This document discusses key concepts in management including: organizations achieving goals through coordinating resources like people, machinery, materials and money. It defines management as the process of using these resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively. It also outlines the functions of management as planning, organizing, staffing, directing and controlling, and discusses management as both an art and a science.

1. MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS
AND FUNDAMENTALS

2. Management Key Concepts
Organizations: People working together
and coordinating their actions to achieve
specific goals.
Goal: A desired future condition that the
organization seeks to achieve.
Management: The process of using
organizational resources to achieve the
organization’s goals

3. Cont….
Resources are organizational
assets and include:
Man,
Machinery,
Materials,
Money
Managers - to meet its goals.

4. Organizational Performance
Managers use resources effectively and
efficiently to satisfy customers and to achieve
goals.
Efficiency: A measure of how well resources
are used to achieve a goal.
Effectiveness: A measure of the
appropriateness of the goals chosen (are
these the right goals?), and the degree to
which they are achieved.

5. INTRODUCTION
 One of the most important human
activities is managing.
 Managing has been essential to ensure the
coordination of individual efforts.
 Task of managers has been rising in
importance.

6. CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT
The term management is used in three
alternative ways:
• Management as a discipline,
• Management as a group of people, and
• Management as a process.

7. WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?
1.Field of Study -Management principles,
techniques, functions, etc-Profession
2.Team or Class of people-Individual who
performs managerial activities or may be a
group of persons
3.Process-Managerial activities -planning,
organizing, staffing, directing, controlling.

8. DEFINITION-MANAGEMENT
• F.W. Taylor -“Art of knowing what you want to do and
then seeing that it is done the best and cheapest way”.
• Henry Fayol –“To Manage is to forecast, to plan, to
organise, to command, to co-ordinate and to control”.
• Peter F.Drucker –”Management is work and as such it
has its own skills, its own tools and its own
techniques”.
• “Management is the art of getting things done
through and with people”.

9. Different context of defining
management:
There are four such orientations have been
adopted in defining management process:
• Production-or efficiency-oriented,
• Decision-oriented,
• People-oriented, and
• Function-oriented.

10. Production- or Efficiency-oriented
Definition:
“Management is the art of knowing what you
want to do and then seeing that it is done in the
best and cheapest way”

11. Decision-oriented Definitions:
“Management is simply the process of
decision making and control over the action
of human beings for the expressed purpose
of attaining predetermined goals”

12. People oriented Definitions:
“Management is the accomplishment of
results through the efforts of other people”

13. Function oriented Definitions:
“To manage is to forecast and to plan, to
organize, to coordinate and to control”

14. NATURE AND SCOPE OF
MANAGEMENT
The nature of management can be described as
follows:
• Multidisciplinary
• Dynamic nature of principles
• Relative, not absolute principles
• Management: Science or Art
• Management as profession
• Universality of management

15. IMPORTANCE OF
MANAGEMENT
The importance of management may be traced
in the following contexts:
• Effective Utilisation of Resources
• Development of Resources
• To incorporate Innovations
• Integrating Various Interest Groups
• Stability in the Society

16. MANGEMENT IS AN ART AND
SCIENCE
Science
Art
•Empirically Derived
•Practical know how
•Critically tested
•Technical skills •General principles
•Concrete results •Cause and effect
•Creativity relationship
•Personalised nature •Universal
applicability

17. Functions of Management
The following are the functions of
management:
Planning,
Organizing,
Staffing,
Directing or Leading and
Controlling.

18. Management Process
Planning
Choose Goals
Controlling Organizing
Monitor & measure Working together
Directing
Coordinate
Staffing
Employment

19. Planning
Planning means “the determination of what is
to be done, how and where it is to be done, who
is to do it, and how the results are to be
evaluated.”

20. Organising
Organising refers to the systematic arrangement
of different aspects of the business operations to
achieve the planned objectives.

21. Staffing
Staffing involves “man in the organisational
structure through proper and effective selection,
appraisal and development of personnel to fill
the roles designed into the structure.”

22. Directing
In Directing, managers determine direction, state
a clear vision for employees to follow, and help
employees understand the role they play in
attaining goals.

23. Controlling
In controlling, managers evaluate how well the
organization is achieving its goals and takes
corrective action to improve performance.

24. Management Levels
Organizations often have 3 levels of managers:
 First-line Managers
Middle Managers
Top Managers

25. Three Levels of Management
Top
Managers
Middle
Managers
First-line Managers
Non-management

26. Roles of Manager
A role is a set of specific tasks a person performs
because of the position they hold.
Roles are directed inside as well as outside the
organization.
There are 3 broad role categories:
1. Interpersonal
2. Informational
3. Decisional

27. Interpersonal Roles
Roles managers assume to coordinate and
interact with employees and provide
direction to the organization.
Figurehead role
Leader role
Liaison role

28. Informational Roles
Associated with the tasks needed to obtain
and transmit information for management
of the organization.
Monitor role
Disseminator role
Spokesperson role

29. Decisional Roles
Associated with the methods managers use
to plan strategy and utilize resources to
achieve goals.
Entrepreneur role
Disturbance handler role
Resource allocator role
Negotiator role

30. Managerial Skills
There are three skill sets that managers
need to perform effectively.
1. Conceptual skills
2. Human skills
3. Technical skills

31. Skill Type Needed by Manager
Level
Top
Managers
Middle
Managers
Line
Managers
Conceptual Human Technical

32. Thank you