Motor Control Altivar Drives basics Briefing
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In this Motor Control Altivar Drives basic briefing we will look at application examples on where variable speed drives are used for Machine - Building - Process. For more details: http://www.schneider-electric.com/en/product-subcategory/2905-low-voltage-ac-machine-drives/?filter=business-1-industrial-automation-and-control&parent-category-id=2900
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Motor Control Altivar Drives basics Briefing
- 1. Altivar drives basics briefing Property of Schneider Electric Simply reliable. Simply available. December 2017
- 2. • Introduction to Altivar Drives What is a variable speed drive Applications examples Basics on motor Advantages of using • How to bypass some constraints EMC and Harmonics • Where to find further details • Quiz Table of content Page 2Property of Schneider Electric |
- 3. What is a variable speed drive? See what’s inside a drive Page 3Property of Schneider Electric |
- 4. Drive constitution Variation of frequency > variation of motor speed Page 4Property of Schneider Electric | T S R D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 Rectifier bridge T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 Inverter C FilterPre-load R S T Filter Smooth voltageRectifier Rectified voltage Inverter Production of AC 3-phase supply — Manage frequency and voltage to the motor um im M 3 ~ U1 & F1 U2 and F2 PWM control
- 5. Application examples Electrical motors are everywhere: in residential, building, and process sectors Page 5Property of Schneider Electric | Washing machines Mixers Garage doors Tower cranes Lifts Water distribution Pumps Air treatment Fans HVAC HVAC
- 6. Application examples Page 6Property of Schneider Electric | Electrical motors are everywhere: in industrial process and machine sectors Material handling Car cart Conveyors Overhead cranes Palletizers Processes Textile machine Paper machine Machines Woodworking Pick and placePackaging
- 7. Application examples Electrical motors are everywhere: in mining, utilities, and water sectors Page 7Property of Schneider Electric | Oil & Gas Oil pump jack Gas pumps Mining Stone crushers Long conveyors Water treatment Settling Settling
- 8. What are the most common motors? The most common Asynchronous — Synchronous Page 8Property of Schneider Electric |
- 9. Principles of asynchronous motors • Asynchronous motor • Magnetic fields rotate (3 coils at 120°) • Squirrel cage rotor Advantages • Simple, robust, and cheap • Good availability • Better efficiency Disadvantages • Slip on rotor speed Basics on motor How asynchronous motors work Page 9Property of Schneider Electric | 50 Hz (3000 rpm) 48 Hz (2880 rpm)
- 10. Principles of synchronous motors • Synchronous motor (PM motors) • Synchronized speed Advantages • Accurate and efficient • Dynamic Disadvantages • Still low notoriety and higher price • Synchronous motor requires drive Basics on motor How synchronous motors work Page 10Property of Schneider Electric | 50 Hz (3000 rpm) Rotor with permanent magnets
- 11. Advantages of using variable speed drives Using drives allows … Page 11Property of Schneider Electric |
- 12. Objective • Optimize energy consumption Solutions • Regulate and adjust the flow using motor instead of the damper Reduced operating costs Air-handling unit Page 12Property of Schneider Electric |
- 13. Flow variation using valves, the motor is fixed speed Drives benefits with pumps and fans The fans power curve (conventional) Page 13Property of Schneider Electric | Power 0% 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Outlet valve Outlet valve Flow
- 14. Flow regulation: 80% of nominal flow Outlet valve The power consumption is 98% of power Variable speed drive The power consumption is ~50% of power Drives benefits with pumps and fans The fans power curve (variable speed drive) Page 14Property of Schneider Electric | Flow Power 0% 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% VSD drive Outlet valve Energy saved about 50%
- 15. Page 15Property of Schneider Electric | • Drives are used in many applications (building, machine, process, etc.) • Drives allow motor speed management and protection of applications • Drives allow energy savings and energy management • Drives have many embedded functions • Electrical motors are more high-efficiency oriented Key points to remember
- 16. How to bypass some constraints EMC and harmonics Solution is available in drives Page 16Property of Schneider Electric |
- 17. Introduction to EMC Main perturbations Page 17Property of Schneider Electric | High-frequency perturbations = Radio frequency interferences Low-frequency perturbations = Harmonics VoltageCurrent Typically to be observed on high-power drives Radiated emission Conducted emission Typically to be observed on low-power drives Mains perturbations = EMC Electromagnetic compatibility
- 18. Radio frequency interferences Conducted and radiated emissions Page 18Property of Schneider Electric | High frequency, 50 kHz to 1 GHz, due to the fast switching (up to 16 kHz) of the motor voltage (PWM of inverter), conducted and emitted. EMC filter Solution is available in drives um i m
- 19. What are harmonics? Page 19Property of Schneider Electric | Real waveform Ideal waveform Low-frequency perturbations +
- 20. Why be concerned about harmonics? Page 20Property of Schneider Electric | 3 effects • Energy efficiency • Over sizing • Electrical perturbation Increase IRMS, transformer (IRMS), cable size, and circuit breaker. High cost Reduce OPEX Optimize line current, protect against perturbations Solution is available with the adapted filter
- 21. • Click here to find info on SE.com • Click here to find Altivar range on SE.com • Click here to access our Digicat • Click here to access to CAD files • Click on the link below for FAQs (frequently asked question) Where to find details Page 21Property of Schneider Electric |
- 22. Property of Schneider Electric | Quiz Based on what you’ve learned so far, try to answer to this quiz ? Page 22 Q1 What is the drive basic constitution? Q2 Where can you find drives? Q3 What are the most common motors? Q4 Are variable speed drive increasing energy consumption?
- 23. Property of Schneider Electric | Quiz answers Q1 What is the drive basic constitution? A drive is constituted by: a rectifier, a filter and an inverter Q2 Where can you find drives? You find drives in: water distribution , pump , garage doors… Q3 What are the most common motors? The most common are: Asynchronous – Synchronous Q4 Are variable speed drive increasing energy consumption? No, variable speed drive are improving energy efficiency Page 23 Answers
- 24. Thank you Page 24Property of Schneider Electric |
Hinweis der Redaktion
- I propose to see rapidly and very simply what is inside a drive, on an electrical point of view.
- Comments: The drive is mainly made of a Power part (picture) and a control part where all application I/O are connected (start stop, reverse, speed and other functions in relation with the application) this part embed the communication connections. Core of drive is embedded power Electronic. Input section of the drive is the Rectifier, made of six diodes, allow conversion AC power to DC power. Next section, the Filter section, is supplied by the rectified voltage. The Filter section smoothes the waveform, according to capacitor actions. Smoother is the DC bus, better is the signal output of the drive. Result will give accurate motor control and torque stability. Last section, the Inverter, is supplied by the DC bus. This section transform DC voltage to AC voltage. Then it is possible to control the voltage and frequency of the motor signal. The Energy is coming from Electrical supply (Voltage U1 and Frequency F1) and, according to the regulation system, will be transferred to Motor (Voltage U2 and Frequency F2). The motor is transforming electric signal into Speed and Torque. Reminder: A drive is able to convert a fixed input signal in a frequency and voltage variable signal applied to the motor.
- Regarding Industrial sector, from the material handling up to the process, it is possible also to enter into complex machine automatism. The way to use a drive can be done differently if this is considered as a simple actuator of if it is used with those integrated functions. Let us take an example of a Crane. When the crane is loaded, at the moment start is required, there is a braking function enabling the motor brake to open at the right time to ensure movement will be fluid:This function (Braking logic) is embedded and can be managed totally by the drive. This is an equivalent of your handbrake management with a car… Several examples can be taken as our drives embed lots of functions for applications.
- Those example of applications, you imagine is the visible part of the Iceberg. The Process point of view will be highlighted with our last range of “service oriented drive”, the Altivar Process. You will discover meaning of this wording as well as new product simplicity with the multitude of embedded services for our customers. This new range of products had been developed according to customers requirements, they have been involved very early in the project, you will see that on the second part with ATV6xx and ATV9xx.
- Many type of electrical motors exists, we are not talking on DC motors (old fashioned , they are less and less used because several reason including higher maintenance level). Otherwise, the efficiency of motors is an important point. Objective of the two following slides is to show the principle of very common motors. Asynchronous motors, and synchronous motors arriving on the market, according to its good efficiency. Today the most part of applications is still done with asynchronous, but future trend will improve the synchronous part of motor. Let us discover the differences between those two motors in order to help you to better understand some customers comments.
- That would be a long time to have a complete overview of advantages when using drives. Here is an example of what is possible to perform according to Drives usage, let us see an example of energy management.
- Customer needs are to manage application without taking care on how it is done. Our experience in Drives will give the solution in order to meet those requirements. Those Phenomena are due to electrical signals. There are adapted solutions to ensure proper management of the motor and make drive fully transparent allowing to ensure its original behavior:Make the application running properly, efficiently, and as a sustainable way.
- The EMC is divided in two parts linked to the related frequencies. Low frequencies represents the harmonics, and high frequencies represents the Radio Frequencies Interferences. Harmonics are mentioned in Voltage as well as Current. EMC will be treated on both the emitted and the conducted ways.
- There is no radiation without conduction. These perturbations are existing on both sides, drive input and motor side.