Presentation skills

Presentation SkillsPresentation Skills
NamrataNamrata

These key skills areas are:-These key skills areas are:-
 Planning and creating the presentationPlanning and creating the presentation
 Using visual aids effectivelyUsing visual aids effectively
 Overcoming presentation nervesOvercoming presentation nerves
 Delivering the presentation confidentlyDelivering the presentation confidently
 Answering questions competentlyAnswering questions competently
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How to Create a PresentationHow to Create a Presentation
If your presentation has a clear, succinctIf your presentation has a clear, succinct
message:-message:-
 you’ll be able to remember it better,you’ll be able to remember it better,
 you’ll also be less nervous when youyou’ll also be less nervous when you
come to present it,come to present it,
 and your audience ( Students ) will beand your audience ( Students ) will be
able to understand it better.able to understand it better.

Establish the purpose of theEstablish the purpose of the
presentationpresentation
 You might be trying to teach a concept.You might be trying to teach a concept.
 You might be trying to persuade yourYou might be trying to persuade your
students about a certain way of thinking –students about a certain way of thinking –
or trying to use an application of a conceptor trying to use an application of a concept
that is taught…orthat is taught…or
 You might just be trying to inform themYou might just be trying to inform them
about something.about something.

Establish the key message ofEstablish the key message of
your presentationyour presentation
The key message should have a veryThe key message should have a very
strong benefit for the students to listen tostrong benefit for the students to listen to
you.you.
So one way of identifying it is toSo one way of identifying it is to
brainstorm the main benefits to thebrainstorm the main benefits to the
students that come from yourstudents that come from your
presentation.presentation.

Develop and structure theDevelop and structure the
content of your presentationcontent of your presentation
 Think in terms of THREEs.Think in terms of THREEs.
 BeginningBeginning
 MiddleMiddle
 EndEnd
Split your middle section into three sections asSplit your middle section into three sections as
well. In each section have 3 further points youwell. In each section have 3 further points you
want to make and expand on to reinforcewant to make and expand on to reinforce
things.things.

And ensure that as you create theAnd ensure that as you create the
content for your presentation youcontent for your presentation you
rememberremember:-:-
 Your purpose – what you want to achieveYour purpose – what you want to achieve
from itfrom it
 The key message – what is in it for theThe key message – what is in it for the
studentsstudents
 If you don't have a strong structure, you’llIf you don't have a strong structure, you’ll
find that’s when you start to wander offfind that’s when you start to wander off
topic, your mind can go blank or you’lltopic, your mind can go blank or you’ll
head off at a tangent. And then you losehead off at a tangent. And then you lose
the attention of your students.the attention of your students.

Edit your presentation contentEdit your presentation content
Identify ways of grabbing their attention.Identify ways of grabbing their attention.
Ways of actually helping the students toWays of actually helping the students to
listen to you. Don't use long windedlisten to you. Don't use long winded
sentences. Or words that may not besentences. Or words that may not be
relevant to the audience, or that theyrelevant to the audience, or that they
might not even understand.might not even understand.

Presentation Visual AidsPresentation Visual Aids

PowerPoint was never designed toPowerPoint was never designed to
be the presentation content itself –be the presentation content itself –
nor were its slides supposed to benor were its slides supposed to be
the prompts for the presenter.the prompts for the presenter.

What's the purpose of yourWhat's the purpose of your
visual aids?visual aids?
Visual aids can be a great way ofVisual aids can be a great way of
enhancing a presentation VISUALLY –enhancing a presentation VISUALLY –
when they are used sensibly and with awhen they are used sensibly and with a
clear purpose.clear purpose.

Contd…Contd…
 Designing visual aidsDesigning visual aids
 Managing your visual aidsManaging your visual aids
 Pitfalls of visual aidsPitfalls of visual aids

Use the KISS rule (Keep It SimpleUse the KISS rule (Keep It Simple
and Succinct),and Succinct),
 Don't over do things.Don't over do things.
 Don't use too many different transitionDon't use too many different transition
effects.effects.
 Don't use too small font sizesDon't use too small font sizes
 Keep the number of slides/flip charts to aKeep the number of slides/flip charts to a
minimumminimum
 Keep it as visual and text free as possibleKeep it as visual and text free as possible

Alternatives to PowerPointAlternatives to PowerPoint
 Visual aids vs handoutsVisual aids vs handouts
Backups – when it all goes wrongBackups – when it all goes wrong
 To sum upTo sum up
 Visual aids – can be a great tool – butVisual aids – can be a great tool – but
you need to use them appropriately soyou need to use them appropriately so
that they help you and they enhancethat they help you and they enhance
your presentation.your presentation.

How to Overcome Presentation NervHow to Overcome Presentation Nerv
Its important to think about why peopleIts important to think about why people
get nervous and the effects nerves canget nervous and the effects nerves can
have on you when you present. Therehave on you when you present. There
are all sorts of symptoms that can beare all sorts of symptoms that can be
created through nerves. Andcreated through nerves. And
sometimes they can manifestsometimes they can manifest
themselves quite a lot when peoplethemselves quite a lot when people
present.present.

Preparing yourself to presentPreparing yourself to present
Obviously the benefits of proper planningObviously the benefits of proper planning
are very important – and will certainly helpare very important – and will certainly help
to reduce nervesto reduce nerves

Anxiety Breathing TechniquesAnxiety Breathing Techniques
 Four-Seven-Eight BreathFour-Seven-Eight Breath Best doneBest done
sitting but can be done standing orsitting but can be done standing or
lying down.lying down.
 1. Sit with your back straight and1. Sit with your back straight and
your hands resting comfortably inyour hands resting comfortably in
your lap or on your thighs.your lap or on your thighs.
 Look ahead...try not to fix your gazeLook ahead...try not to fix your gaze
on anything in particular. Slightlyon anything in particular. Slightly
closing your eyes helps.closing your eyes helps.
 Try to focus internally on yourTry to focus internally on your
breathing.breathing.
 All inhalations are done throughAll inhalations are done through
your NOSE; all exhalations throughyour NOSE; all exhalations through
your MOUTH.your MOUTH.
 Throughout the exercises keep theThroughout the exercises keep the
tip of your tongue in contact withtip of your tongue in contact with
the top of your mouth, just behindthe top of your mouth, just behind
your top teeth.your top teeth.

All inhalations are done throughAll inhalations are done through
youryour NOSE;NOSE; all exhalations throughall exhalations through
your MOUTH.your MOUTH.
Throughout the exercises keep theThroughout the exercises keep the
tip of your tongue in contact withtip of your tongue in contact with
the top of your mouth, just behindthe top of your mouth, just behind
your top teeth.your top teeth.

2.2. Commence inhaling slowly, smoothly and deeplyCommence inhaling slowly, smoothly and deeply
to a mental count of 4 seconds. Fill your lower lungsto a mental count of 4 seconds. Fill your lower lungs
first (by pushing out your abdomen), then your middlefirst (by pushing out your abdomen), then your middle
and upperand upper lungs.lungs.
Hold your breath for a mental count of 7 seconds.Hold your breath for a mental count of 7 seconds.
Slowly and smoothly exhale for a mental count of 8 seconds.Slowly and smoothly exhale for a mental count of 8 seconds.
As you exhale, try to let go of all your anxiety, tension & stress.As you exhale, try to let go of all your anxiety, tension & stress.
That's one round. Pause briefly without inhaling then start anotherThat's one round. Pause briefly without inhaling then start another
round. This natural pauseis very therapeutic and relaxing.round. This natural pauseis very therapeutic and relaxing.
Do 10-12 rounds to begin. Build up to 25-30 rounds several timesDo 10-12 rounds to begin. Build up to 25-30 rounds several times
a day AND whenever you feel anxious or nervousa day AND whenever you feel anxious or nervous, etc., etc.

Summary:Summary: Inhale for 4 seconds - Hold for 7Inhale for 4 seconds - Hold for 7
seconds - Exhale for 8 seconds - Pause briefly -seconds - Exhale for 8 seconds - Pause briefly -
RepeatRepeat..
BenefitsBenefits
 Calms your mindCalms your mind
 Tones your nervousTones your nervous
systemsystem
 Regulates your breathingRegulates your breathing
 Balances your emotionsBalances your emotions
TipsTips
 Can be done anywhere -Can be done anywhere -
on a bus, in a line, aton a bus, in a line, at
work, before a testwork, before a test
 If you lose your breath,If you lose your breath,
stop, breathe freely thenstop, breathe freely then
try againtry again
 With practice your pausesWith practice your pauses
between rounds willbetween rounds will
naturally get longernaturally get longer
 Soothing music or earSoothing music or ear
plugs can help reduceplugs can help reduce
external distractionsexternal distractions

Psychological techniquesPsychological techniques
These techniques can help you to maintainThese techniques can help you to maintain
a positive mental attitude towards youra positive mental attitude towards your
presentation and help you remain inpresentation and help you remain in
control if any negative thoughts start tocontrol if any negative thoughts start to
creep into your mindcreep into your mind
A lot of the time our imagination focuses onA lot of the time our imagination focuses on
the negatives – so forcing it to focus onthe negatives – so forcing it to focus on
the positive can help to turn things aroundthe positive can help to turn things around
and will help build your confidence.and will help build your confidence.

Rehearsing the presentationRehearsing the presentation
The more presentation experience you haveThe more presentation experience you have
the more confident you will feel.the more confident you will feel.

Improving Your Presentation DeliveImproving Your Presentation Deliver
A good delivery of your presentation canA good delivery of your presentation can
give you a certain uniqueness and extragive you a certain uniqueness and extra
edge.edge.

First ImpressionsFirst Impressions
You need to look confident and look like youYou need to look confident and look like you
know what you are talking about right atknow what you are talking about right at
the start of the presentation in order forthe start of the presentation in order for
your audience to take you seriously.your audience to take you seriously.
If you take time to ‘warm up’ into it you mayIf you take time to ‘warm up’ into it you may
well ‘lose’ your audience even beforewell ‘lose’ your audience even before
you’ve got to your key messageyou’ve got to your key message

Speaking confidentlySpeaking confidently
 Speaking confidently is one of key areas that you needSpeaking confidently is one of key areas that you need
to look at in order that you get your message acrossto look at in order that you get your message across
clearly.clearly.
 It’s important to speak at the correct pace and not toIt’s important to speak at the correct pace and not to
rush, so you have to think about speaking a little morerush, so you have to think about speaking a little more
slowly than usual.slowly than usual.
 It’s also important to speak clearly – so that you don’tIt’s also important to speak clearly – so that you don’t
slur your words together – as this will make you soundslur your words together – as this will make you sound
hesitant.hesitant.
 So, by speaking at the correct pace and pronuncing yourSo, by speaking at the correct pace and pronuncing your
words clearly – especially the ends of words, you willwords clearly – especially the ends of words, you will
sound more confident and convincing to your audience.sound more confident and convincing to your audience.

Sounding interestingSounding interesting
To sound interesting and enthusiastic youTo sound interesting and enthusiastic you
need to use more expression in your toneneed to use more expression in your tone
of voice so that you avoid a monotoneof voice so that you avoid a monotone
style. You may also emphasize key wordsstyle. You may also emphasize key words
which will help to influence the overallwhich will help to influence the overall
meaning of your messagesmeaning of your messages

Looking confidentLooking confident
The ways in which you use your posture,The ways in which you use your posture,
gesture and eye contact can help you togesture and eye contact can help you to
control any bad habits created by nervescontrol any bad habits created by nerves
and create a much stronger presence.and create a much stronger presence.
Make sure that you are standing evenly onMake sure that you are standing evenly on
two feet with a strong but relaxed posture.two feet with a strong but relaxed posture.

Engaging with the audienceEngaging with the audience
 Eye contact is also very important to helpEye contact is also very important to help
you engage with your audience.you engage with your audience.
 If you just stare at them blankly, you wontIf you just stare at them blankly, you wont
get the right connection with them. So youget the right connection with them. So you
need to use confident eye contact so thatneed to use confident eye contact so that
you really connect with individualyou really connect with individual
members of the audience while you aremembers of the audience while you are
speaking with them.speaking with them.

Presentation staminaPresentation stamina
It’s important to use the voice and bodyIt’s important to use the voice and body
language techniques we have alreadylanguage techniques we have already
done in the previous sessions and todone in the previous sessions and to
practice them so that you build up yourpractice them so that you build up your
vocal stamina. You don’t have to wait untilvocal stamina. You don’t have to wait until
your next presentation, you can practiceyour next presentation, you can practice
the vocal and body language techniquesthe vocal and body language techniques
on the telephone or in a meeting.on the telephone or in a meeting.

Answering Presentation Questions CAnswering Presentation Questions C
 The importance of preparationThe importance of preparation
 Preparing for difficult questionsPreparing for difficult questions
 Controlling the studentsControlling the students
 Avoiding student trapsAvoiding student traps

Ending confidentlyEnding confidently
It can be sometimes hard to bring theIt can be sometimes hard to bring the
session to an end if people have got moresession to an end if people have got more
questions to ask. The last thing you wantquestions to ask. The last thing you want
is to lose control of things right at the end,is to lose control of things right at the end,
so plan how you want to end the Q&Aso plan how you want to end the Q&A
session beforehand. Make sure you sticksession beforehand. Make sure you stick
to the time allocated and have a closingto the time allocated and have a closing
statement or strategy at hand, ready tostatement or strategy at hand, ready to
use when you want to end the session.use when you want to end the session.

The ability to take questionsThe ability to take questions
effectively is all about goodeffectively is all about good
preparation and planning, so thatpreparation and planning, so that
you have the ability andyou have the ability and
confidence to be able to tackle anyconfidence to be able to tackle any
question that you have thrown atquestion that you have thrown at
you.you.

Summing upSumming up

Do’s of a FacilitatorDo’s of a Facilitator
 Positive mental attitudePositive mental attitude
 Dress appropriatelyDress appropriately
 Be enthusiasticBe enthusiastic
 Be energeticBe energetic
 Avoid excessive slang and vernacularAvoid excessive slang and vernacular
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Do’sDo’s
 Speak upSpeak up
 Be yourselfBe yourself
 Practice what you preachPractice what you preach
 Watch your body languageWatch your body language
 Be the best ‘you’ that you can beBe the best ‘you’ that you can be
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Do’sDo’s
 Be accessible and approachableBe accessible and approachable
 Be responsiveBe responsive
 Allow learners to leadAllow learners to lead
 Be flexibleBe flexible
 Maintain your scheduleMaintain your schedule
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Preparation SkillsPreparation Skills
 Know your audienceKnow your audience
 Communicate the session objectives atCommunicate the session objectives at
the outset of your presentationthe outset of your presentation
 Be familiar enough with your materials soBe familiar enough with your materials so
as toas to avoid reading directly from slidesavoid reading directly from slides
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Preparation SkillsPreparation Skills
 Supplement the information that will be onSupplement the information that will be on
the slides with real world examples, courtthe slides with real world examples, court
decisions, news articles, drawings etc..decisions, news articles, drawings etc..
 Expect to be nervousExpect to be nervous
 Do an extensive review of your material soDo an extensive review of your material so
you are thoroughly familiar with the topicyou are thoroughly familiar with the topic
you are going to presentyou are going to present
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PreparationPreparation SkillsSkills
 The better you know your subject theThe better you know your subject the
more confidence you will havemore confidence you will have
 The more you practice the better you willThe more you practice the better you will
bebe
 Try your presentation out on family or co-Try your presentation out on family or co-
workersworkers
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Delivery SkillsDelivery Skills
 Make sure you speak so thatMake sure you speak so that
students in the back have nostudents in the back have no
trouble hearing youtrouble hearing you
 Enunciate your wordsEnunciate your words
clearlyclearly
 Avoid saying uhm…..Avoid saying uhm…..
 Avoid distractingAvoid distracting
mannerisms such asmannerisms such as
jingling change or playingjingling change or playing
with your hairwith your hair
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 Involve theInvolve the
participants byparticipants by
encouraging andencouraging and
asking questionsasking questions
 Start on time; makeStart on time; make
sure that establishedsure that established
breaks, lunch andbreaks, lunch and
ending times areending times are
adhered toadhered to
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 Pace your deliveryPace your delivery
according to theaccording to the
allotted time and theallotted time and the
material to be coveredmaterial to be covered
 If working from aIf working from a
syllabus, make suresyllabus, make sure
you cover everythingyou cover everything
that is on it, or explainthat is on it, or explain
changeschanges
 Keep close tabs on theKeep close tabs on the
climate of the classclimate of the class
 Recognize yourRecognize your
strengths andstrengths and
weaknessesweaknesses
 Work to maximize yourWork to maximize your
strengths and minimizestrengths and minimize
your weaknessyour weakness
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 Don’t pretend to know all theDon’t pretend to know all the
answersanswers
 If you don’t knowIf you don’t know
something:something:

Discuss the questionDiscuss the question
with the classwith the class

Let the student know youLet the student know you
will get the answer, butwill get the answer, but
be sure to remember tobe sure to remember to
follow upfollow up
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Fatal MistakesFatal Mistakes
 Poor first impressionPoor first impression
 No objectivesNo objectives
 Dull, dry and boringDull, dry and boring
 Frozen in one spotFrozen in one spot
 Weak eye contactWeak eye contact
 Poor visual aidsPoor visual aids
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Fatal MistakesFatal Mistakes
 Weak closeWeak close
 No humorNo humor
 Poor preparationPoor preparation
 No audience involvementNo audience involvement
 No enthusiasm or convictionNo enthusiasm or conviction
 Poor facial expressionPoor facial expression
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Don’tsDon’ts
 Don’t be too formalDon’t be too formal
 Don’t be a know it allDon’t be a know it all
 Don’t be unpreparedDon’t be unprepared
 Do not talk down toDo not talk down to
learnerslearners
 Do not use profanityDo not use profanity
 Don’t be distractingDon’t be distracting
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Don’tsDon’ts
 Don’t loose controlDon’t loose control
 Don’t catch peopleDon’t catch people
unpreparedunprepared
 Don’t be afraid to sayDon’t be afraid to say
you do not knowyou do not know
 Don’t avoid eye contactDon’t avoid eye contact
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Thank You.Thank You.

Presentation skills

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