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April 2015
Geographic manufacturing
attractiveness index and
analysis for the commercial
aircraft industry
2015 Aerospace
Manufacturing
Attractiveness Rankings
Welcome to the 2015 Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings. In
December of 2013, PwC released a research paper on the US aviation manu-
facturing industry: Aviation’s Second Golden Age: Can the US Aircraft Industry
Maintain Leadership? In that paper, we released our initial aerospace manu-
facturing attractiveness index. Receiving a favorable response to this index,
we have updated the rankings for 2015 and made some improvements to our
methodology.
The 2015 index primarily uses a weighted average of variables. For the global
ranking, the three categories of variables are costs, industry size, and infra-
structure/stability/talent. For the US state ranking, variables are categorized
under tax rates, operating costs, industry size and educational attainment. The
analysis looks at how countries and US states compare against each other in
terms of their attractiveness as locales for commercial aircraft manufacturing
and provides an interesting view on the wide diversity of options to locate sites
and/or R&D facilities.
Major enhancements from last year’s global rankings methodology include the
addition of infrastructure, regulatory and corruption metrics. These additions
help provide a more robust assessment of the manufacturing environment in
which the aerospace companies are (or will be) operating. Refinements from
last year’s rankings methodology include the use of proportionality in our indus-
try rankings to better reflect the size and scale of the aerospace industry among
countries (e.g., the US has seven times the number of suppliers as the next larg-
est country).
This year’s state rankings now include the addition of a separate category for
tax and the use of ‘effective’ tax rates instead of ‘statutory’ rates, which better
reflects the various tax incentives offered by states. Operating costs now reflect
both industry wage rates and overall employee wages which provides a better
gauge of wage dynamics in the state and a more appropriate weighting to labor
(relative to other expenses).
We hope you enjoy the second annual aerospace attractiveness rankings and
analysis and welcome a deeper conversation regarding the findings and its
potential impact on your expansion strategy.
Table of contents
Global rankings and commentary	 2
State rankings and commentary	 4
What this means for your business	 6
Appendices	9
2 2015 Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings
Global rankings and commentary
1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26–30
31–35 36–40 41–45 46–50 51-55 56-60
Top ten countries by rank
Country
Cost
rank
Industry
rank
Infrastructure/
stability/
talent rank
Overall
rank
United States 51 1 21 1
Singapore 7 140 3 2
Hong Kong SAR, China 4 142 5 3
Switzerland 10 141 2 4
United Kingdom 21 122 11 5
Canada 11 134 10 6
Qatar 1 142 19 7
United Arab Emirates 2 142 20 8
Luxembourg 14 142 8 9
Ireland 12 142 22 10
Source: Oxford Economics; World Economic Forum; World Bank, Capital IQ; OECD; EU;
PwC analysis
Note: Please find complete study results in appendix.
3Global rankings and commentary
In the global manufacturing attractive-
ness index, the United States ranked
#1, compared to #4 in the previous
ranking. The US rank, and improve-
ment, reflects the overall size of the
industry and the addition of propor-
tionality to the industry metric. The
US aerospace industry has more than
seven times as many suppliers than
the #2 ranked country—the United
Kingdom.
The US industry rank was sufficient
to overcome moderate rankings in
the cost and infrastructure/stability/
talent categories. The US ranked #51
in cost, the lowest among the top ten
countries. Considering the cost cat-
egory, the US is competitive in terms
of pay and productivity (ranked ten),
but #101 in tax cost. The US ranked
#21 in the infrastructure/stability/tal-
ent category. Within this area, the US
ranked well in most metrics including
scientific research institutions and
research services, but ranked #47 in
STEM education (Science Technology,
Engineering, and Math), dragging
down the overall ranking which was
the second lowest among the top ten
countries.
Other countries remaining in the top
ten from our prior analysis include
Singapore, the UK, and Canada. New-
comers to the top ten were Hong Kong,
Switzerland, Qatar, UAE, Luxembourg,
and Ireland. Arabian countries UAE
and Qatar are placing more emphasis
on the aerospace industry and have
very low operating costs and taxes as
well as good infrastructure and educa-
tion. Switzerland was #2 in terms of
infrastructure, stability, and talent,
including #1 in STEM education.
Singapore ranked #3 in infrastructure,
stability, and workforce.
Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Poland,
France, and Belgium were countries
that fell out of the top ten. These are
generally higher cost countries that
were impacted significantly by the
proportionality modification to the
industry rank.
Considerations for your
business
Expanding foreign markets, such as
China, India, and Brazil, offer sig-
nificant opportunities for US aircraft
manufacturers, as demand for aircraft
continues to swell in those regions.
Such opportunities can drive both
international and domestic expan-
sion. Expansion in global markets
also carries risks including intellec-
tual property protection and human
resources issues such as talent recruit-
ment, training, and retention, an area
that can be particularly difficult in
some of these markets. Companies
with supply chains expanding over-
seas (and in Mexico) also face new
questions surrounding the soundness
of offshoring; indeed, some compa-
nies are reconsidering re-shoring back
to the US, as a supply chain strategy,
for a host of reasons.
As demand for aircraft pivots to other
parts of the world, questions arise as
to how prepared is the US to enter a
new era of competition. An impor-
tant consideration for US companies,
educators, and policy makers is
promoting the skills and policies that
will support investment in growth in
the US.
4 2015 Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings
State rankings and commentary
1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26–30 31–35 36–40 41–45 46–50
Top ten US states by rank
State
Tax
rank
Opex
rank
Industry
rank
Education
rank
Overall
rank
Florida 14 21 5 12 1
Michigan 10 25 3 18 2
Ohio 26 18 1 17 3
Utah 5 29 7 22 4
Virginia 6 34 19 5 5
Georgia 8 31 11 16 6
New York 20 28 17 1 7
Texas 39 16 4 9 8
Missouri 4 7 34 24 9
North Carolina 25 9 22 15 10
Source: Department of Labor; Tax Foundation; EIA, Census Bureau; PwC analysis
Note: Please find complete study results in appendix.
5State rankings and commentary
Among the state rankings, Florida
maintained its #1 overall rank from
the prior year. The state rankings
were very close. Florida had balanced
metrics. Its best score was industry
rank #5, with competitive scores in
taxes, operating cost, and education.
Michigan, Ohio, Texas, Georgia, and
Missouri remained in the top ten. Ohio
reported the #1 industry rank. New-
comers to the top ten included Utah,
Virginia, New York, and North Caro-
lina. New York had moderate rankings
but was helped by an overall #1 rank
in education. Virginia was #6 in taxes
and #5 in education, more than offset-
ting higher operating costs. Utah had
a strong industry rank and low taxes.
North Carolina ranked #9 in operating
cost and overall competitive in other
metrics.
California fell out of our top ten
list. California ranks #1 in industry
employment and aerospace suppliers
and #4 in education but its overall
rank was dragged down because it was
#43 in industry growth and #46 in
operating cost. Washington State fell
from #3 to #12. Washington was #7
in industry rank and #10 in educa-
tion, but in the bottom half in terms of
operating cost and taxes. Pennsylvania
and Arizona also fell out of the top ten.
Both states rank well in industry and
education, but have higher operating
and tax costs, particularly Pennsylva-
nia which ranked #46 in tax cost.
Considerations for your
business
While this ranking by no means sug-
gests the ‘best places’ for aerospace
manufacturing, given that companies’
individual criteria for locating in a
geographical area vary so widely—it
does, however, provide an interesting
view on the wide diversity of options
to locate sites and/or R&D facilities—
most especially for those suppliers
which do not need to be based near
OEMs.
Thriving in the new competitive
landscape means nurturing today’s
workforce to satisfy backlog demand
for aircraft and to meet demand for
the next generation of more effi-
cient, sustainable aircraft. Growing
and diversifying this workforce is
fundamental to securing the competi-
tiveness of US commercial aviation
manufacturing in a globalized
market. Some companies have taken
innovative steps to recruit, train and
retain talent. For example, South Car-
olina has been working closely with
Boeing, who recently located a 787
final assembly plant there, to create
a state-sponsored training program
and facility that can keep supplying
qualified, interested employees as the
site grows. Effective talent recruit-
ment strategies involve collaboration
among private sector, government,
and educational institutions that tar-
get numerous talent issues including
STEM education, relevant job skills
training, and the recruitment of new
talent needed to spark innovations
that will produce the next generation
of aircraft.
The industry should also take mea-
sures to lift its reputation and allure,
as other industries, over the years,
have pulled talent that might once
have been drawn to aviation.
6 2015 Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings
What this means for your business
Top industry issues and what companies are doing
(or can do)
Issues, implications, actions
PwC’s Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings are a quantitative framework for assessing many pressing issues
facing industry leaders as they consider how (and where) to optimize their supply chain, control costs, and plan for future
growth. Of course, a qualitative assessment of the trends affecting each region is needed to more fully understand the cur-
rent operating environment and understand the potential challenges and hurdles in a highly dynamic global economy.
Our team at PwC is actively monitoring these factors as well as a host of other issues that cannot be fully captured in our
framework such as IP protection, cybersecurity, innovation, geopolitical developments and, perhaps most importantly,
technological disruption trends.
Based on our paper Aviation’s Second Golden Age: Can the US Aircraft Industry Maintain Leadership?, issued in December
2013, the following list were top issues that resonated with leaders—as well as implications of these issues and, most
important, what companies can do to tackle them. We encourage you to reach out to PwC’s highly experienced Aerospace &
Defense team for an in-depth conversation on these or other topics that are top-of-mind.
Issues Implications for US competitiveness What companies are doing (or can do)
Talent Companies are under pressure as they seek
to secure the workforce they need to achieve
increased production rates and continue to
innovate. Talent—both the skilled technician
and engineer ends—is hard to secure as the
industry faces stiff competition from other
industries.
Companies are being more proactive in forg-
ing ties with government and academia to
attract, educate, and train the next generation
of manufacturers and to capture and pass on
the knowledge of veteran specialists nearing
retirement.
Innovation Demand for ‘greener, smarter’ aircraft and
greater automation in manufacturing and
inspection are exerting more pressure on US
aviation OEMs and suppliers to boost innova-
tion and productivity while containing costs to
maintain technological leads.
Aviation manufacturing companies can con-
sider co-opting automation practices from
other industries (e.g., automotive) and collab-
orate with emerging developers of technology
(carbon composites, bio-fuels) and manufac-
turing processes to maintain a leading edge as
innovators and to diversify their businesses.
Globalization
pressures/
opportunities
Mushrooming demand for commercial fleets
outside the US, especially in Asia, leaves US
manufacturers eager to sell to and expand in
these markets through partnerships. Yet they
need to build a strategy that prevents new
partners from turning into new competitors.
To thrive globally, US companies need to invest
in securing and nurturing local talent and
be vigilant when partnering with local firms,
employing strict IP protection measures and
careful technology transfer strategies.
7What this means for your business
Issues Implications for US competitiveness What companies are doing (or can do)
Availability of
capital
Financing by export credit agencies (such as
Ex-Im Bank) and private sector lenders clearly
drives not only OEM deliveries but also has a
ripple effect throughout the aviation industry
ecosystem.
Work collaboratively with lenders and pro-
mote the importance of export credit agencies,
which is a critical backstop to commercial
capital in order to keep the industry healthy.
Cost of labor As manufacturing spreads throughout the
US—and suppliers are more able to geographi-
cally decouple from customers—companies
find greater leeway with fixed costs, including
wages.
Companies are making long-term strate-
gic relocations to take advantage of wage
arbitrage within the US, particularly in the
Southwest.
Cost manage-
ment
Pressures to manage costs prompt suppliers to
look on multiple fronts—from wages to health-
care costs, automation, commodities, energy,
transportation and maintenance, etc.
Companies that are innovative in managing
costs—from the supply chain to operations—
will be more competitive as customers weigh
pros and cons of offshoring and on-shoring to
the US. Suppliers need to find ways to compete
in a world where many orders are global and
require quick, cost-competitive fulfillment.
Energy costs Volatile energy prices impact demand for
aviation and leave energy-intensive sectors,
including airplane parts and component manu-
facturing, vulnerable to energy cost pressures.
Companies are adopting energy manage-
ment systems and processes to contain costs.
Meanwhile, the sharp rise in shale gas and oil
production in the US bodes well in stabilizing
energy and feedstock costs for manufacturers
across the vast and diverse aircraft manufac-
turing supply chain.
Tax policy US federal tax rates are among the highest
in the world and the tax code is extremely
complex. Depending on the state, corporate
tax rates can exert considerable pressure on
aircraft manufacturers’ bottom line and can
place US suppliers at a competitive disadvan-
tage. Companies also note the importance of a
permanent federal R&D tax credit.
Companies can lobby their federal and state
legislators for tax reform to promote an over-
haul of the current tax code to be less complex
and more competitive with global tax rates as
well as make R&D tax credits permanent and
to even increase the amount of the credit—
such as the case in New Hampshire in early
2013.
8 2015 Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings
Issues Implications for US competitiveness What companies are doing (or can do)
Regulations Many companies cite the high cost of regu-
lation as a competitive disadvantage, from
environmental regulations to Dodd-Frank. The
cost of non-compliance can be considerable.
Companies can lobby their federal and state
representatives regarding the cost of regula-
tion and regulation reform. Companies need to
build more effective and efficient processes for
compliance.
Infrastructure An acute need exists to expand and modernize
US critical infrastructure, including the network
of airports, multi-modal connections, and air
traffic control infrastructure. The success—or
lack thereof—in developing air transport infra-
structure will have important implications for
the potential growth for aviation, and commer-
cial aircraft, demand in the US.
The commercial aviation industry and the FAA
will need to make greater strides in ‘taking
ownership’ of the successful development of
NextGen air traffic initiatives as well as making
efforts to support the development of a 21st-
century airport network in the US.
Supply-chain
innovation
The pressure OEMs face to increase production
rates is trickling down through their supply
chain, raising expectations for quicker and
more cost-effective production, while ensuring
world-class quality.
Manufacturers and suppliers that can adopt
innovations that lead to quicker production
lead times, improve quality and contain costs
(e.g., through automation, robotics, additive
manufacturing) will likely sharpen their com-
petitive edge, not only among US competitors
but also those emerging in foreign markets.
IP protection As US aviation companies expand into new
markets through partnerships and business
combinations with local firms abroad, they
seek opportunities to expand in growing
markets yet simultaneously run risks of losing
valuable IP to those very partners.
Companies must put into place the right con-
trols and protections to reduce risks of IP rights
infringement. This includes acquisitions of US
aviation companies by foreign firms which may
result in threats to US leadership in aviation
technology.
Cybersecurity The rising concern surrounding cyber attacks
on US critical infrastructure as well as hacking
into companies’ systems highlight the realities
of a new era of corporate and national espio-
nage and, worse, terrorism.
As aviation companies wade into new realms
of ‘compufacturing’ and relying on big data
for both manufacturing and R&D, they must
invest in proper cyber protections to prevent
potentially damaging consequences of cyber
attacks.
9Appendices
Appendices
PwC 2015 global aerospace manufacturing attractiveness index
Methodology
PwC’s analysis compared countries in terms of their
attractiveness as locales for commercial aircraft manufac-
turing. Our study created an ‘attractiveness ranking index’
which primarily used a weighted average of three major
elements: costs (taxes, manufacturing wages, productiv-
ity), industry size (number of existing suppliers), and
infrastructure/stability/talent (including quality of
electrical and transportation infrastructure, regulatory/
legal/corruption rankings and enrollments in, and quality
of, engineering programs).
Changes from prior year
Major enhancements from last year include the addition
of infrastructure and stability metrics to the workforce
element. These additions help provide a more robust
assessment of the manufacturing environment in which
the aerospace companies are (or will be) operating. Refine-
ments from last year’s rankings methodology include the
addition of new tax variables and the use of proportional-
ity in our industry rankings. The latter adjustment better
reflects the difference in magnitude of suppliers between
countries (e.g., the US has seven times the number of sup-
pliers as the next largest country).
Complete raw data
Country
Cost
rank
Industry
rank
Infrastructure/
stability/
talent rank
Overall
rank
Albania 28 142 100 59
Algeria 134 142 114 134
Angola 136 142 142 140
Argentina 142 142 102 133
Armenia 54 142 85 73
Australia 129 140 24 82
Austria 107 141 13 53
Azerbaijan 48 142 92 76
Bahrain 5 142 42 16
Bangladesh 87 142 127 115
Barbados 104 142 26 64
Belgium 125 141 6 63
Bhutan 56 142 72 59
Bolivia 122 142 108 125
Botswana 44 142 82 57
Brazil 133 141 84 118
Bulgaria 31 142 69 41
Country
Cost
rank
Industry
rank
Infrastructure/
stability/
talent rank
Overall
rank
Burkina Faso 126 142 106 126
Burundi 134 142 136 138
Cambodia 15 142 124 73
Cameroon 123 142 103 123
Canada 11 134 10 6
Chad 139 142 140 141
Chile 19 142 44 22
China 70 134 50 49
Colombia 130 142 88 119
Costa Rica 90 142 45 67
Côte d’Ivoire 84 142 87 93
Croatia 31 142 46 28
Cyprus 26 142 33 19
Czech Republic 61 141 32 36
Denmark 36 142 7 13
Dominican Republic 94 142 125 120
Egypt, Arab Rep. 123 142 126 136
10 2015 Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings
Country
Cost
rank
Industry
rank
Infrastructure/
stability/
talent rank
Overall
rank
El Salvador 94 142 73 90
Estonia 54 142 29 33
Ethiopia 74 142 120 107
Finland 71 142 1 24
France 112 134 14 52
Gabon 116 142 116 126
Gambia, The 101 142 105 111
Georgia 17 142 63 29
Germany 76 135 12 31
Ghana 28 142 71 39
Greece 119 142 53 94
Guatemala 57 142 91 78
Guinea 141 142 139 142
Guyana 62 142 101 87
Haiti 110 142 138 134
Honduras 82 142 112 107
Hong Kong SAR, China 4 142 5 3
Hungary 94 142 40 65
Iceland 36 142 18 18
India 106 139 68 92
Indonesia 21 142 59 29
Iran, Islamic Rep. 127 142 79 111
Ireland 12 142 22 10
Israel 48 141 35 32
Italy 138 140 37 95
Jamaica 118 142 83 109
Japan 58 137 9 21
Jordan 23 142 49 25
Kazakhstan 13 142 86 39
Kenya 80 142 89 91
Korea, Rep. 16 140 30 14
Complete raw data (continued)
Country
Cost
rank
Industry
rank
Infrastructure/
stability/
talent rank
Overall
rank
Kuwait 47 142 75 54
Kyrgyz Republic 26 142 122 78
Lao PDR 9 142 94 44
Latvia 24 142 36 20
Lebanon 43 142 115 84
Lesotho 39 142 96 67
Libya 98 142 137 131
Lithuania 44 142 28 25
Luxembourg 14 142 8 9
Macedonia, FYR 3 142 65 23
Madagascar 63 142 121 103
Malawi 52 142 111 87
Malaysia 20 141 27 15
Mali 119 142 109 124
Malta 68 142 41 46
Mauritania 140 142 123 137
Mauritius 30 142 43 27
Mexico 112 142 80 105
Moldova 50 142 99 81
Mongolia 7 142 95 42
Montenegro 34 142 60 37
Morocco 92 142 57 80
Mozambique 115 142 119 129
Myanmar 100 142 132 126
Namibia 52 142 64 50
Nepal 90 142 130 121
Netherlands 89 140 4 35
New Zealand 24 142 17 12
Nicaragua 108 142 117 122
Nigeria 42 142 131 96
Norway 94 142 16 47
11Appendices
Complete raw data (continued)
Country
Cost
rank
Industry
rank
Infrastructure/
stability/
talent rank
Overall
rank
Oman 38 142 48 34
Pakistan 65 142 118 102
Panama 101 142 56 83
Paraguay 87 142 129 116
Peru 65 142 98 87
Philippines 58 142 77 67
Poland 69 141 39 45
Portugal 112 142 25 72
Qatar 1 142 19 7
Romania 78 141 52 62
Russian Federation 64 136 70 61
Rwanda 41 142 77 51
Saudi Arabia 6 142 47 17
Senegal 105 142 76 101
Serbia 101 142 80 100
Seychelles 58 142 67 56
Sierra Leone 76 142 134 113
Singapore 7 140 3 2
Slovak Republic 65 142 38 43
Slovenia 78 142 34 48
South Africa 99 142 62 85
Spain 132 140 31 86
Sri Lanka 83 142 51 66
Suriname 74 142 104 98
Swaziland 86 142 93 99
Sweden 111 140 15 55
Switzerland 10 141 2 4
Taiwan, China 18 141 23 11
Tajikistan 92 142 110 110
Tanzania 121 142 113 129
Thailand 35 142 61 38
Country
Cost
rank
Industry
rank
Infrastructure/
stability/
talent rank
Overall
rank
Timor-Leste 40 142 133 96
Trinidad and Tobago 81 142 54 67
Tunisia 127 142 66 106
Turkey 85 141 55 75
Uganda 109 142 107 116
Ukraine 72 142 74 77
United Arab Emirates 2 142 20 8
United Kingdom 21 122 11 5
United States 51 1 21 1
Uruguay 131 142 58 104
Venezuela, RB 137 142 135 139
Vietnam 31 142 96 58
Yemen, Rep. 72 142 141 114
Zambia 46 142 90 71
Zimbabwe 116 142 128 132
12 2015 Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings
PwC 2015 US aerospace manufacturing attractiveness index
Methodology
PwC analyzed the relative ‘aerospace industry attractive-
ness’ of the US in a state-by state comparison. Our study
produced an overall ‘attractiveness ranking index’ using a
weighted average of the following major elements: taxes,
operating costs (industry and overall wage rates,
business climate, energy costs), industry size (existing
suppliers and supply/growth of workforce including avail-
able aerospace technicians, engineers, mechanics), and
educational attainment.
Changes from prior year
Enhancements from last year’s index include the creation
of a separate category for tax and the use of effective tax
rates instead of statutory rates. Operating costs now reflect
both industry wage rates and overall employee wages which
provides a better gauge of wage dynamics in the state and
a more appropriate weighting to labor (relative to other
expenses) in the operating costs category. Finally, the
industry ranking now includes employment growth rates (in
addition to number of employees) and is based on aero-
space companies as well as metal fabricators as opposed to
broader manufacturing talent.
Complete raw data
State
Tax
rank
Opex
rank
Industry
rank
Education
rank
Overall
rank
Alabama 27 15 18 34 22
Alaska 30 49 42 44 50
Arizona 24 35 23 20 28
Arkansas 40 9 24 47 39
California 34 46 6 4 20
Colorado 12 47 12 8 13
Connecticut 32 50 19 14 33
Delaware 50 43 26 41 49
Florida 14 21 5 12 1
Georgia 8 31 11 16 6
Hawaii 9 44 39 27 37
Idaho 21 6 29 43 27
Illinois 47 12 7 6 11
Indiana 22 18 15 32 18
Iowa 49 4 46 33 41
Kansas 38 37 15 23 32
Kentucky 29 3 14 39 16
Louisiana 23 18 42 35 36
Maine 45 25 30 35 42
Maryland 16 44 28 7 23
Massachusetts 37 42 10 2 21
Michigan 10 25 3 18 2
Minnesota 44 36 13 11 29
Mississippi 11 13 33 48 30
Missouri 4 7 34 24 9
State
Tax
rank
Opex
rank
Industry
rank
Education
rank
Overall
rank
Montana 18 1 39 38 25
Nebraska 31 29 49 28 43
Nevada 1 31 48 42 40
New Hampshire 48 41 38 25 48
New Jersey 41 48 27 3 37
New Mexico 35 21 50 40 46
New York 20 28 17 1 6
North Carolina 25 9 22 15 10
North Dakota 19 38 41 44 44
Ohio 26 18 1 17 3
Oklahoma 7 9 32 37 16
Oregon 36 21 21 19 26
Pennsylvania 46 27 2 12 18
Rhode Island 43 40 31 29 45
South Carolina 13 2 36 29 14
South Dakota 1 13 47 46 31
Tennessee 15 7 34 26 15
Texas 39 16 4 9 8
Utah 5 29 7 22 4
Vermont 42 38 37 29 46
Virginia 6 34 19 5 5
Washington 28 31 7 10 12
West Virginia 17 4 44 50 33
Wisconsin 33 17 25 20 23
Wyoming 1 21 45 49 35
To have a deeper conversation about
the aerospace manufacturing industry
and the issues discussed in this paper,
please contact:
Chuck Marx
Principal
US Aerospace & Defense Leader
602 364 8161
charles.a.marx@us.pwc.com
Scott Thompson
Partner
US Aerospace & Defense Assurance
Leader
703 918 1976
scott.thompson@us.pwc.com
James B. Grow
Partner
US Aerospace & Defense Tax Leader
703 918 3458
james.b.grow@us.pwc.com
Gina Reynolds
US Aerospace & Defense Marketing
Manager
973 236 4648
gina.reynolds@us.pwc.com
About the PwC network
Creating value for our clients, people
and communities in a changing world.
PwC helps organizations and individu-
als create the value they’re looking
for. We’re a network of firms in 157
countries with more than 195,000
people who are committed to deliv-
ering quality in assurance, tax, and
advisory services. Tell us what matters
to you and find out more by visiting us
at: www.pwc.com/us.
About the PwC Aerospace &
Defense practice
PwC’s Aerospace & Defense (A&D)
practice provides industry-focused
assurance, tax, and advisory services
to leading A&D companies around
the world. We help A&D companies
address a full spectrum of industry-
specific advisory challenges across
areas such as the globalization of A&D,
operational improvement, supply chain
management, compliance, export
controls, government contracting, and
information technology. We actively
leverage our diverse institutional
knowledge, experience, and solutions
to provide fresh perspectives and sig-
nificant value for our clients.
© 2015 PwC. All rights reserved. PwC refers to the PwC network and/or one or more of its member firms, each of which is a separate legal
entity. Please see www.pwc.com/structure for further details. This content is for general information purposes only, and should not be used
as a substitute for consultation with professional advisors. MW-15-1987 LL

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2015 Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings

  • 1. April 2015 Geographic manufacturing attractiveness index and analysis for the commercial aircraft industry 2015 Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings
  • 2. Welcome to the 2015 Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings. In December of 2013, PwC released a research paper on the US aviation manu- facturing industry: Aviation’s Second Golden Age: Can the US Aircraft Industry Maintain Leadership? In that paper, we released our initial aerospace manu- facturing attractiveness index. Receiving a favorable response to this index, we have updated the rankings for 2015 and made some improvements to our methodology. The 2015 index primarily uses a weighted average of variables. For the global ranking, the three categories of variables are costs, industry size, and infra- structure/stability/talent. For the US state ranking, variables are categorized under tax rates, operating costs, industry size and educational attainment. The analysis looks at how countries and US states compare against each other in terms of their attractiveness as locales for commercial aircraft manufacturing and provides an interesting view on the wide diversity of options to locate sites and/or R&D facilities. Major enhancements from last year’s global rankings methodology include the addition of infrastructure, regulatory and corruption metrics. These additions help provide a more robust assessment of the manufacturing environment in which the aerospace companies are (or will be) operating. Refinements from last year’s rankings methodology include the use of proportionality in our indus- try rankings to better reflect the size and scale of the aerospace industry among countries (e.g., the US has seven times the number of suppliers as the next larg- est country). This year’s state rankings now include the addition of a separate category for tax and the use of ‘effective’ tax rates instead of ‘statutory’ rates, which better reflects the various tax incentives offered by states. Operating costs now reflect both industry wage rates and overall employee wages which provides a better gauge of wage dynamics in the state and a more appropriate weighting to labor (relative to other expenses). We hope you enjoy the second annual aerospace attractiveness rankings and analysis and welcome a deeper conversation regarding the findings and its potential impact on your expansion strategy.
  • 3. Table of contents Global rankings and commentary 2 State rankings and commentary 4 What this means for your business 6 Appendices 9
  • 4. 2 2015 Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings Global rankings and commentary 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26–30 31–35 36–40 41–45 46–50 51-55 56-60 Top ten countries by rank Country Cost rank Industry rank Infrastructure/ stability/ talent rank Overall rank United States 51 1 21 1 Singapore 7 140 3 2 Hong Kong SAR, China 4 142 5 3 Switzerland 10 141 2 4 United Kingdom 21 122 11 5 Canada 11 134 10 6 Qatar 1 142 19 7 United Arab Emirates 2 142 20 8 Luxembourg 14 142 8 9 Ireland 12 142 22 10 Source: Oxford Economics; World Economic Forum; World Bank, Capital IQ; OECD; EU; PwC analysis Note: Please find complete study results in appendix.
  • 5. 3Global rankings and commentary In the global manufacturing attractive- ness index, the United States ranked #1, compared to #4 in the previous ranking. The US rank, and improve- ment, reflects the overall size of the industry and the addition of propor- tionality to the industry metric. The US aerospace industry has more than seven times as many suppliers than the #2 ranked country—the United Kingdom. The US industry rank was sufficient to overcome moderate rankings in the cost and infrastructure/stability/ talent categories. The US ranked #51 in cost, the lowest among the top ten countries. Considering the cost cat- egory, the US is competitive in terms of pay and productivity (ranked ten), but #101 in tax cost. The US ranked #21 in the infrastructure/stability/tal- ent category. Within this area, the US ranked well in most metrics including scientific research institutions and research services, but ranked #47 in STEM education (Science Technology, Engineering, and Math), dragging down the overall ranking which was the second lowest among the top ten countries. Other countries remaining in the top ten from our prior analysis include Singapore, the UK, and Canada. New- comers to the top ten were Hong Kong, Switzerland, Qatar, UAE, Luxembourg, and Ireland. Arabian countries UAE and Qatar are placing more emphasis on the aerospace industry and have very low operating costs and taxes as well as good infrastructure and educa- tion. Switzerland was #2 in terms of infrastructure, stability, and talent, including #1 in STEM education. Singapore ranked #3 in infrastructure, stability, and workforce. Netherlands, Germany, Spain, Poland, France, and Belgium were countries that fell out of the top ten. These are generally higher cost countries that were impacted significantly by the proportionality modification to the industry rank. Considerations for your business Expanding foreign markets, such as China, India, and Brazil, offer sig- nificant opportunities for US aircraft manufacturers, as demand for aircraft continues to swell in those regions. Such opportunities can drive both international and domestic expan- sion. Expansion in global markets also carries risks including intellec- tual property protection and human resources issues such as talent recruit- ment, training, and retention, an area that can be particularly difficult in some of these markets. Companies with supply chains expanding over- seas (and in Mexico) also face new questions surrounding the soundness of offshoring; indeed, some compa- nies are reconsidering re-shoring back to the US, as a supply chain strategy, for a host of reasons. As demand for aircraft pivots to other parts of the world, questions arise as to how prepared is the US to enter a new era of competition. An impor- tant consideration for US companies, educators, and policy makers is promoting the skills and policies that will support investment in growth in the US.
  • 6. 4 2015 Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings State rankings and commentary 1–5 6–10 11–15 16–20 21–25 26–30 31–35 36–40 41–45 46–50 Top ten US states by rank State Tax rank Opex rank Industry rank Education rank Overall rank Florida 14 21 5 12 1 Michigan 10 25 3 18 2 Ohio 26 18 1 17 3 Utah 5 29 7 22 4 Virginia 6 34 19 5 5 Georgia 8 31 11 16 6 New York 20 28 17 1 7 Texas 39 16 4 9 8 Missouri 4 7 34 24 9 North Carolina 25 9 22 15 10 Source: Department of Labor; Tax Foundation; EIA, Census Bureau; PwC analysis Note: Please find complete study results in appendix.
  • 7. 5State rankings and commentary Among the state rankings, Florida maintained its #1 overall rank from the prior year. The state rankings were very close. Florida had balanced metrics. Its best score was industry rank #5, with competitive scores in taxes, operating cost, and education. Michigan, Ohio, Texas, Georgia, and Missouri remained in the top ten. Ohio reported the #1 industry rank. New- comers to the top ten included Utah, Virginia, New York, and North Caro- lina. New York had moderate rankings but was helped by an overall #1 rank in education. Virginia was #6 in taxes and #5 in education, more than offset- ting higher operating costs. Utah had a strong industry rank and low taxes. North Carolina ranked #9 in operating cost and overall competitive in other metrics. California fell out of our top ten list. California ranks #1 in industry employment and aerospace suppliers and #4 in education but its overall rank was dragged down because it was #43 in industry growth and #46 in operating cost. Washington State fell from #3 to #12. Washington was #7 in industry rank and #10 in educa- tion, but in the bottom half in terms of operating cost and taxes. Pennsylvania and Arizona also fell out of the top ten. Both states rank well in industry and education, but have higher operating and tax costs, particularly Pennsylva- nia which ranked #46 in tax cost. Considerations for your business While this ranking by no means sug- gests the ‘best places’ for aerospace manufacturing, given that companies’ individual criteria for locating in a geographical area vary so widely—it does, however, provide an interesting view on the wide diversity of options to locate sites and/or R&D facilities— most especially for those suppliers which do not need to be based near OEMs. Thriving in the new competitive landscape means nurturing today’s workforce to satisfy backlog demand for aircraft and to meet demand for the next generation of more effi- cient, sustainable aircraft. Growing and diversifying this workforce is fundamental to securing the competi- tiveness of US commercial aviation manufacturing in a globalized market. Some companies have taken innovative steps to recruit, train and retain talent. For example, South Car- olina has been working closely with Boeing, who recently located a 787 final assembly plant there, to create a state-sponsored training program and facility that can keep supplying qualified, interested employees as the site grows. Effective talent recruit- ment strategies involve collaboration among private sector, government, and educational institutions that tar- get numerous talent issues including STEM education, relevant job skills training, and the recruitment of new talent needed to spark innovations that will produce the next generation of aircraft. The industry should also take mea- sures to lift its reputation and allure, as other industries, over the years, have pulled talent that might once have been drawn to aviation.
  • 8. 6 2015 Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings What this means for your business Top industry issues and what companies are doing (or can do) Issues, implications, actions PwC’s Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings are a quantitative framework for assessing many pressing issues facing industry leaders as they consider how (and where) to optimize their supply chain, control costs, and plan for future growth. Of course, a qualitative assessment of the trends affecting each region is needed to more fully understand the cur- rent operating environment and understand the potential challenges and hurdles in a highly dynamic global economy. Our team at PwC is actively monitoring these factors as well as a host of other issues that cannot be fully captured in our framework such as IP protection, cybersecurity, innovation, geopolitical developments and, perhaps most importantly, technological disruption trends. Based on our paper Aviation’s Second Golden Age: Can the US Aircraft Industry Maintain Leadership?, issued in December 2013, the following list were top issues that resonated with leaders—as well as implications of these issues and, most important, what companies can do to tackle them. We encourage you to reach out to PwC’s highly experienced Aerospace & Defense team for an in-depth conversation on these or other topics that are top-of-mind. Issues Implications for US competitiveness What companies are doing (or can do) Talent Companies are under pressure as they seek to secure the workforce they need to achieve increased production rates and continue to innovate. Talent—both the skilled technician and engineer ends—is hard to secure as the industry faces stiff competition from other industries. Companies are being more proactive in forg- ing ties with government and academia to attract, educate, and train the next generation of manufacturers and to capture and pass on the knowledge of veteran specialists nearing retirement. Innovation Demand for ‘greener, smarter’ aircraft and greater automation in manufacturing and inspection are exerting more pressure on US aviation OEMs and suppliers to boost innova- tion and productivity while containing costs to maintain technological leads. Aviation manufacturing companies can con- sider co-opting automation practices from other industries (e.g., automotive) and collab- orate with emerging developers of technology (carbon composites, bio-fuels) and manufac- turing processes to maintain a leading edge as innovators and to diversify their businesses. Globalization pressures/ opportunities Mushrooming demand for commercial fleets outside the US, especially in Asia, leaves US manufacturers eager to sell to and expand in these markets through partnerships. Yet they need to build a strategy that prevents new partners from turning into new competitors. To thrive globally, US companies need to invest in securing and nurturing local talent and be vigilant when partnering with local firms, employing strict IP protection measures and careful technology transfer strategies.
  • 9. 7What this means for your business Issues Implications for US competitiveness What companies are doing (or can do) Availability of capital Financing by export credit agencies (such as Ex-Im Bank) and private sector lenders clearly drives not only OEM deliveries but also has a ripple effect throughout the aviation industry ecosystem. Work collaboratively with lenders and pro- mote the importance of export credit agencies, which is a critical backstop to commercial capital in order to keep the industry healthy. Cost of labor As manufacturing spreads throughout the US—and suppliers are more able to geographi- cally decouple from customers—companies find greater leeway with fixed costs, including wages. Companies are making long-term strate- gic relocations to take advantage of wage arbitrage within the US, particularly in the Southwest. Cost manage- ment Pressures to manage costs prompt suppliers to look on multiple fronts—from wages to health- care costs, automation, commodities, energy, transportation and maintenance, etc. Companies that are innovative in managing costs—from the supply chain to operations— will be more competitive as customers weigh pros and cons of offshoring and on-shoring to the US. Suppliers need to find ways to compete in a world where many orders are global and require quick, cost-competitive fulfillment. Energy costs Volatile energy prices impact demand for aviation and leave energy-intensive sectors, including airplane parts and component manu- facturing, vulnerable to energy cost pressures. Companies are adopting energy manage- ment systems and processes to contain costs. Meanwhile, the sharp rise in shale gas and oil production in the US bodes well in stabilizing energy and feedstock costs for manufacturers across the vast and diverse aircraft manufac- turing supply chain. Tax policy US federal tax rates are among the highest in the world and the tax code is extremely complex. Depending on the state, corporate tax rates can exert considerable pressure on aircraft manufacturers’ bottom line and can place US suppliers at a competitive disadvan- tage. Companies also note the importance of a permanent federal R&D tax credit. Companies can lobby their federal and state legislators for tax reform to promote an over- haul of the current tax code to be less complex and more competitive with global tax rates as well as make R&D tax credits permanent and to even increase the amount of the credit— such as the case in New Hampshire in early 2013.
  • 10. 8 2015 Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings Issues Implications for US competitiveness What companies are doing (or can do) Regulations Many companies cite the high cost of regu- lation as a competitive disadvantage, from environmental regulations to Dodd-Frank. The cost of non-compliance can be considerable. Companies can lobby their federal and state representatives regarding the cost of regula- tion and regulation reform. Companies need to build more effective and efficient processes for compliance. Infrastructure An acute need exists to expand and modernize US critical infrastructure, including the network of airports, multi-modal connections, and air traffic control infrastructure. The success—or lack thereof—in developing air transport infra- structure will have important implications for the potential growth for aviation, and commer- cial aircraft, demand in the US. The commercial aviation industry and the FAA will need to make greater strides in ‘taking ownership’ of the successful development of NextGen air traffic initiatives as well as making efforts to support the development of a 21st- century airport network in the US. Supply-chain innovation The pressure OEMs face to increase production rates is trickling down through their supply chain, raising expectations for quicker and more cost-effective production, while ensuring world-class quality. Manufacturers and suppliers that can adopt innovations that lead to quicker production lead times, improve quality and contain costs (e.g., through automation, robotics, additive manufacturing) will likely sharpen their com- petitive edge, not only among US competitors but also those emerging in foreign markets. IP protection As US aviation companies expand into new markets through partnerships and business combinations with local firms abroad, they seek opportunities to expand in growing markets yet simultaneously run risks of losing valuable IP to those very partners. Companies must put into place the right con- trols and protections to reduce risks of IP rights infringement. This includes acquisitions of US aviation companies by foreign firms which may result in threats to US leadership in aviation technology. Cybersecurity The rising concern surrounding cyber attacks on US critical infrastructure as well as hacking into companies’ systems highlight the realities of a new era of corporate and national espio- nage and, worse, terrorism. As aviation companies wade into new realms of ‘compufacturing’ and relying on big data for both manufacturing and R&D, they must invest in proper cyber protections to prevent potentially damaging consequences of cyber attacks.
  • 11. 9Appendices Appendices PwC 2015 global aerospace manufacturing attractiveness index Methodology PwC’s analysis compared countries in terms of their attractiveness as locales for commercial aircraft manufac- turing. Our study created an ‘attractiveness ranking index’ which primarily used a weighted average of three major elements: costs (taxes, manufacturing wages, productiv- ity), industry size (number of existing suppliers), and infrastructure/stability/talent (including quality of electrical and transportation infrastructure, regulatory/ legal/corruption rankings and enrollments in, and quality of, engineering programs). Changes from prior year Major enhancements from last year include the addition of infrastructure and stability metrics to the workforce element. These additions help provide a more robust assessment of the manufacturing environment in which the aerospace companies are (or will be) operating. Refine- ments from last year’s rankings methodology include the addition of new tax variables and the use of proportional- ity in our industry rankings. The latter adjustment better reflects the difference in magnitude of suppliers between countries (e.g., the US has seven times the number of sup- pliers as the next largest country). Complete raw data Country Cost rank Industry rank Infrastructure/ stability/ talent rank Overall rank Albania 28 142 100 59 Algeria 134 142 114 134 Angola 136 142 142 140 Argentina 142 142 102 133 Armenia 54 142 85 73 Australia 129 140 24 82 Austria 107 141 13 53 Azerbaijan 48 142 92 76 Bahrain 5 142 42 16 Bangladesh 87 142 127 115 Barbados 104 142 26 64 Belgium 125 141 6 63 Bhutan 56 142 72 59 Bolivia 122 142 108 125 Botswana 44 142 82 57 Brazil 133 141 84 118 Bulgaria 31 142 69 41 Country Cost rank Industry rank Infrastructure/ stability/ talent rank Overall rank Burkina Faso 126 142 106 126 Burundi 134 142 136 138 Cambodia 15 142 124 73 Cameroon 123 142 103 123 Canada 11 134 10 6 Chad 139 142 140 141 Chile 19 142 44 22 China 70 134 50 49 Colombia 130 142 88 119 Costa Rica 90 142 45 67 Côte d’Ivoire 84 142 87 93 Croatia 31 142 46 28 Cyprus 26 142 33 19 Czech Republic 61 141 32 36 Denmark 36 142 7 13 Dominican Republic 94 142 125 120 Egypt, Arab Rep. 123 142 126 136
  • 12. 10 2015 Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings Country Cost rank Industry rank Infrastructure/ stability/ talent rank Overall rank El Salvador 94 142 73 90 Estonia 54 142 29 33 Ethiopia 74 142 120 107 Finland 71 142 1 24 France 112 134 14 52 Gabon 116 142 116 126 Gambia, The 101 142 105 111 Georgia 17 142 63 29 Germany 76 135 12 31 Ghana 28 142 71 39 Greece 119 142 53 94 Guatemala 57 142 91 78 Guinea 141 142 139 142 Guyana 62 142 101 87 Haiti 110 142 138 134 Honduras 82 142 112 107 Hong Kong SAR, China 4 142 5 3 Hungary 94 142 40 65 Iceland 36 142 18 18 India 106 139 68 92 Indonesia 21 142 59 29 Iran, Islamic Rep. 127 142 79 111 Ireland 12 142 22 10 Israel 48 141 35 32 Italy 138 140 37 95 Jamaica 118 142 83 109 Japan 58 137 9 21 Jordan 23 142 49 25 Kazakhstan 13 142 86 39 Kenya 80 142 89 91 Korea, Rep. 16 140 30 14 Complete raw data (continued) Country Cost rank Industry rank Infrastructure/ stability/ talent rank Overall rank Kuwait 47 142 75 54 Kyrgyz Republic 26 142 122 78 Lao PDR 9 142 94 44 Latvia 24 142 36 20 Lebanon 43 142 115 84 Lesotho 39 142 96 67 Libya 98 142 137 131 Lithuania 44 142 28 25 Luxembourg 14 142 8 9 Macedonia, FYR 3 142 65 23 Madagascar 63 142 121 103 Malawi 52 142 111 87 Malaysia 20 141 27 15 Mali 119 142 109 124 Malta 68 142 41 46 Mauritania 140 142 123 137 Mauritius 30 142 43 27 Mexico 112 142 80 105 Moldova 50 142 99 81 Mongolia 7 142 95 42 Montenegro 34 142 60 37 Morocco 92 142 57 80 Mozambique 115 142 119 129 Myanmar 100 142 132 126 Namibia 52 142 64 50 Nepal 90 142 130 121 Netherlands 89 140 4 35 New Zealand 24 142 17 12 Nicaragua 108 142 117 122 Nigeria 42 142 131 96 Norway 94 142 16 47
  • 13. 11Appendices Complete raw data (continued) Country Cost rank Industry rank Infrastructure/ stability/ talent rank Overall rank Oman 38 142 48 34 Pakistan 65 142 118 102 Panama 101 142 56 83 Paraguay 87 142 129 116 Peru 65 142 98 87 Philippines 58 142 77 67 Poland 69 141 39 45 Portugal 112 142 25 72 Qatar 1 142 19 7 Romania 78 141 52 62 Russian Federation 64 136 70 61 Rwanda 41 142 77 51 Saudi Arabia 6 142 47 17 Senegal 105 142 76 101 Serbia 101 142 80 100 Seychelles 58 142 67 56 Sierra Leone 76 142 134 113 Singapore 7 140 3 2 Slovak Republic 65 142 38 43 Slovenia 78 142 34 48 South Africa 99 142 62 85 Spain 132 140 31 86 Sri Lanka 83 142 51 66 Suriname 74 142 104 98 Swaziland 86 142 93 99 Sweden 111 140 15 55 Switzerland 10 141 2 4 Taiwan, China 18 141 23 11 Tajikistan 92 142 110 110 Tanzania 121 142 113 129 Thailand 35 142 61 38 Country Cost rank Industry rank Infrastructure/ stability/ talent rank Overall rank Timor-Leste 40 142 133 96 Trinidad and Tobago 81 142 54 67 Tunisia 127 142 66 106 Turkey 85 141 55 75 Uganda 109 142 107 116 Ukraine 72 142 74 77 United Arab Emirates 2 142 20 8 United Kingdom 21 122 11 5 United States 51 1 21 1 Uruguay 131 142 58 104 Venezuela, RB 137 142 135 139 Vietnam 31 142 96 58 Yemen, Rep. 72 142 141 114 Zambia 46 142 90 71 Zimbabwe 116 142 128 132
  • 14. 12 2015 Aerospace Manufacturing Attractiveness Rankings PwC 2015 US aerospace manufacturing attractiveness index Methodology PwC analyzed the relative ‘aerospace industry attractive- ness’ of the US in a state-by state comparison. Our study produced an overall ‘attractiveness ranking index’ using a weighted average of the following major elements: taxes, operating costs (industry and overall wage rates, business climate, energy costs), industry size (existing suppliers and supply/growth of workforce including avail- able aerospace technicians, engineers, mechanics), and educational attainment. Changes from prior year Enhancements from last year’s index include the creation of a separate category for tax and the use of effective tax rates instead of statutory rates. Operating costs now reflect both industry wage rates and overall employee wages which provides a better gauge of wage dynamics in the state and a more appropriate weighting to labor (relative to other expenses) in the operating costs category. Finally, the industry ranking now includes employment growth rates (in addition to number of employees) and is based on aero- space companies as well as metal fabricators as opposed to broader manufacturing talent. Complete raw data State Tax rank Opex rank Industry rank Education rank Overall rank Alabama 27 15 18 34 22 Alaska 30 49 42 44 50 Arizona 24 35 23 20 28 Arkansas 40 9 24 47 39 California 34 46 6 4 20 Colorado 12 47 12 8 13 Connecticut 32 50 19 14 33 Delaware 50 43 26 41 49 Florida 14 21 5 12 1 Georgia 8 31 11 16 6 Hawaii 9 44 39 27 37 Idaho 21 6 29 43 27 Illinois 47 12 7 6 11 Indiana 22 18 15 32 18 Iowa 49 4 46 33 41 Kansas 38 37 15 23 32 Kentucky 29 3 14 39 16 Louisiana 23 18 42 35 36 Maine 45 25 30 35 42 Maryland 16 44 28 7 23 Massachusetts 37 42 10 2 21 Michigan 10 25 3 18 2 Minnesota 44 36 13 11 29 Mississippi 11 13 33 48 30 Missouri 4 7 34 24 9 State Tax rank Opex rank Industry rank Education rank Overall rank Montana 18 1 39 38 25 Nebraska 31 29 49 28 43 Nevada 1 31 48 42 40 New Hampshire 48 41 38 25 48 New Jersey 41 48 27 3 37 New Mexico 35 21 50 40 46 New York 20 28 17 1 6 North Carolina 25 9 22 15 10 North Dakota 19 38 41 44 44 Ohio 26 18 1 17 3 Oklahoma 7 9 32 37 16 Oregon 36 21 21 19 26 Pennsylvania 46 27 2 12 18 Rhode Island 43 40 31 29 45 South Carolina 13 2 36 29 14 South Dakota 1 13 47 46 31 Tennessee 15 7 34 26 15 Texas 39 16 4 9 8 Utah 5 29 7 22 4 Vermont 42 38 37 29 46 Virginia 6 34 19 5 5 Washington 28 31 7 10 12 West Virginia 17 4 44 50 33 Wisconsin 33 17 25 20 23 Wyoming 1 21 45 49 35
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  • 16. To have a deeper conversation about the aerospace manufacturing industry and the issues discussed in this paper, please contact: Chuck Marx Principal US Aerospace & Defense Leader 602 364 8161 charles.a.marx@us.pwc.com Scott Thompson Partner US Aerospace & Defense Assurance Leader 703 918 1976 scott.thompson@us.pwc.com James B. Grow Partner US Aerospace & Defense Tax Leader 703 918 3458 james.b.grow@us.pwc.com Gina Reynolds US Aerospace & Defense Marketing Manager 973 236 4648 gina.reynolds@us.pwc.com About the PwC network Creating value for our clients, people and communities in a changing world. PwC helps organizations and individu- als create the value they’re looking for. We’re a network of firms in 157 countries with more than 195,000 people who are committed to deliv- ering quality in assurance, tax, and advisory services. Tell us what matters to you and find out more by visiting us at: www.pwc.com/us. About the PwC Aerospace & Defense practice PwC’s Aerospace & Defense (A&D) practice provides industry-focused assurance, tax, and advisory services to leading A&D companies around the world. We help A&D companies address a full spectrum of industry- specific advisory challenges across areas such as the globalization of A&D, operational improvement, supply chain management, compliance, export controls, government contracting, and information technology. We actively leverage our diverse institutional knowledge, experience, and solutions to provide fresh perspectives and sig- nificant value for our clients. © 2015 PwC. All rights reserved. PwC refers to the PwC network and/or one or more of its member firms, each of which is a separate legal entity. Please see www.pwc.com/structure for further details. This content is for general information purposes only, and should not be used as a substitute for consultation with professional advisors. MW-15-1987 LL