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Cisco CCNA module 7
1.
1© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Module 7 Ethernet Technologies
2.
222© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Objectives
3.
333© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Types of Ethernet
4.
444© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Types of Ethernet • 1980s---The 10-Mbps Ethernet standard remained virtually unchanged until 1995 when IEEE announced a standard for a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet • The standards for Gigabit Ethernet emerged in only three years. • An even faster Ethernet version, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, is now widely available and still faster versions are being developed • 10BASE5, 10BASE2, and 10BASE-T Ethernet are now considered Legacy Ethernet
5.
555© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Parameters for 10 Mbps Ethernet Operation
6.
666© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Ethernet Frame
7.
777© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Manchester Encoding • In this technique, the actual binary data to be transmitted over the cable are not sent as a sequence of logic 1's and 0's • Manchester encoding follows the rules shown below:
8.
888© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Manchester Encoding Examples
9.
999© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id 10BASE5 Architecture Example Thicknet • Bus topology • Coaxial cable Heavy Hard to work with • Half-duplex • 500m • 5-4-3-2-1 rule • Manchester Encoding
10.
101010© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id 10BASE2 Network Design Limits Thinnet • Bus topology • Coaxial cable Lighter Easier to work with • BNC connectors • Half-duplex • 185m • 5-4-3-2-1 rule • Manchester Encoding
11.
111111© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id 5-4-3 Repeater Rule • 10-Mbps Ethernet operates within the timing limits offered by a series of not more than five segments separated by no more than four repeaters. This is known as the 5-4-3 rule. • No more than four repeaters may be connected in series between any two distant stations. There can also be no more than three populated segments between any two distant stations • NOTE: This only applies to the old 10Mbps coax and does NOT apply to twisted pair
12.
121212© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id 10BASE-T Repeated Network Design Limits Star Topology • UTP cable Lighter Easier to work with Cheaper Solid or stranded • RJ-45 connectors • Half-duplex or full-duplex • 100m(90 + 10) • Manchester Encoding • Linked hubs add to distance and delay
13.
131313© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id 10BASE-T Modular Jack Pinouts
14.
141414© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Parameters for 100-Mbps Ethernet Operation •100-Mbps Ethernet is also known as Fast Ethernet. •Operates in full duplex and half duplex mode The two technologies that have become important are •100BASE-TX, which is a copper UTP medium •100BASE-FX, which is a multimode optical fiber medium
15.
151515© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Ethernet Frame
16.
161616© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id MLT-3 Encoding If the next data signal is a '1' then the output 'transitions' to the next bit in the pattern e.g. if the last output bit was a '-1', and the input bit is a '1', then the next output bit is a '0'. If the next data signal is a '0' then there is no transition which means that the next output bit is the same as last time, in our case a '0'. 100Base-Tx Uses MLT-3 rather than Manchester encoding
17.
171717© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id 100BASE-TX Modular Jack Pinout
18.
181818© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Example of Architecture Configuration and Cable Distances
19.
191919© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Types of Ethernet
20.
202020© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id 1000-Mbps Ethernet ---Gigabit • The 1000-Mbps Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet standards IEEE 802.3z represent transmission using both fiber and copper media. • The 1000BASE-LXand SX standard, IEEE 802.3ab, specifies 1 Gbps full duplex over optical fiber. • The 1000BASE-X standard, IEEE 802.3ab, specifies 1 Gbps full duplex over twisted pair cable. • At the physical layer, the bit patterns from the MAC layer are converted into symbols. • Views the link as Point-to-point.
21.
212121© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Parameters for Gigabit Ethernet Operation
22.
222222© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Ethernet Frame
23.
232323© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Outbound (Tx) 1000Base-T Signal
24.
242424© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Actual 1000Base-T Signal Transmission
25.
252525© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Benefits of Gigabit Ethernet on Fiber
26.
262626© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Gigabit Ethernet Layers
27.
272727© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id 1000BASE-SX and LX
28.
282828© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Gigabit Ethernet Media Comparison
29.
292929© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Gigabit Ethernet Architecture Maximum 1000BASE-SX Cable Distances Maximum 1000BASE-LX Cable Distances
30.
303030© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id The 10GB Ethernet • 10-Gbps Ethernet (IEEE 802.3ae) was standardized in June 2002. • It is a full-duplex protocol that uses only optic fiber as a transmission medium. • The maximum transmission distances depend on the type of fiber being used. • When using single-mode fiber as the transmission medium, the maximum transmission distance is 40 kilometers (25 miles).
31.
313131© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Parameters for 10-Gbps Ethernet Operation
32.
323232© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id 10GBASE LX-4 Signal Multiplexing
33.
333333© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id 10-Gigabit Ethernet Implementations
34.
343434© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Framing Format • Frame format is the same, allowing interoperability between all varieties of legacy, fast, gigabit, and 10 Gigabit, with no reframing or protocol conversions. • Any repeater that changes between one Ethernet implementation and another is a Class I repeater
35.
353535© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Future of Ethernet The future of networking media is three-fold: • Copper (up to 1000 Mbps, perhaps more) • Wireless (approaching 100 Mbps, perhaps more) • Optical fiber (currently at 10,000 Mbps and soon to be more) Copper and wireless media have certain physical and practical limitations on the highest frequency signals that can be transmitted. This is not a limiting factor for optical fiber in the foreseeable future. The bandwidth limitations on optical fiber are extremely large and are not yet being threatened. In fiber systems, it is the:- electronics technology (such as emitters and detectors) fiber manufacturing processes that most limit the speed.
36.
363636© 2004, Cisco
Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. www.pnj.ac.id Summary
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