3. Section List
1. Introduction
2. Applications
3. GFX Key Features
4. Gasoline & Diesel Fuel Problems & Solutions
5. Effect of fuel system deposits on performance & drive-ability
6. GFX Active ingredients
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4. Key features of GFX
Applications
GFX can be used in any application or equipment that uses diesel or petrol. Examples include:
• Diesel Powered Vessels
• Generators
• Fuel Storage Tanks
• Trucks
• Loaders, Excavators, Dozers
Introduction
Green Fuel Max (GFX) is a high performance diesel fuel additive specially formulated
to improve fuel efficiency, protect your investment, and provide ongoing
optimization for your fuel system. A completely organic product, GFX offers an
all-in-one solution that is both highly effective and environmentally safe.
Solubilises liquid water into the fuel. Reduces or eliminates the conditions
favourable to the growth of microorganisms.
Stabilises fuel by inhibiting the formation of
gums and varnish.
Inhibits corrosion of fuel system components.
2.
Promotes a uniform fuel spray pattern in
combustion chambers, thus reducing
carbonisation and improving combustion
efficiency.
Inhibits formation of corrosive acids in
combustion chambers.
5. Gasoline & Diesel Fuel
PROBLEM: Water
Water is a major source of problems in fuel systems. No matter how well refined the original fuel, water
can subsequently enter the fuel in a number of ways:
• During transport
• During storage at the distribution point
• During transfer from tank to tank
• During storage in the vehicle tank itself
While poor practices in the fuel distribution system may enable water to infiltrate the fuel, the primary
cause is condensation in fuel storage tanks.
Left untreated, water in hydrocarbon fuels tends to separate, leaving water to accumulate at the bottom
of tanks, on metal surfaces in storage tanks, and in fuel lines, carburetors, and fuel injectors. This water
promotes corrosion, catalyses decomposition of the fuel itself, and allows micro-organisms to thrive at
the fuel-water interface. In extreme cases - particularly in diesel fuels - mats of micro-organisms can
form in fuel tanks. Pieces of the matting can break off, blocking fuel lines and injectors, and causing
severe engine problems. Sulphur-reducing bacteria also thrive in these conditions. Feeding off the
sulphur compounds in the fuel, these bacteria produce hydrogen sulphide that in turn reacts to form
corrosive sulphur compounds.
SOLUTION:
GFX eliminates one of the prime causes of fuel problems – liquid water in the fuel.
The detergents in GFX solubilise the free water and allow it to form a homogeneous mixture with the
hydrocarbon fuel. The oxygenates present in GFX assist this process by acting as coupling agents to
promote the dissolution of water in fuel. Water dispersed into the fuel in this way is vaporised during
normal combustion of the fuel and passes harmlessly from the engine along with the other products of
combustion.
PROBLEM: Fuel system deposits
Gasoline (petrol) and diesel are complex mixtures comprising hundreds of individual hydrocarbon
compounds as well as a small proportion of nitrogen, sulphur, and oxygen-containing compounds
(heteroatom compounds). The composition of fuels also varies with feedstock, season, and with refinery
blending practice. Of the many compounds making up hydrocarbon fuels, olefins, diolefins, high boiling
components, and heteroatom compounds (together with moisture and atmospheric oxygen) are
responsible for most of the problems associated with fuel quality. The fluid catalytic cracking unit of the
refinery is a major source of these substances and if proper sweetening or after-treatment processes are
inadequate, their presence can be particularly troublesome.
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Problems & Solutions
6. Olefins and diolefins are susceptible to oxidation and polymerisation and are largely responsible for the
formation of gums and varnishes in fuel systems and engines.
Deposition of these materials in critical fuel metering components of engines, such as carburettors and
fuel injectors, and in intake ports and valves, is the principal cause of poor engine performance and
drivability problems.
SOLUTION:
GFX has been developed primarily as a modern high performance additive to control the formation of
undesirable compounds in fuel that contribute to the formation of engine deposits; and to minimise the
effect of liquid water on fuel quality. The detergents in GFX have been proven to assist in keeping
intake valves clean, thus promoting both the correct spray pattern in the combustion chamber and the
clean combustion of the fuel. As the performance of engines becomes even more demanding, the
requirement for clean fuel to achieve maximum economy and performance will increase. GFX
represents a significant advance in achieving control over fuel quality at every stage of the fuel delivery
system.
Detergents are the major active component of GFX. They are essential for maintaining fuel systems free
from liquid water as described above. In addition, detergents inhibit the formation of deposits in the
fuel system, reduce NOx emissions and play a part in the observed reduction of carbon emissions when
using GFX.
The mechanism for this latter effect is due to the ability of the detergents to function in both the liquid
and the vapour phase to prevent deposit formation and remove existing carbon. This function may be
enhanced by the catalytic effect of oxygenates present in GFX.
PROBLEM: INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION
Incomplete combustion is caused when the air/fuel mixture of an engine is incorrect, and this is usually
a result of fouled or dirty fuel injectors. The end result of incomplete combustion from Diesel engines
is black smoke, typically full of particles such as carbon and soot that are not being burned as fuel. Not
only harmful to the environment, black smoke and the underlying incomplete combustion represents
reduced fuel efficiency and increased fuel cost.
Solution:
In field trials spanning more than a decade, GFX has been shown to promote cleaner burning of
hydrocarbon fuels. By maintaining the correct fuel spray pattern in combustion chambers, GFX works in
two ways:
1. It reduces carbonization; and
2. It improves combustion efficiency
Hydrocarbon fuels are complex mixtures of hundreds of different compounds and the reaction
pathways during combustion are extremely complex and far from fully understood. The addition of
significant levels of oxygenates (>.0.1%) are known to alter pre-flame reaction pathways. The
oxygenates in GFX, in conjunction with the detergents, catalyse more efficient fuel combustion resulting
in improved fuel economy and clearer emissions.
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PROBLEM: CORROSION
Water in fuel systems that contain metal will cause rust and corrosion of these parts. Where there is
water, oxygen and metal, there will be rust and corrosion
SOLUTION:
Removing liquid water from fuel systems is the first and most important step in reducing corrosion in fuel
systems. GFX contains corrosion inhibitors that coat the metal surfaces of the fuel system and inhibit any
residual corrosion due to water dispersed in the fuel. GFX inhibits the copper catalysed oxidation of
unsaturated hydrocarbons that leads to the formation of gums and varnishes.
PROBLEM: FUEL STABILITY
During storage, hydrocarbon fuels are subject to deterioration mainly as a result of oxidation and copper
catalysed reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons to form gums.
SOLUTION:
GFX is not an anti-oxidant but inhibits the formation of gums as described above. In addition, and most
importantly, GFX contributes to fuel stability by maintaining a fuel system free from liquid water,
considerably reducing the tendency of the fuel to become “sour”
PROBLEM: Bacterial growth
During transport and storage, fuel is often decanted many times from tank to tank, and whether through
condensation or leakage, moisture is able to infiltrate the fuel. Fungal spores, yeast, and bacteria are
commonly found in almost any environment and a fuel tank provides the perfect breeding ground for the
growth and spread of these contaminants. The most common of these is “Cladisporium Resinae” - the
Diesel Bug. At its worst, serious infestations can cause complete breakdowns, however even mild levels
of contaminants can quickly lead to fuel degradation and costly maintenance.
SOLUTION:
GFX disperses the water into the fuel slowly, allowing the water to be burned off. Bacteria can’t live
without the presence of water, nor can it reproduce. By eliminating and controlling any water in the
entire fuel system, bacteria growth is eliminated. Actual testing has demonstrated that GFX will solubilise
water in the fuel and will actually emulsify the water into the fuel. The addition of GFX does not interfere
with the action of on board water separators that only separate free water.
8. 6.
PROBLEM: PRESENCE OF SULPHUR
Sulphur is present to some degree in all fuels, particularly diesel fuels. It can react with other materials
and cause corrosion and the introduction of ultra low sulphur diesel also gave rise to lubricity issues, in
particular boundary lubrication.
With insufficient boundary lubrication within fuel injection equipment excessive and accelerated wear
can be expected and premature failures thereafter. The areas most affected by this are fuel pumps
without external lubrication sources. Typically this applies to individual cylinder reciprocating fuel pumps
or common rail pumps. Failures such as this would be extremely costly, not only in financial terms, but
also in terms of safety and lost time.
Ultra low sulphur diesel has also been associated with rapid corrosion when contaminated by ethanol,
which can occur due to switch loading. This is process of using the same fuel haulage tankers to
transport different types of fuel. Residual ethanol in tankers contains the acetobacter microbe, and in the
presence of water, it rapidly multiplies in the diesel fuel. This bacterial growth produces acetic acid,
which leads to corrosion in the tanks.
SOLUTION:
No additive can change the level of sulphur in a given fuel. However, by eliminating the presence of
liquid water in the fuel system, and by also killng and remove any bacteria in the fuel, the corrosive
process is prevented. GFX also improves boundary lubricity and inhibits the premature formation of
acidic sulphur compounds. It is these acidic sulphur compounds that can attack the sensitive fuel system
components that contact the fuel prior to combustion.
9. GFX Active Ingredients/
GFX is a complex, proprietary blend developed after more than two decades of laboratory and
field-testing. The key ingredients are:
• Surfactants (detergents)
• Oxygenates
• Corrosion inhibitors
Minor components include:
• Metal deactivators
• Deposit modifiers
• Non-active components including dyes for identification, safety, and regulatory purposes
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Composition
THE EFFECT OF FUEL SYSTEM
DEPOSITS ON ENGINE
PERFORMANCE AND DRIVEABILITY
The relatively simple and inefficient carburetted engines of the past could tolerate lower quality, variable
fuel composition. Compared to today’s standards, quite high levels of deposits could be tolerated in the
fuel system without significantly effecting performance or drivability. Deposits in the carburettor body and
air bleed area were the main cause of driving problems (hesitation, surge, and stalls, for example),
increased fuel consumption, and increased exhaust emissions.
By contrast, today’s advanced engine designs incorporating such features as port fuel injection, timed
manifolds, high swirl/fast burn, and multiple valves, need to be kept almost deposit free to avoid
problems and provide acceptable performance. With the introduction of fuel injection, car manufacturers
quickly discovered that even minute traces of deposits in the fuel metering system caused serious
problems. These deposits adversely affected the fuel spray pattern and restricted fuel flow, seriously
affecting drivability and performance. Fuel economy and exhaust emissions were also adversely affected
but were less noticeable to the driver.
Deposits in other parts of the fuel system have also been found to cause performance and drivability
problems in modern engines. Intake port and valve deposits cause loss of power by restricting airflow at
full throttle, and at low throttle speeds lead to increased hydrocarbon and NOx emissions. Valve seat and
valve face deposits cause poor seating, resulting in rough idle and in extreme cases, valve burning.
Deposits in the combustion chamber cause ORI (octane requirement increase), a significant restraint on
engine performance
10. DOSE RATES/DIRECTIONS FOR USE
GFX is added directly to fuel storage tanks to eliminate the problems associated with water
contamination.
In neglected fuel systems, particularly those in which biological contamination has been allowed to build
up, an initial high dose of GFX may be required to eliminate the accumulated water. The detergent
properties of GFX can also assist in the dispersion of biological contamination by breaking up the
accumulated material.
8.
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+852 2785 9098 | +852 2741 4131
info@slsbinternational.com
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CONTACT US
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