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Polyurethane and polyurea
1. Two component PU coating
system
The most frequently recommended
products for two-component coatings
applications are
polyisocyanates and polyols. In addition,
for some applications the polyol and
aromatic polyisocyanates may also be
appropriate.
2. Properties
The properties of a two-component polyurethane
coating depend on certain factors,
such as the degree of branching of the reaction
partners,
the content of the reactive groups themselves,
physical state of the raw materials
3. Properties (cont.)
A further possibility for modifying the film properties is to
use the same polyol and vary the quantity of the
polyisocyanate. By “undercrosslinking,” which means using
an NCO to OH ratio less than 1.0 / 1.0, the
polyurethane film generally becomes softer and perhaps
more flexible, less weather resistant, and less
resistant to solvent and chemicals.
4. Properties ( cont)
On the other hand, by
“overcrosslinking,” using an NCO to OH
ratio
greater than 1.0 / 1.0, the resultant films
tend to be harder and more chemical
resistant.
5. Curing of two component
the curing of two-component polyurethane
coating systems can be carried out at
room temperature.
The drying times can vary considerably
depending on the types of polyols and
polyisocyanates used.
6. Curing
aliphatic polyisocyanates have low
reactivity by nature and longer drying
times as compared to aromatic
polyisocyanates. The incorporation of
0.005% dibutyltin dilaurate, 0.2% zinc
octoate can shorter the drying time.
7. CURING POINT
The following points Should be noted
1. Both components must be mixed
together thoroughly.
2. The reaction which begins immediately
upon mixing results in a gradual to rapid
viscosity increase.
3. The increase in viscosity eventually
leads to a gelation of paint
8. Application of Two component PU
Coating
Application by air, airless, or
air-assisted airless spray.
electrostatic spray, brush and roller
coating.
9. Moisture- Curing one component
Pu coating
Adducts of polyisocyanate/polyol
combinations with an excess of
isocyanate groups (prepolymers) can
crosslink with atmospheric moisture to
give insoluble higher molecular weigh
polyurethane. This reaction describes the
curing principle for moisture-curing
polyurethane coatings.
10. Properties of one component
moisture cure pu coating
Curing or drying properties
The one-component coatings based on
aliphatic isocyanates
(HDI, IPDI) generally need longer drying
times than those based on aromatic
isocyanates (TDI, MDI). The drying times
depend not only on the temperature, but
also on the amount of
atmospheric moisture present.
11. Properties of one component
moisture cure Pu coating
With very low absolute moisture content,
the drying times may be increased.
The aliphatic polyisocyanate based
moisture-cured coatings often require
metal catalysts (such as dibutyltin
dilaurate) to provide reasonable cure
times.
12. Properties ( Cont.)
Weathering Properties
It depend on the type of isocyanate used.
Coatings based on TDI or MDI have a
tendency to yellow in the light and show a
relatively rapid loss of gloss on
weathering.
13. Properties ( Cont)
those based on HDI and IPDI, are light
stable. Depending
on the composition, these one-component
coatings may be equivalent in gloss
retention and chalk resistance to two-
component polyurethane,
polyurethane coatings have very good
mechanical properties.
14. Pigmented one component
Coating
Due to the sensitivity of one-component
coatings to moisture, a special technique
has to be followed .
The formulation is divided into four step
1. Weighing
2. Pre dispersing
3. Dispersing in the sand mill
4. Filling
15. Application
Moisture-curing coatings based on the De
polyisocyanates are normally applied by
brushing or
spraying. Dip coatings and curtain coating
cannot generally be used because of the
extended contact between the liquid
coating and atmospheric moisture.
16. Application (cont)
Unpigmented one-component coatings
are used primarily for wood substrates
such as parquet flooring and
other indoor wood flooring applications.
Another area of application is for the
sealing or coating of concrete
floors, and decorative seamless floors.
17. Application ( Cont)
Pigmented one-component coatings can
be used for anticorrosion coatings for
metal,
for the coating of concrete substrates,
and for various other decorative and
protective coatings.
18. Formulating Aids
1- Modifiers-
these are added to improve specific
application properties (leveling
agents or thickeners, for example),
Products such as a cellulose acetate
butyrate, low molecular weight acrylic
resins, and polyvinyl chloride/polyvinyl
acetate copolymers are suitable
modifiers.
19. 2- Solvent
aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene,
and xylene.
special care should be taken when
selecting the solvents.
Any solvent chosen must not contain
hydroxyl groups.
Solvents which contain reactive groups
such as amines should not be used since
they react with isocyanate groups.
20. Pigments
Inorganic Pigments
White: Titanium dioxide
Yellow: Iron oxide yellow, nickel and chrome
titanates, chrome and cadmium yellows
Brown: Iron oxide brown
Red: Iron oxide red, cadmium red
Black: Iron/manganese mixed metal oxide
black, iron oxide black, some carbon blacks
Blue: Mixed metal oxide blue
Green: Chrome oxide green
21. Organic Pigments
Blue: Phthalocyanine blue
Green: Phthalocyanine green
Red: Perylene and quinacridone red
Yellow: Monoazo, isoindoline,
monoarylide yellow
22. Leveling Agent
Cellulose acetate butyrate or low
molecular weight acrylic resins .
Polyvinyl acetate, copolymers of
PVC/PVAC, and some urea resins may
improve leveling properties .
Silicone and polymeric fluids and fluoro
chemical additives can improve flow by
lowering the surface tension of the coating
material
23. Thickening Agent
Suitable thickening agents are copolymers
of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate,
precipitated silicas,and bentonite clay.
If an increase in viscosity is desired,
copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinyl
acetate can be added to the
polyol solution in quantities of 5-10%
based on solid binder.
24. Thickening agent(Cont)
Bentonite clay thickeners are used in
additions of up to 1.5% on solid binder to
prevent the settling of pigments and
extenders. These agents are best
suspended with solvents into a gel before
use.
25. Air Release Agent
Air release agents are particularly useful
for the prevention of blistering during
application by brush or roller
coating. Modified polysiloxanes and other
types of polymeric additives are commonly
used as defoamers and air release
agents.
26. Catalysts
Catalysts are used in one- and two-
component polyurethane coatings to
shorten the curing time,
especially in those containing aliphatic
polyisocyanates.
Various metal compounds such as
dibutyl tin dilaurate and zinc octoate are
commonly used catalysts in both two-
component coatings and one component
27. Catalyst ( Cont)
Excessive catalyst levels can also have a
detrimental effect on film
appearance, property development, and
on exterior durability.
30. Polyurethanes
Conventional 2-part (thin film)
Waterborne formulations
Moisture cure polyurethane single
component
End product can be polyurethane or
polyurea chemistry
100% Solids/Elastomeric
31. Polyurethanes
Conventional 2-part (thin film)
Slower cure, longer pot life
Waterborne formulations
Use water dispersible polyisocyanates
Paint Specification
“Two-Component Weatherable Aliphatic
Polyurethane Topcoat, Performance-Based”
32. Polyurethane Paint
Weathering levels for color and gloss
Level 1 (<1000 hrs or <24 months)
Level 2 (<2000 hrs or < 48 months)
Level 3 (>2000 hrs or > 48 months)
Color: max 2.0 ∆E, Gloss: max loss 30
33. Polyurethanes
Typically aliphatic
Slower cure
Excellent color and gloss retention
Good chemical/solvent resistance
Good hardness/abrasion resistance
35. Polyurethanes
100% solids polyurethane properties:
Elongation/flexibility
Excellent chemical/solvent resistance
Moisture sensitive application
Can be applied in low temperatures (below
freezing)
Low VOC
36. Polyureas
Formed by the reaction between an
isocyanate component and an amine-
terminated (-NH2) resin blend
37. Polyureas
Isocyanate can be aromatic or aliphatic
Aromatic resins will yellow but not crack
Aliphatic resins have excellent
weatherability
Wide variety of formulations possible
through particular resin blend
Typically 100% solids
38. Polyureas
100% solids polyurea properties:
Elongation/flexibility
Excellent chemical/solvent resistance
Not sensitive to moisture during application
Can be applied in low temperatures (below
freezing)
Thermal shock resistance
Minimize down time
Low VOC
39. Polyureas
Polyaspartic ester based polyureas are
a newer technology
Resin blend based on aliphatic
polyaspartic ester
Can have much slower reaction time
Thinner film application
Typical use is analagous to conventional
polyurethanes
40. Polyurethane/Polyurea
Hybrids
Hybrid coatings are formed by the
reaction between an isocyanate
component and a resin blend
component
Resin blend may contain amine-terminated
and/or hydroxyl-terminated polymers
Wider range for reaction time and
performance properties
41. Polyureas
Fast cure
Moderate cure
Hybrid systems
Paint Specification
“Two-Component Aliphatic Polyurea
Topcoat Fast or Moderate Drying,
Performance Based”
42. Polyurea Paint
Type 1: Fast Drying (less than 30
minutes)
Type 2: Moderate Drying (30 minutes to
2 hours)
Weathering levels
43. Polyurea Paint
Weathering Levels
Accelerated weathering levels
1A – 500 hours, max 2.0 ∆E, 20% gloss loss
2A – 1000 hours, max 3.0 ∆E, 30% gloss loss
3A – 2000 hours, max 3.0 ∆E, 40% gloss loss
Outdoor weathering levels
1N – 12 months, max 2.0 ∆E, 35% gloss loss
2N – 24 months, max 3.0 ∆E, 50% gloss loss
45. Polyurethane vs Polyurea
Polyureas are faster cure, e.g. seconds
Polyureas not moisture sensitive
Polyurethanes cure slower but are
moisture sensitive
May have fewer adhesion problems
with polyurethanes
47. Surface Preparation
Concrete
Abrasive blast cleaning
Profile/roughening required
Specialized primer may be necessary
Check moisture content
48. Application Equipment
Thin film polyurethanes and polyureas
(polyaspartics)
Conventional or airless spray
100% solids polyurethanes and
polyureas
Plural component spray
49. Application Equipment
Plural component spray equipment
Heats and mixes resin (part A) and curing
agent (part B) components automatically in
correct proportions
Paint mixture travels directly to spray gun
for immediate application
Some coatings may be brush/roller
applied
50. Application Equipment
Plural component spray equipment
Storage to deliver unmixed material
Proportioning Device
Pressure Pump
Mixing Device
Static mixer or air impingement
Delivery system (spray gun)
Flushing system
51. Application Equipment
Plural component application
Equipment as recommended by coating
manufacturer
Requires trained/licensed applicators
Involve coating manufacturer technical
representative for projects
Single application (multiple passes)
61. Polyurethane Systems
Waterborne polyurethane chemical
resistance
MEK double rubs, 300+ cycles
Gasoline: no effect after 7 days
50% NaOH: no effect after 24 hours
10% HCl: no effect after 24 hours
Toluene: no effect after 4 hours
74. Summary of Key Points
Polyurethanes
Thin film conventional and waterborne
Single component moisture cure
100% solids thick film
Polyureas
100% solids thick film
No moisture sensitivity
Thin film polyaspartics
75. Summary of Key Points (cont.)
Blast cleaning generally required
Plural component application for 100%
solids polyurethane/polyurea
May allow for low temperature
applications
Minimize down time