT EXPLODED VIEW
Mounting Plate
Groove
Stepper Motor
(1.8° steps)
¼-20 Shoulder Screw
Angle Bar
Pinion
Flexible Coupling
Angle Base
Hinge
Housing Bearing
Side
Housing Motor
Side
Radial Ball Bearing
Pinion
Shaft
¼-20 Nut

42. Mounting plate
fits into groove
Rack &
pinion mesh
Motor Rotates
Pinion
Deployment
System Moves
Forward
ENTRY/EXIT MOTOR REQUIREMENTS
Requirements:
Vmax = 6.98*10-2 m/s
a = 0.256 m/s2
Time = 1 s
Min Torque = 0.103 Nm
No. Steps: 55
Motor Specs:
Hold Torque = 2.54*10-1 Nm
SF = 2.47
Stepper
Motor
Travel Distance: 3.81E-02 m

43. Electronics to Power Motors
Deployment Stepper
V/phase=3.85 V
A/phase=0.51A
Power=1.96 W
Entry-Exit Stepper
V/phase=12V
A/phase=0.4A
Power=4.8 W

44. DEPLOYMENT MOTOR & LEAD SCREW SPECS

45. ENTRY/EXIT MOTOR & LEAD SCREW SPECS

46. Linear Torque
F = m*a + Ffriction
τlinear = F*lead/2πη
η = 0.49, lead = 0.05”/rev
Rotary Torque
τrotary = (Jscrew+Jmotor)*(a/lead)
Minimum Motor Torque
τmin= τlinear +τrotary
DEPLOYMENT MOTOR TORQUE CALCULATION
Parameter For 100 µL syringe For 500 µL syringe
Mass (m) 0.1 kg
Motor Inertia (Jmotor) 1.1*10-6 kgm2
Screw Inertia (Jscrew) 1.59*10-7 kgm2
Total Frictional Force (Ffriction) 2.357 N 22.157 N
Acceleration (a) 2.80*10-3 m/s2 1.50*10-3 m/s2
Applied Force (F) 2.358 N 22.158 N
Rotary Torque (τrotary) 2.79*10-6 Nm 1.45*10-6 Nm
Linear Torque (τlinear) 9.75*10-4 Nm 9.14*10-3 Nm
Minimum Motor Torque (τmin) 9.75*10-4 Nm 9.14*10-3 Nm
F
FFriction,
rail
FFriction, plunger
a

47. 30°
Linear Torque
F = m*a + FFriction+ m*g*sinθ
Ffriction= µPE on PEmg where µPE on PE= 0.2
τlinear = F*R where R = Pitch Radius
Rotary Torque
τrotary = (Jpinion+Jmotor+Jshaft)*(a/R)
Minimum Motor Torque
τmin= τlinear +τrotary
ENTRY/EXIT MOTOR TORQUE CALCULATION
F
Parameter For 25° Angle For 30° Angle
Mass (m) 0.508 kg
Rotary Inertia (J) 1.6*10-5 kgm2
Total Frictional Force
(Ffriction)
1.54 N 0.997 N
Acceleration (a) 0.256 m/s2 0.256 m/s2
Applied Force (F) 4.23 N 4.61 N
Rotary Torque (τrotary) 1.84E-04 Nm 1.84E-04 Nm
Linear Torque (τlinear) 9.41E-02 Nm 0.103 Nm
Minimum Motor Torque (τmin) 9.41E-02 Nm 0.103 Nm
a
mgsinθ
θ

48. COST ANALYSIS:

49. Materials Cost Based on Batch Size

50. Single Prototype Fabrication Time
Part Operation Machine
Automated
Operation Time
(s)
Manual Operation Time
(s)
Setup Time (s)
Transportation
Time (s)
2 Angle Bars CNC 2,405.00 600.00 360.00 60.00
Pinion Housing (3 Plates) CNC; Drill Press; Tap 1,260.00 180.00 120.00 180.00
Syringe Mount - Syringe
Side
CNC 87.00 30.00 120.00 0.00
Syringe Mount Mill/Tap 0.00 180.00 60.00 30.00
Syringe Pusher CNC 90.00 30.00 120.00 0.00
Syringe Plate CNC 263.00 60.00 120.00 90.00
Motor Mount - Top CNC; Mill/Tap 819.00 300.00 240.00 300.00
Motor Mount - Side CNC 102.00 60.00 120.00 180.00
Motor Mount - Bottom CNC 428.00 60.00 120.00 180.00
Angle Base Chop Saw/Mill/Tap 0.00 600.00 90.00 120.00
Pinion Shaft Wet Wheel/Lathe 0.00 180.00 60.00 30.00
Rack Band Saw/Mill/Tap 0.00 300.00 60.00 60.00
L-Bracket CNC 40.00 0.00 60.00 0.00
Total (s) 5,494.00 2,580.00 1,650.00 1,230.00
Grand Total (s) 10,954.00
Grand Total (hr) 3.04
Labor Cost per Part ($) 48.68

51. Estimated Mass Machining Per Batch (5 Per Batch)
Part Operation Machine
Automated Operation
Time (s)
Manual Operation Time
(s)
Setup Time (s) Transportation Time (s)
2 Angle Bars CNC 12,025.00 0.00 360.00 120.00
Pinion Housing (3 Plates) CNC; Drill Press; Tap 6,300.00 180.00 120.00 120.00
Syringe Mount - Syringe Side CNC 450.00 0.00 120.00 0.00
Syringe Mount CNC 600.00 0.00 0.00 180.00
Syringe Pusher CNC 450.00 0.00 120.00 0.00
Syringe Plate CNC 1,500.00 0.00 120.00 0.00
Motor Mount - Top CNC; Mill/Tap 4,095.00 1500.00 240.00 300.00
Motor Mount - Side CNC 510.00 300.00 120.00 180.00
Motor Mount - Bottom CNC 2140.00 300.00 120.00 180.00
Angle Base Chop Saw/Mill/Tap 0.00 600.00 90.00 120.00
Pinion Shaft Wet Wheel/Lathe 600.00 0.00 60.00 30.00
Rack Band Saw/Mill/Tap 720.00 0.00 30.00 0.00
L-Bracket CNC 200.00 0.00 60.00 0.00
Total (s) 29,590.00 2,880.00 1,560.00 1,230.00
Grand Total per Batch (s) 35,260.00
Grand Total per Batch (hr) 9.79
Labor Cost per Batch ($) 156.71
Grand Total per Part (s) 7,052.00
Grand Total per Part (hr) 1.96
Labor Cost per Part ($) 31.34

52. CONVERSIONS:
Deployment Motor Step to Sample Volume
● 1 Step = 2.5E-04 in = 1.09E-05 mL
● 200 steps/rev
Entry/Exit
● 1 Step = 2.75E-02 in
● 1 Rev = 1.75π in = 5.49 in
RPM
Linear
Speed
(in/s)
Linear
Speed
(m/s)
5 0.46 1.16E-02
10 0.92 2.33E-02
15 1.37 3.49E-02
20 1.83 4.65E-02
25 2.29 5.82E-02
Entry/Exit Motor RPM to
Linear Speed