4. Giffgaff - gaelic for mutual giving
reflected in their manifesto
Social CRM : member gets member,
eVouchers, goodybags
Customer service is member driven
Giffgaff labs – crowdsourcing product
testing
Payback for miles, cash or charities
Introduction
6. Economic development consists of three
distinguishable stages of invention, innovation and
imitation
An ’invention’ is an idea, a sketch or model for a
new or improved device, product, process or
system.
An ’innovation’ is accomplished with the
commercial transactions of the product, process,
system or device.
Joseph Schumpeter
Introduction
10. Introduction
• Place - changes in geography, time, physical
resources and budget
• Platform – enriching how information is produced
and consumed
• People – modifying the frame of reference
• Practice - impacting the reality of management
Schlenker (2015)
12. Introduction
From 1950 to the mid-1960’s, fast
economic growth allowed for a strong
‘technology push’
Companies focused predominantly on
scientific breakthroughs
Innovation is a simple linear process
with emphasis on R&D
Market information (customer demands)
are integrated very late in the process
Roy Rothwell
Laser Technologies
13. The mid 1960’s to early 1970 were
characterized by a ‘market shares battle’
Because of increasing competition, companies
to shift their development focus to a ‘need
pull’
The central focus is responding to the
market’s needs.
Too much emphasis on improving existing
products to meet market needs
Roy Rothwell
Telephones, Baidu
Introduction
14. Introduction
From the mid 1970’s to the mid-
1980’s are marked by inflation and
stagflation
Strategic focus was on corporate
consolidation and product
portfolios’
R&D and marketing play a
balanced role in cost reductions
The focus is on technological
opportunities rather than societal
needs
Research
Knowledge
Potential
market
Invent and/or
produce
analytic
design
Detailed
design and
test
Redesign
and
product
Distribute
and
market
D I S
D: Direct link to and from researchfrom problems ininvention and design
I: Support ofscientific research by instruments, machines, tools
S: Support of researchinsciences underlying the product areas
K K K
Roy Rothwell
ATMs
16. EXTERNAL INPUTS:
societal needs;
competitors;
supplier partnerships;
distributors;
customers;
strategic alliances.
EXTERNAL INPUTS:
scientific and technological
development;
competitors;
suppliers;
customers;
university departments.
Organisation and
business strategy
EXTERNAL INPUTS:
macro factors
ROI
costs;
competition.
Organisation’s
knowledge base
accumulates
knowledge
over
time
New products
Source: Trott, 2005
Spotify and the
music industry
Introduction
17. The use of purposive inflows and outflows of
knowledge to accelerate internal innovation, and
expand the markets for external use of
innovation, respectively.
Introduction
18. • InnoCentive is an "open innovation" company
that tackles research an development problems
• Open Innovation suggests that innovation is
more likely to come from a community than from
an organization
• The model addresses problems in
engineering, computer science, math, the
physical sciences and business.
• Cash awards are given for solving challenge
problems typically from $10,000 to $100,000.
Introduction