1. By Sk. Rizwana
18311A05B1

2.  Abstract
 Introduction
 Mobile Development
 Web, Native vs. Hybrid Mobile App
 Technology Challenges to Deliver Cross-platformApps
 The Proposed Solution
 User Interface (UI)
 Technologies
 Positives and Negatives
 Conclusion
 References

3.  Mobile applications have gained momentum in
many sectors in agriculture.
 But developing apps is still a challenge as it needs
platform fragmentation and also there are changes
in mobiles technology.
 It is hence a great benefit to identify common
frameworks and solutions that allow developers to
leverage single codebase and deploy it on multiple
platforms, both on different mobile devices and
mobile webs.

4.  The single code-base for an application is used to
produce any number of immutable releases that are
destined for different environments.

7.  It is a type of software that works on multiple
operating systems or devices , which are
referred as platforms.

8.  Technology challenges to deliver cross-platform
apps lie in essential difference between 2 types of
applications:
 Mobile web app
 Native app
 Mobile web apps reside on server without
installation on devices, and both debugging and
fixing are possible in real-time execution.
 These apps cannot access mobile device’s features
like camera and motion sensors.

9.  These are developed for specific type of mobile
device and could take advantage of device
functionality including file storage.
 The main drawback of native apps is that they must
be developed seperately in each platform which
increases developing time
 And once it is modified, developer needs to push all
users to update their app to receive services.

10.  Taking the advantages of 2, is native mobile app
embedding web content inside a thin container.
 Hybrid apps are installed through appstore, run on
the device and provide access to enhanced native
device hardware, but are written primarily using
HTML, CSS and JavaScript.

12.  Development of native apps for different os require
usage of different programming languages and
architectures
 Android apps are developed using Java in Eclipse
with Android Developer tools support
 Ios apps are developed in Xcode, using
Objective-c, swift and cocoa framework.

13.  To overcome this, we bring a solution that builds on
single codebase and deploy cross-platforms, both
mobile browsers and different os, without any
change in configuration.
 The core concept involves Adobe’s PhoneGap
framework, which enables wrapping up of HTML,
CSS and JavaScript code into different mobile
packages for cross-platform deployment.
 Instead of using a database management system,
the solution uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)
for data storage and transport.

14.  With the help of PhoneGap Build service,
development will only need to be focused on mobile
web with consideration of app compatibility, but
also the functionality is limited to the scope of
HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript for PhoneGap
supported file types.
 The development is based on jQuery Mobile (JQM)
framework, while other options include Bootstrap
and Sencha.

15.  The JQM framework provides many features such as
an Ajax navigation system that brings animated
page transitions and a core set of UI widgets. It also
offers several custom events that build upon native
events so that, for example, developers can have
the page load and display dynamic content from
JSON objects or database without breaking the
layout.
 Ajax allows users to display content selected from a
list of links, into the same page.

16.  For many apps, users only consume data stored in a
database that is not frequently updated. In this
case, the database (or data files) can be placed on
the client side.
 That is, from the perspective of the native app, the
app can always run in offline mode since no
information is required from the server.
 The benefits are obvious that the data traffic of
using the app is minimized and the system does not
require any server-side configuration to support the
app.

18.  JSON(Java Script Object Notation) has the
advantage in processing simplicity. It is essentially
serialized JavaScript object that makes it fit better
client side scripting, which is primarily done in
JavaScript.
 Given JSON as the storage format, the idea is to
construct object-based data representation and
store the data object in JSON files . Upon using the
data, the app loads the JSON files from the same
relative file path via Ajax.

20.  While applications are getting diverse and user
bases are expanding, there is no one clear platform
of choice.
 During this tug of war, application developers are
faced with the debate of whether they should be
designing cross-platform apps or multiple apps for
different platforms.
 Depending on the goals and features of your app,
you could either benefit or lose from cross-platform
mobile apps.

21.  Hammershøj, A., A. Sapuppo and R.Tadayoni, 2010.
Challenges for mobile application development, Proc.
of ICIN 2010, Costa Rica.
 Qiang, C. Z., S. C. Kuek, A. Dymond and S. Esselaar,
2012. MobileApplications for Agriculture and Rural
Development,Washington D.C.:World Bank.
 Tracy, K.W., 2012. Mobile application development
experiences on Apple’s iOS and Android OS, IEEE
Potentials, Jul-Aug, vol 31, issue 4, pp 30-34.
 USAID, 2011. Software platforms for mobile
applications for agriculture development.
 www.google.com