This document discusses polyculture of carp fish in Bangladesh. It describes that polyculture involves culturing multiple fish species together that have different feeding habits and ecological niches. Common carp species cultured together in Bangladesh include various types of indigenous carp like rohu, mrigal carp, and exotic carp like silver carp. Effective polyculture management requires selecting compatible species, maintaining suitable water quality parameters, providing adequate natural and supplemental food, monitoring fish health and growth, and preventing diseases. Polyculture aims to maximize fish production from a water body by fully utilizing available resources.

2. POLY-CULTURE OF
CARPS
IN
BANGLADESH
FISHERIES AND MARINE RESOURCE TECHNOLOGY DISCIPLINE

3. SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. Khandaker Anisul Huq
Professor,
FMRT Discipline,
KhulnaUniversity,
Khulna.
SUBMITTED BY:
Group-09
Shazid Hasan(160632)
Jannatul Ferdose(160642)
2nd year, 1st term.
FMRT Discipline, Khulna University.

4. POLY-CULTURE
 Polyculture is agriculture using multiple crops (plant /
animal) in the same space.
 Avoids large stands of single crops.
 Provides crops diversity.
 Polyculture includes multi-cropping, intercropping,
companion planting, beneficial weeds, and alley cropping.

5. DIFFERENT TYPES OF POLYCULTURE

6. FISH POLYCULTURE
 Fish polyculture is the system in which fast growing compatible species of
different feeding habit and possibly of different age of the same species, are
stocked together in the same water body (ponds, lakes etc) so that all its
ecological niches are occupied by fish.
 Utilization of three layers of aquaculture pond is assured.
 Example: polyculture of carp fish with pangash, carp with tilapia, shrimp with
tilapia, different types of carps etc.

7. PRINCIPLE OF POLYCULTURE
 Main target is to obtain high production from
a unit of water body .
 Fast growing compatible species of different
feeding habit are stocked in different
proportion in the same pond so that all its
ecological niches are occupied.
 The maximum utilization of all the
requirements of life takes place without doing
any harm to each other.

8. POLYCULTRURE OF CARP FISHES
 Polyculture of carp fishes means the culture of
diffrent carp species in a pond at the same time.
 In this case, several carp species of diffrent niches
are chosen.
 For example: Katla ,Bighead carp, Silvercarp as
upper layer carp; Rohu as middle layer carp;
Mrigel, Kalbasu, Black carp as bottom layer carp
and Grass carp, Java barb for all layer.
Figure: Polyculture of Carpn Fish

9. CARP
 Carp is a common name for various species of
freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae.
 Posses Weberian ossicles (an anatomical
structure that connects the swim bladder to
the auditory system).
 Have scales and teeth on the inferior
pharyngeal bones.
 Exclusively freshwater fish family.
 Sometimes can be found in brakish water area.
 Native to Europe and Asia.
 Carp fishes of Bangladesh are divided into two
groups –
і) Indigenous carp & іі) Exotic carps

10. COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME PICTURE
Reba carp Reba Crrihinnus reba
Bata Bata Labeo bata
Orange fin labeo Kalbaus Labeo calbasu
Kuria labeo Kuria Labeo gonius
LIST OF INDUGENOUS CARPS

11. COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME PICTURE
Rohu Rui Labeo rohita
Mrigal carp Mrigel Cirrhinus cirrhosus

12. LIST OF EXOTIC CARPS
COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME PICTURE
Common carp Common carp Cyprinus carpio
Grass carp Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon
idella
Silver carp Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys
molitrix

13. COMMON NAME LOCAL NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME PICTURE
Java barb Sorputi Barbonymus
gonionotus
Mirror carp Mirror carp Cyprinus carpio
carpio

14. CONCIDERATIONS FOR CHOSING
SPECIES FOR POLYCULTURE
 Fry of two or three species, one commercially important, are
available in the nature.
 Growth of a single species is not hampered by others.
 Food habit is different.
 Climate is suitable/Favorable.
 High demand in the local market.
 Market value should be considerable.

15. CULTIVABLE SPECIES
 Upper Layer Species: Catla catla (Indian carp), Labeo bata
(Bata), Hyphophthamichthys molitrix (Silver carp), etc.
 Middle Layer Species: Labeo rohita (Rohu).
 Bottom Layer Species: Cirrhinus Cirrhinnus (Mrigel carp),
Labeo calbasu (Kalbasu), etc.
 Other Species: Barbonymus gonionotus (Java barb),
Ctenopharyngodon idella (common carp), etc.

16. PRE-STOCKING MANAGEMENT
 Pre means before and stocking means storing. So literally pre-
stocking management means management before stocking
 Broadly it can be said that all the management of fish culture
before stocking of fry in order to prepare the water body and its
surrounding environment for living and growth of the fry by
increasing the natural food in the water body

17. STEPS OF PRE-STOCKING
MANAGEMENT
 Site selection: Selection of a suitable site for
constructing a new pond depending on some features.
 Pond construction: Construction of new suitable pond
for aquaculture.
 Pond preparation: Preparation of an old pond for
aquaculture. There are two types of pond preparation.
-Dry method,
-Wet method.

18. SITE SELECTION
ECOLOGICAL
FACTORS
 Water supply,
 Water quality,
 Climat,
 Hydrological
characteristics,
 Soil type,
 Land, etc.
BIOLOGICAL &
OPERATIONAL
FACTORS
 Species to be
cultured,
 Availability of fry/
fingerling,
 Type of project,
 System of culture,
etc.
ECONOMICAL &
SOCIAL FACTORS
 Electricity,
 All weather road
connection,
 Land value
 Availability of
supplementary food,
 Skilled and semi skilled
labourers,
 Near to market,
 Availability of equipmrnts,
etc..

19. POND COSTRUCTION
 Making new aquaculture pond.
 Must be free from flood are.
 Pond slop must be 1:2
 Embankment should be high enough
-to prevent flood water,
-to prevent over flow.
 Drainage system should be constructed.
 Depth of the pond should be around 1-1.5 meters.
 Dike has to be strong and at least 3 feed wide.

20. POND PREPARATION (DRY METHODS)
 Dike and canal reconstruction.
 Cleaning aquatic weeds and dike.
 De watering.
 Bottom mud excavation.
 Cultivation of nitrogen fixing plant.
 Tilling the bottom.
 Fertilizing
 Watering

22. POND PREPARATION (WET METHOD)
 Control of excess aquatic weed.
 Control of predator fish and
undesirable species.
 Liming.
 Fertilizing.

23. LIMING
 Liming is an important step in pond preparation, both dry and
wet method.
 It helps in maintaining pH at a level suitable for culture.
 It removes turbidity of water.
 It increases the efficiency of fertilizer.
 It creates necessary environment for the growth of plankton.
 It supplies calcium.
 It increases the supply of carbon di oxide for photosynthesis.
 It makes the decomposition of organic matters fast so nutrient
supply increases in water.
 It destroys the parasites, diseases, pests and bacteria

24. DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIME

25. DOSES OF LIME

26. PROCESS OF USE LIME
 During mixing lime with water and application in
pond, entire face should be covered with a piece of
cloth (gamchha).
 In no condition, lime should be mixed with water in
a plastic bucket.
 Before pouring water in the bucket containing lime,
its top should be covered with jute made bag
(chot/bosta).
 Lime should be added after putting water in the
bucket.
 Lime should be applied in the direction of air flow.
 If the eyes get in touch of lime, eyes should be
repeatedly washed with clean water

27. PROCESS OF USE LIME

28. NATURAL FOOD
 It can be determined in two technique.
 One technique includes a transparent
glass filled with the pond water.
when the glass is kept against light , if
phytoplankton and zooplankton are
visual then the pond water contain
enough natural food.
 Another technique includes a secchi
disk .
Here the secchi depth is considered to
determine the amount of natural food.

29. FERTILIZING
 If there is not enough natural food present in the pond then
fertilizers should be used to increase the amount of that.
 A pond should be fertilized daily or weekly at following rate,
NAME OF FERTILIZER AREA OF THE
POND
QUANTITY
DAILY WEEKLY
ORGANIC
FERTILIZER
Cow dung 1 decimal 150-200 g 1-1.5 kg
Chicken
faeces
1 decimal 75-100 g 500-700g
Compost 1 decimal 300-400 g 2-3 kg
CHEMICAL
FERTILIZER
Uria 1 decimal 5-10 g 35-70 g
TSP 1 decimal 2.5-5 g 18-36 g

30. STOCKING RATE
 Healthy and descries free fry must be stocked at a certain rate to
gain a good harvest.
 In total the stock rate must be between 60-80/decimal.
 Surface feeder 40% (Catla 10%, Silver carp 30%, or vice versa)
 Column feeder (rohu) 20%
 Bottom feeder 30% (Mrigal and common carp)
 Macro vegetation feeder (Grass carp) 10%

31. STOCKING RATE
 Bighead carp can be used as alternate to catla.
 For poly culture various type of fishes are stocked for using
different feeding level. In this case. 5-8 cm. of fishes is stocked at
a rate of 50-75 pieces decimal.

32. STOCKING DENSITY
NAME OF SPECIES STOCKING RATE (per decimal)
Silver carp 7-12
Catla 3-4
Rohu 5-8
Mrigel 6-10
Common carp 1-2
Grass carp 2-4
Java barb 10-15

33. FRY COLLECTION & PACKING
 Healthy and descries free fry should be collected
from nearer hatchery.
 To ensure the quality of fry the quality of the
brood fish, used in spawning should be checked.
 Fry should be collected in a plastic bag pumped
with oxygen.
 If fingerling is transported then plastic container
should be used, which is continuously aerated.
 Nowadays, small fishes have become popular for
it’s almost 0% mortality. That can be transported
more roughly than the fry and fingerlings.

34. PACKING OF FRY
(1)
(2) (3)
(4)

35. TRANSPORTATION OF FRY
 Transporting and releasing the fry carefully is very important.
 Temperature variation must be avoided during the transportation period.
 Abundant supply of oxygen must be ensured during the transportation.
 pH, salinity and other chemical factors must be chacked before transporting.
 A optimum density must be followed during the transportation period to
reduce mortality.

36. TRANSPORTATION OF FRY

37. NURSING
 Nursing process is carried out in both hatchery and aquaculture
farm.
 It is generally carried out in a small pond or tank or in a small
hapa.
 Here small fry is transformed into fingerlings (4-7 inches).
 It helps to decrease the mortality rate.

38. WATER QUALITY & MANAGEMENT
 Water quality for aquaculture refers to the quality
of water that enables successful propagation of the
desired organisms.
 Required water quality is determined by the
specific organism to be cultured and has many
components that are interwoven.
 To determine the water quality of aquaculture
pond, some parameters are used.
 For example: pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO),
hardness, alkinity, BOD, COD, temperature,
turbidity, etc.

39. SUITABLE PARAMETERS FOR CARP
POLY-CULTURE
NAME OF PARAMETER STANDERDED VALUE
Temp. (°C) 23-30
pH 7-8
DO (mg/L) >4-5
Alkalinity (mg CaCO3/ L) 30-300
Hardness (mg/L) <0.5-1
Salinity (ppt) <0.2
CO2 (ppm) <0.05
NO2 (ppm) <10
NH3-N (ppm) 0.2

40. PRE-STOCKING WATER TOXICITY TEST
 This process is carryed out to determine the
prescence of toxic substance in the pond.
 In this process 5-10 fingerlings are kept in a
small hapa for 24 hours.
 If no mortality occer then it will be decleired as
a toxin free pond.
 Than the fingerlings should be relised into the
pond.

41. RELEASING OF FINGERLINGS
 Fingerlings should be adapted to condition of the
pond.
 At first the temperature of the carrying tank must be
equalized with the that of the pond.
 Then the pot or tank should be mixed with the pond
water just like the picture.
 A slow flow of water should be sent into the pot /
tank/ polybag with the help of hand. This will
promote the fry to come out of its container.
 Different technical devices, such as flexible tubes or
slides, should be used for releasing fish gently.

42. Food and feeding
 Fish needs adequent nutritius food for living.
 Besides natural food, supllementary food assuers
the fast body growth.
 25-30% protein is compolsery in fish feed.
 Food must provided 2 times a day at rate of 8-
10% of the weight of the fish.
 Food must be provided in some certain places of
the pond,
 The demand of food should check regulerly using
the food trey.
 Supplementary food can made at home and can
be bought from the market.

43. HOME MADE SUPPLEMENTARY FOOD
 Supplementary food with balanced nutrition can be prepared at
home with the following procedeur,
COMPONENTS QUANTITY
Rice bran 35%
Khoil 45%
Fish meal 5%
Fish concentret 10%
Flour 5%
Vitamin premix 0.1%
Total 100%

44. RATE OF FOOD APPLICATION
TYPES RATE MEALS PER
DAY
APPLICATION METHOD
Nurserry food: 10-15% of total
weight
3-4 times Food should be spread in
certain 4-5 places all
around the pond
Food for polyculture:
Pileta food 2-5% 0f total fish
weigth
1-2 times Food should be spread in
certain 4-5 places all
around the pond
Wet food 6-4% of total fish
weigth
1-2 times Food should be given
usingmetal trey or other
things in certain 4-5
places all around the
pond under 1-2 foot

45. REGULAR SAMPLING AND HEALTH &
GROWTH CHECK
 This procedure is carried out for
collecting information about the
growth and health of fishes.
 Generally mesh barrier is used for
sampling. But cast net and other
gears are also used.
 Helps farmers to identify disease
affected fish and to find solution for
it.
 Growth rate reveal the quality and
demand of food.

46. DISEASES
 As other animals fishes also suffer from different
types of diseases and infections and also affected
by parasites.
 Generally different types of parasites, bacteria,
virus causes the fish diseases.
 Sometimes lack of food, unsuited food, low
oxygen concentration, high temperature
variation, unhealthy environment also cause fish
disease.

47. DISEASES PREVENTION
 Diseases prevention is more preferable over treatment of
diseases.
 Standard water quality and environmental conditions
should kept.
 Pond should be free of aquatic weeds.
 Enough sun light penetration should be assured.
 Removal of undesirable species.
 Removal of extra mud from the pond bottom.
 Not to use the pond for any other purpose but fish
culture.

48. DISEASES AND REMADY OF CARP FISHES

49. DISEASE CAUSE SINGS REMADY
Ulcerative
syndrome
(ক্ষত র োগ)
Primarily attacked by
virus and then
attacked by algae and
bacteria.
• Primarily red laceration
appears.
• By the time the laceration
become deeper.
• Sometimes cotton fiber like
structure appear from the
wounding area.
• Fish moves abnomally and
unbalncedly.
• Lime and salt
should be
applied both at a
rate of
1kg/decimal
• For small fish
and egg bearing
fishes , their
food should
contain 60-
100mg /kg
Teramicine.
• Excessively
affected fish
should be buried
under soil.

50. DISEASE CAUSE SINGS REMADY
Fin Rot
( লেজ ও
পাখনা পচা
ল াগ )
This disease is
caused by
bacteria.
• At first some abnormal
stypes appear on the fin.
• Then it begins to decay.
• After the decay of fin is
done , it begins to decay
the fish muscle and the
coudal bone become
uncover.
• Primarily affected fish’s
affected fin is cutted
off partially. Then the
fis is treated with 2%
silver nitret or 2.5%
salt water for 2-3 min.
• For big fishes
Tetracycline injection is
injected at the rate of
10mg / kg body weight.
• The pond have to be
treated with lime and
salt both at the rate of
1kg/decimal.

51. DISEASE CAUSE SINGS REMADY
Dropsy
( লপট
ল াো
ল াগ )
When the fish is
affected by
aeromonas
bacteria.
• Scales become loose.
• Eyes become swollen.
• Greenish and light yellowish
liqued deposits in the Organs
inside the body cavity.
• Abdomen become excessivly
swollen.
• Affected fish should be
treated with Copper
sulphate solution (1:2000)
fore 1-2 min.
• Food containing 7-8 g/kg
Furazlidon or 100mg /kg
Oxyteytracycline should be
provided for 7 days

52. DISEASE CAUSE SINGS REMADY
White spot
( ু টকি
ল াগ )
Caused by
parasite
protozoans.
• Numeorus white spots
become visible on body,
fin, gill, etc.
• Overmuch mucus
secration.
• Respiration become
difficult.
• Fomalin should be applied at
the rate of 30mg/L.
• The affected fish should be
treated with 25mg/L & 0.1
mg/L malakite green for 2
houres once in a week.
• Lime should be applied to
the pond at the rate of
1kg/decimal.

53. DISEASE CAUSE SINGS REMADY
Argulosis
( উকুন)
Main cause of this
disease is a
flatened lifelike
parasite named
Argulus.
• Numerus small scathe on fish
skin become visible.
• Fish rub its body to hard
substrats.
• Liming at a rate of 1-2
kg/decimal.
• Application of 0.50mg/L
diptarex or 0.25mg/L
malathion.
• The affected fish should
be tereated with
500mg/L potassium
permanganate.
Solution for 30 min.

54. HARVEST
 Hervesting means collection of fish
for marketing purpose after they
occupy a desirable size.
 In our country pepole generally use
mesh barrier, cast net, scup net, etc.
 After hervesting fish are rady for
marketing.

56. MARKETING
 After hervesting fishes are taken to
the market for selling.
 If the nearest market is not so far
from the farm or pondthen the fishes
should be transported to the market
alive.
 Otherwise it shuld be transported
with ice for preservation.