5. Let’s
Began

7. Atmosphere (or air)
Plants
Land
Water Bodies
Animals

8.  Biodegradable Wastes.
Waste which can be decomposed by
by micro-organisms.
 Non-biodegradable Wastes.
Waste which can not be decomposed by
micro-organisms.

9. Self-contained unit of living
things, and their non-lining
things.
E.g.:- grasslands, forests,
deserts, mountains, lakes, river,
pond and sea.

10.  Abiotic components of an Ecosystem.
 Biotic components of an Ecosystem.
1. Producer organisms (Autotrophs).
2. Consumer organisms (Heterotrophs).
3. Decomposer organisms (Saprotrophs).

11.  Organisms which produce food are called producers.
 E.g.:- green plants.
 Producers are the organisms upon which other
organisms depend for food.

12.  Organisms which consumes food prepared by producers
or depend on other organisms are called consumers.
 All animals are consumers. E.g.:- man, goat, rabbit, fish,
lion, etc.
 Consumer organism are also called heterotrophs.
 Consumers can be divided into three groups:
1. Herbivores.
2. Carnivores.
3. Omnivores.

13.  Animals which eats only plants
are called herbivores.
 E.g. :- Cow, monkey, Turtle, etc.
 Herbivores are primary
consumers.

14.  Animals which eat only other animal are called carnivores.
 E.g.:- Lion, Tiger, lizard, Snake etc.
 Carnivores are of two types:
1. Small Carnivores.
2. Large Carnivores.
 The small carnivores which feed on herbivores (primary
consumers) are called secondary consumers.
 The large carnivores which feed on small carnivores are
called tertiary consumers.

15.  Animals which eat both, plants and animals, are called
omnivores animals.
 E.g.:- Human beings, Dog, Crow, etc.

16.  Micro-organisms which breaks down the complex
organic compounds present in dead organisms and
their products into simpler substances.

17.  The Decomposers help in decomposing the dead bodies
of plants and animals, and hence act as cleaning
agents of environment.
 Due to the presence of decomposers that the various
nutrient elements which were initially taken by plants
from the soil, air and water are returned to the soil, air
and water, after the death of plants and animals.

18.  The sequence of living organisms in a community in which
one organism consumes other organism to transfer food
energy, is called a food chain.
 All the food chain begin with a green plant.
 The food which we eat can be transferred from one
organisms to the other through food chain.

20. The network of a large number of
food chains existing in an ecosystem
is called a food web.

22.  The various steps in a food chain at which the transfer of
food takes place are called trophic levels.
Tertiary
consumers
Secondary
cPonrsimumareyrs
Consumers
Producers

23. Producers
(1st Trophic level)
Secondary Consumers
(3rd Trophic level)
Primary Consumers
(2nd Trophic level)
Tertiary Consumers
(4th Trophic level)

24.  There are two types of environmental
problems caused by our activities :
1.Depletion of ozone layer.
2.Disposal of domestic wastes.

25.  Ozone is a molecule made up of 3 atoms of oxygen
combined together.
 Ozone is a gas but it is poisonous in nature (if
inhaled).

26.  Ozone is formed high up in the atmosphere by the action of
ultraviolet radiation on oxygen gas.
O2
UV radiation O(oxygen atom) + O(oxygen atom)
O2 (oxygen molecule) +O(oxygen atom) O3 (ozone molecule)

27.  Ozone layer is important for the existence of life on
earth because it absorbs most of the harmful UV
radiations coming from the sun and prevents them
from reaching the earth.
 Ultraviolet rays can cause skin cancer
or cataract.
 The depletion of ozone layer is
due to the use of chemicals
called chlorofluorocarbons.

28.  The household waste are called garbage.
 E.g.:- left-over food, waste paper, unwanted plastics
objects, old wooden objects.
 Important modes of waste disposal are:
1. Recycling.
2. Preparation.
3. Incineration.
4. Landfill.
5. Sewage Treatment.

29.  Thank You