The presentation would help post graduate students, research scholars, academicians and NGOs involved in research to understand research methodology in a simple manner. To have a clear understanding of research methodology you can view the upcoming presentations which will be uploaded soon.

1. Dr. N.Sherrin Sophia, Head
PG & Research Department of Social Work
Shrimati Inidra Gandhi College
Tiruchirappalli-2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2. Part I
 Objectives
 Need for research
 Concept of Research
 Definition
 Characteristics of research
 Research methodology
 Questions ???
Part II
 Research Process
 Steps Involved In Research Process
 Research Problem
 Review Of Literature
 Formulating Hypothesis
 Research design
 Data Collection,
 Data Analysis,
 Interpretation
 Solution And Conclusion
 Questions ???
Content

3. Part - I

4.  Objectives
 Need for research
 Concept of Research
 Definition
 Characteristics of research
 Research methodology
 Questions ???
Content

5.  To understand the need of research
 To know the concept and definition of research
 To understand the characteristics of research
 To know the concept of research methodology
Objectives

6. • Research is an essential and powerful tool in leading
man towards progress.
• Every area of life requires research whether it is
academic, health, management, entertainment, fine arts,
science etc.,
• The goal of all research is progress and development
for good and comfortable life
• A systematic research would save time, money, men
materials and energy.
Need for research

7. • It is a formal, systematic, intensive process of
carrying on the scientific method of analysis.
• It involves a more systematic structure,
investigating, usually resulting in some sort
of formal record of procedures and results or
conclusions.
Concept of Research

8. Research is an honest, exhaustive intelligent searching
for facts and their meanings or implications with
reference to a given problem. (Cook)
Definition

9.  It is a direct method to the solution of a problem
 Finds out the relationship between two or more
variables or variabilities
 Gathers new knowledge and sometimes replaces the
old knowledge
 Carefully designed procedure
Contd…
Characteristics of research

10.  Predict future occurrences
 Its is a systematic, expert, exact and accurate
investigation
 Logical and objective
 Involves formation of hypotheses
 Conclusions and generalizations are carefully recorded
and reported
 Based on Imagination and insight Contd…

11.  Search of knowledge
 It endeavours to data in quantitative terms
 Helps in decision making and action
 It improves the level of living in a society

12. R - rational ways of thinking
E - expert and exhaustive treatment
S - search for solutions
E - exactness
A - analytical analysis of adequate data
R - relationships between facts and theories
C - a) constructive attitude
b) critical observation
c) condensed and compactly stated generalization
d) cautious and careful recording
H - honesty and hard work

13.  It is way to solve the research problem systematically.
 It is a science of studying how research is done scientifically.
 Why a research study has been undertaken
 How the research hypothesis has been formulated
 What data have been collected?
 What particular method has been adopted?
 Why particular technique of analyzing data has been used?
 A host of similar other questions are usually answered when we talk of research
methodology concerning a research problem or study.
Research Methodology

14. ???
 What is the need for research?
 Define research.
 What are the characteristics of research?
 What is research methodology?
Questions

15. PART II

16. Content
 Research Process
 Steps Involved In Research
Process
 Research Problem
 Review Of Literature
 Formulating Hypothesis
 Research design
 Data Collection,
 Data Analysis,
 Interpretation
 Solution And Conclusion

17.  To understand about research process
 To know the steps involved in research process
 To Know about research problem
 To know about the importance of review of literature
 To understand the need for and sources of formulating
hypothesis
 To know about the importance of research design
 To know about data collection, data analysis,
interpretation and solution and conclusion
Objectives

18. Research Process
 It is rigorous, impersonal mode of procedure dictated
by the demands of logic and objective procedure
 It is systematic
 Logical
 Empirical
 Replicable
 Involves various steps
 Research process is nothing but a scientific inquiry

19. Research process flow chart
Research problem
Data collection
Review of related Literature
Formulating hypothesis Research design
Interpretation
Solution and Conclusion
Data analysis
(Identification and statement of the problem)
(Review of concepts, theories,
and previous research findings)
Proceeds to… (Decides sampling design, tool
and procedure)
Facilitates
Enables (Testing Hypothesis (es), if necessary)
Helps
(Comparing with previous findings)
Suggests Generalizations
Needs
Leads to …

20. Research Problem
• An individual or a group of persons can be said to have
either a need felt problem or a problem which can be
techinically described as a research problem.
• If they (individuals or group) have one or more outcomes,
which are confronted with two or more courses of action
that have some but not equal efficiency for the desired
objective or objectives and are is doubt which cause of
action is best.

21. Review of related literature
 Includes facts
 Concepts
 Theories
 Previous research
Review of ….
 Academic Journals
 Conference proceedings
 Government reports
 Books
 Published or unpublished theses
Contd…

22. It helps to determine sample size
 Choosing tools
 Procedure for collecting data
 Selecting appropriate statistical tools
 Analyzing and interpreting results

23. Formulating Hypothesis
• It is tentative solution or assumption made in
order to draw out and test its logical or empirical
consequences.
• It directs researcher in collecting and data and
analyzing them
• Keeps researcher in the right track

24. Research design
The research purpose may be grouped into four categories
according to the nature of the problem.
 Exploration
 Description
 Diagnosis
 Experimentation
• It is an arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis
of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the
research purpose with economy in procedure.
• The effective research design depends mainly as the research
purpose.

25. Data collection
It is collecting data using reliable and valid tools or
instruments, selecting required size of the sample and
executing correct procedure.

26. Data analysis
The collected data are raw in nature, therefore they are
transformed into symbols that may be tabulated and counted
and it called coding operation.
Editing is the procedure that improves the quality of the data
for coding and then the classified data are put in the form of
tables which are called as tabulations.
Further analysis of work can be done by computation by
applying various well defined statistical formulae

27. Interpretation
• It is comparing of present investigation with
previous studies of findings done by some
researchers in earlier times.
•
• The interpretation of the results is the original work
of the present investigator and it helps to arrive at
generalization in turn provides solution to the
problem..

28. Solution and Conclusion
The important findings are then discussed, interpreted and
conclusions are drawn from the whole study.

29.  Describe the research process from the identification of the problem to
formulating hypothesis.
 Explain the research process.
 Explain the following terms:
 Interpretation
 Data collection
 Data analysis
Questions ???