This document discusses making data and software reusable according to FAIR principles. It provides examples of documenting cultural heritage projects in ways that could enable computer and human reuse of the data. These include publishing technical reports and data online with metadata, attributions and licenses. The document advocates planning for potential reuse when initially collecting and structuring data. This would help share data and knowledge with other researchers and systems in the future.

1. Sharing is Caring – Amsterdam Extension
22nd November 2019
Joseph Padfield
FAIR Data - Reusable
Open data – Expand the source

2. http://sharecare.nu
• Re-usable - F.A.I.R. Data Principles
• Traditional Re-use
• Closed project data
• Who or what should our data be FAIR for?
• Making data FAIR
• Who will re-use our data?
Summary

3. Reusable - F.A.I.R. Data Principles

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The Standardising Sharing: F.A.I.R. Data Principles
https://www.go-fair.org/fair-principles/
https://www.openaire.eu/images/Guides/FAIRdataprinciples_foster.png

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FAIR - Reusable
https://www.openaire.eu/images/Guides
/FAIRdataprinciples_foster.png
• TO BE RE-USABLE:
• R1. meta(data) have a plurality of accurate and relevant attributes.
• R1.1. (meta)data are released with a clear and accessible data
usage license.
• R1.2. (meta)data are associated with their provenance.
• R1.3. (meta)data meet domain-relevant community standards.
• DARIAH-EU – Heritage Data Reuse Charter
– Further Descriptions of: Reciprocity, Interoperability, Citability,
Openness, Stewardship, Trustworthiness
– https://www.dariah.eu/activities/open-science/data-re-use/

6. Traditional Re-use
Reusable data – but not FAIR

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Traditional Re-use
Publications, Exhibitions, Conservation Treatments, Further Research ….
But working with digital
data can provide more
options for access

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ARCHLAB: Physical Access to the Scientific Archive
Archives comprising thousands
of unpublished images, data,
samples and reports collected
over many decades of scientific
investigation and conservation
of a huge variety of cultural
heritage objects and sites
AND
The specialised knowledge at
the staff of the ARCHLAB
institution to guide the
researcher through the archive
ARCHLAB provides EU funded
opportunities to explore
scientific archives.
ARCHLAB (NG) - The Capodimonte
Transfiguration: a technical and historical study
of a masterpiece by Giovanni Bellini in context
Angela Cerasuolo , Alessandra Rullo, Museo e Real Bosco
di Capodimonte; Helen Glanville, LAMS – CNRS Sorbonne
Universités
2009 2015 2020 2022

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Collaborative Reuse – but not “FAIR”
Google Arts & Culture
Art UKIPERION-CH Grounds Research Resource
Raphael Research Resource
Externalpublic
aggregators
Digital
documentationand
researchplatform
Collaborativedata
visualisationand
researchtool
Currently require
manual or bulk
data entry

10. Closed project data
Potential “Reusable” data

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• Systematic technical analysis of 12
paintings by Sir Joshua Reynolds.
• 4 year collaboration between the
Wallace Collection and the National
Gallery, with funding from the Paul
Mellon Centre for British Art.
• All project documentation needed to
be accessible by both institutions, as
well as an international advisory
committee.
The Reynolds Research Project (2011)

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Example wiki pages

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National Gallery Technical Bulletin Volume 35
This special edition is dedicated to the paintings of Joshua
Reynolds in the National Gallery and the Wallace Collection.
(ISBN 9781857095562)
https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/research/research-
resources/technical-bulletin/technical-bulletin-volume-35
Open access publications: making the research accessible
Padfield, J. and A. Gent. 2014. Making complex documentation
simpler: Combining existing resources with MediaWiki to
provide a flexible documentation platform. In ICOM-CC 17th
Triennial Conference Preprints, Melbourne, 15–19 September
2014, ed. J. Bridgland, art. 0202, 7 pp. Paris:
International Council of Museums. (ISBN 978-92-9012-410-8)
https://www.icom-cc-publications-
online.org/PublicationDetail.aspx?cid=14ec56e2-54fa-4fd3-93a7-
e9bc3f2ada0b

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National Gallery Technical Bulletin Volume 35
This special edition is dedicated to the paintings of Joshua
Reynolds in the National Gallery and the Wallace Collection.
(ISBN 9781857095562)
https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/research/research-
resources/technical-bulletin/technical-bulletin-volume-35
Open access publications: making the research accessible
Padfield, J. and A. Gent. 2014. Making complex documentation
simpler: Combining existing resources with MediaWiki to
provide a flexible documentation platform. In ICOM-CC 17th
Triennial Conference Preprints, Melbourne, 15–19 September
2014, ed. J. Bridgland, art. 0202, 7 pp. Paris:
International Council of Museums. (ISBN 978-92-9012-410-8)
https://www.icom-cc-publications-
online.org/PublicationDetail.aspx?cid=14ec56e2-54fa-4fd3-93a7-
e9bc3f2ada0b
• The publications are Findable and the content is (open access) relatively
Reusable by humans, but the Accessibility and Interoperability could be
improved.
• The original resource data is currently closed and not FAIR.
• But it was created as a working conservation documentation
resource, for the project, not as a reusable dataset, so no re-use
licence was considered.
• Highlighting the importance of planning for the possibility of re-use.

15. Who or what should our data be FAIR for?

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• Different documentation is required for different types of user
• Good to consider the level of service that is required
– Providing downloadable files, searchable interactive solutions, machine
accessible APIs or all of the above.
FAIR Principles: Designed For Computer Access
Human
Users
Computer
Users

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Designed For Human Re-use
Raphael Research Resource: Web interface designed
for humans to explore and carry out new research.
https://cima.ng-London.org.uk/documentation

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Designed For Computer Re-use
Raphael Research Resource: SPARQL endpoint designed for other computers and software
systems to exploit to create new visualisation and research opportunities.
https://rdf.ng-London.org.uk/workshops/lcd

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Multiple standards based presentations of the same data
Raw JSON DataFormatted Website CIDOC CRM - RDF XML

20. Making data (& software) FAIR

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Local
Repository:
(Initial NG Draft Schema)
National Gallery
Middleware
Project

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Local
Repository:
(Initial NG Draft Schema)
National Gallery
Middleware
Project

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• Developing a repository: Heritage
Science Data Archive (2019-2022)
• Well funded by the Belgian
Science Policy (Belspo)
▪ Goal: to play a key role in
European Research Infrastructures
Digital Documentation: Complete Systems
http://hescida.kikirpa.be
(under construction)

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https://data.ng-london.org.uk/resource

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https://media.ng-london.org.uk

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• Could we provide direct access to appropriate digital resources?
• Can we publish inventories of Scientific archives so it is easier for future
ArchLab users (and others) to see what we have?
ARCHLAB: Digital Access to the Scientific Archive?

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• Could we provide direct access to appropriate digital resources?
• Can we publish inventories of Scientific archives so it is easier for future
ArchLab users (and others) to see what we have?
ARCHLAB: Digital Access to the Scientific Archive?

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https://rdf.ng-london.org.uk/modeling/
Ongoing work to explore new ways of presenting and
developing semantically modelled heritage science data.

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• Social Sciences & Humanities Open Cloud
– H2020 INFRAEOSC-04-2018 - Connecting ESFRI infrastructures through Cluster projects
– 19 Direct Partners, total budget of € 14.4 M
– The National Gallery, will explore … accessibility and interoperability issues, providing a practical examples of publishing fully
semantic, linkable, shareable, machine-readable FAIR dataset, with resolvable URIs.
Creating FAIR Datasets from existing resources
Formatted
Structured Data
Improved Search and
Functionality

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Making
Software
Re-usable
Publishing on GitHub
and licensing it for re-
use. Current and
future examples
https://github.com/libvips/nip2-extras
https://github.com/jpadfield/saoi
https://github.com/jpadfield/
cidoc-crm.examples

31. Who will reuse our data?

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CrossCult – H2020 EU Project – https://www.crosscult.eu
Data Re-use in practice: Empowering reuse of digital cultural
heritage in context-aware crosscuts of European history
Integrated Platform
with Dedicated
Mobile Apps – Built
using re-usable
modules
An example research project that
dynamically re-used National Gallery
data directly via a research API.

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Potential dynamic collaboration with existing shared Research Repositories
Raphael Research Resource http://boschproject.org
http://www.rembrandtdatabase.orghttp://www.lucascranach.org

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Possible to create and maintain dynamic connections with users
Google Arts & Culture
Art UK
Publish data via reliable,
well documented APIs
Ensure that data updates,
titles, attributions, dates, etc.
can be automatically re-used

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E-RIHS access provision platforms
ARCHLAB MOLABFIXLABDIGILAB
access heritage archives and
collections
data and tools for heritage
research
access LSF and advanced
laboratories
mobile instruments for in-situ
diagnostics
ARCHLAB, FIXLAB & MOLAB – Almost 20 years of development and growth
DIGILAB is the new platform planned for E-RIHS
The European Research Infrastructure for Heritage Science (E-RIHS) supports research on heritage
interpretation, preservation, documentation and management ... http://www.e-rihs.eu

36. http://sharecare.nu
E-RIHS
DIGILAB:
(Initial Draft Schema)
Connecting:
• People
• Collections
• Data
• Services
• Resources
• Best practice
• HowTos

37. FAIR - Reusable
• Consider potential Re-use early on
• Capture all of the required meta-data as work is carried out, not as a
separate activity
• Ensure all relevant work is fully attributed
• Document and format data for generic re-use, but also for target users
• Organize and structure data based on agreed standards
• Agree on licenses for potential data publication as it is created

38. Sharing is Caring X Amsterdam
22nd November 2019
Joseph Padfield
Thank you
@joepadfield