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Natural toxins -,+*#)('& %$#"!

                                                                                           ۲۰۱۲ ‫ژ"#ړن او ()*+: ,-. (/0. 12-3 4#*. - ۵۲ 78ن‬
                                                                                                             www.larawbar.org : <;#1

                                                                                                                               -0+/ - ۱
    BE ‫@-8ی‬U( ‫20#ل د‬T,‫8ی د ا‬OK‫0@# د‬S ‫ی او‬MF BR8Q BE P"#@( ‫8ی‬OK ‫ی ، د‬MF‫< "#1.ی (<ور و‬K‫ ز‬A2-IH ‫ (208ل‬AF ‫ 48ړو‬BE ‫ د‬AD ‫ دا ده‬B48( A@?-* ‫ددی‬
                                                                            .‫ی‬MF‫3 و‬K B1‫[و‬Z.1‫#رو وړا‬D ‫رو‬Y XW ‫ د‬A*#0TW ‫ او‬B@?0( ،A@-V <H#4

                                                                                                                                  -/32/ - ۲
   ‫ *8ړ‬BE ‫ 48اړه‬A@-V <e( .‫ *<ی‬da‫-[ ارز‬bc@" ‫ *<ی او‬BbQ BF#T@a‫-#ت *`#ره ارز‬W ‫ 78ړ ;8ی دی او ز(8ږ د‬BU] ‫-0-#وی (8ادو‬F ‫ ډول ,<ه د‬A2-IH BE ‫48اړه‬
BE AZ ‫2.اد 18ر‬R 8Z‫ (878د وی او‬AF ‫ 48ړو‬BE ‫ ډول ,<ه‬A2-IH BE B1‫<و‬K‫.ار ز‬f( 3F <Z‫ی. ډ‬gZ‫#د‬Z ‫ ,<ه‬B(#1 BE ‫<و‬K‫ ز‬A2-IH ‫ د‬AD ‫-0-#وی (8اد *<ی‬F ‫.ار ,<ه‬f(
                                                               .A;‫1.ی را‬Y Aj0W <R 818D‫#ر‬k ‫ 48اړه د‬BjF AD AV‫ را‬BR i@( d4‫ و‬BOK ‫ ,<ه‬BhF ‫*8ړه‬

  .‫8ی‬F poW X?; ‫<ی‬K‫ ز‬AZ ‫2.اد 18ر‬R 8Z <e( ،‫8ی‬F ‫8ره‬n d*#W Am@4 BT,‫8*8 ورو‬UE ‫0< او‬UR ،8*‫.و‬l B?* 818?@-UR 8I,#@( ‫ د‬A; ‫-.ای‬F d4‫ و‬A@-V B1‫<و‬K‫دا ز‬

                                                                                                                     -,‫۳ - /56 !"#$% ز89و‬

                                                                                                                     Aflatoxin >#)('& =<‫ا‬
  #Z‫@08، 78ارو ، او‬n B?* 8R#"8IW 8?1‫ *<و‬B1‫ دا‬BE Y802( re@q ‫. دا‬AV‫ را‬BR i@( Bs,‫ وا‬BE re@q Aspergillus flavus ‫ د‬AD ‫< دی‬K‫ ز‬A?1‫وو‬gZ‫#ن ز‬H<, 8Z
 ‫ ذ4-<ه‬BE #Z ‫ او‬BU] Xv#W Pq‫ ر‬B* A?U( AD A; ‫-.ای‬F Au8" A?1‫ *<و‬B1‫. دا‬A*‫1.ی راو‬Y Aj0W Aj`4 <R 3K ‫ او "#دام او "#دام‬BTcE ،[O(‫#ر‬D B?* A?1‫[ *<و‬O(
                                                                                         .‫ی‬g-F ‫-.ا‬E 3K AF ‫ ;.و‬BE {-cF#uzq‫ی. ا‬MF ‫#ب‬x( AF B1#4

                                                                                                                    Amygdalin >#A‫ا/#?@ا‬
   AD ‫8ه (#ده‬Z ‫ ډول ,<ه‬A2-IH BE AF.@( 8*‫ زردا‬B4<R ‫ زرد آو دی. د‬B4<R AZ X" ‫ 48اږه او‬AZ 8Z ، ‫ ;8ی‬X~Z‫ و‬B*‫ دوه ډو‬BE B4‫ اړ‬B* d-}81 ‫8 د‬F.@( ‫زرد آ*8 د‬
<e( A; A*8"•7 ‫.ار ,<ه‬f( 3F BE AZ ‫#ن ".ن‬c1‫ د ا‬AD ‫ی‬g-F €I, .-*8R ‫.و18 د‬Z#1#-, ‫ د‬AF B•-T1 BE ‫-.و‬F [-*‫.رو‬Z#K ‫، *<ی. او د د‬AZ‫ وا‬amygdalin BR‫ور‬
  ‫20#ل‬T,‫ د ا‬BOK ‫ دی، 18 د‬A?1‫ (#دی *<و‬A@-} 3K AF.@( 8*‫س او آ‬z-Q ،A‚( ،8*#To; ‫# زړو ،د‬Z 8F.@( ‫وه د د زردآ*8 د‬z} .‫ *<ی‬d-v#4 ‫<ی‬K‫ ز‬AZ ‫.ار‬f( ‫*8ړ‬
                                                                                                                     .A;‫. 48د داری و‬Z#" BU]

                                                                                                                             Lectin >#CB#A
‫ (0?{ د (2.ی‬AD ‫ی‬gZ‫#د‬Z ‫ ,<ه‬B(#1 BE Phytohaemagglutinins BR‫ ډول ور‬A0j} BE #Z lectin ‫< د‬K‫ ډول ,<ه (878د ز‬A2-IH BE AF #-"8* BD‫ ,<ه و‬BE
B…@( B* <K‫، 18 دا ز‬A; ‫~8ل‬Z‫8 *`#ره و ا‬f-k‫ او "-# د ۰۱ د‬A; ‫1.ه‬Y AF ‫ (8ده‬BE 818T}#, ۱۲ ‫ ډول ,<ه د‬Xk‫. ا‬W BE #-"8* AD BjF .A; X(Y ‫<اق‬oT,‫د درد او ا‬
                                                                                                                                         .AV

                                                                                                        Glycoalkaloids 3E=BA‫+ ا‬BE=D
  A?1‫ ر1† *<و‬B@; ‫ د‬BT,‫ ور‬BU] ‫-.و‬U(#U( ‫< ,<ه د‬l ‫#*8 د‬hF AD BjF <e( .‫3 دی‬F AZ ‫.راد‬f( ‫. *<ی او‬AZ‫ وا‬glycoalkaloids BR‫ ور‬AD <K‫8 ز‬Z 8*#hF ‫8ل‬u
 i@( AZ d-"#x( .Z.; B,‫< او‬R .‫8ری *-.ل ;8ی دی‬E B,‫< او‬R AF ‫<ام‬Q8j-F <E B(‫<ا‬Q Aj( ۷۶۰۰ <R AZ d‡jn ‫ی او‬g-R#Z‫ ز‬AZ ‫.ار‬f( 81‫.و‬Zz?*‫?8ا‬ZzQ ‫ 18 د‬A;
، ‫8ی‬F ‫ ([ه‬B4<R 3K #-" <e(، ‫ی وی‬MF ‫ *-<ی‬B4<" B@; BU] 8*#hF ‫ د‬A,#R AD BOK ‫ د‬BT,‫. ور‬A;‫. ډډه و‬Z#" BU] ‫#*-8 د 48ړو‬hF 8@; ‫< د‬e( .‫ دی راوړی‬B1 BR
            .‫ی‬MF ‫#ی او ذ4-<ه‬V BE ‫#ی‬V AF 818Z#V 8D‫8 او و‬UZ ، ‫-#ره‬R ّ‫ پ‬BOK 81 AjU1‫#*8 (8 ;-{ ر1† وا‬hF AD ‫8اړي‬n ‫-<ی‬D BF .A; ‫ 48ړل‬B1‫. و‬Z#" BOK

                                                                                                                             Patulin >#A+GF
  AD A‚( BOK .‫8ی‬F 3F‫<ا‬R <Z‫ ډ‬AF ‫ ;#و48ا‬BE 34‫ د ز‬Y802( <K‫ ,<ه و*<ی. دا ز‬B(#1 BE Patulin ‫< د‬K‫8 ز‬Z AD A; ‫-.ای‬F A‚( A"‫# 4<ا‬Z A‚( A?1‫#رچ *<و‬k
                                           .A~1‫#ده و‬oT,‫ ا‬BU]‫ ور‬AF 8*‫ 78س او ,#س 78ړو‬BE #R‫و‬z} ‫ او‬A;‫ ډډه و‬AZ BU] 8*‫. د 48ړ‬Z#" ‫ز43 و*<ی‬

                                                                                                                  -,‫9ی 0+اړه او ز89و‬IH
  Y802( <Z‫8*8 ډ‬u <R ‫ی. 1{ ورځ‬gZ‫#د‬Z ‫ 18م ,<ه‬BE algal toxin ‫ی د‬gZ.-*8R Bs,‫ وا‬BE A•*‫ د ا‬AD <K‫8م ز‬F .‫8ن *<ی‬T; A•*‫# ا‬Z ‫اوی‬M; Y802( AF 81</" BE
 BE Diarrhetic shelfish poson (DSP) ‫او‬              Amnesiac shelfish poison (ASP) ‫ او‬Paralytic Shelfish Poisons (PSP) ‫< دی د‬K‫ز‬
                 .‫#رت دی‬I} BU] scombrotoxic fish poisoning ‫ او‬ciguatera poisoning B?* 3K ‫2.اد 18ر‬R 8Z #R‫و‬z} .‫ی‬gZ‫#د‬Z ‫10818 ,<ه‬

                                                                                                                           A >#/'GE‫?9 او و‬M
   ‫<ف ور,8ی ، د‬x( BE AF ‫8 48ړو‬j`4 BE ‫#(-{ ای‬bZ‫<ه و‬Z‫ د ډ‬AF d4‫ و‬BE X0W ‫ د‬B…a ‫8ه‬Z ‫-<ی‬D BF <e( ‫ *<ی‬da‫< ارز‬Z‫ ډ‬AF ‫ 48ړو‬BE ‫<د‬q <K ‫#(-{ ای د‬bZ‫و‬
  BU] 82"#@( A}8@x( 3K #Z ‫ او‬BU] ‫8 48ړو‬OK ‫. د‬Z#" ‫8ی‬OK ‫ ا({ وی‬BE BU] ‫81[ی‬T, ‫ دی‬B* AUa AD <H#4 BE ‫ی. 18 ددی‬g-F X(Y ‫-.و‬F ‫•<ره‬T( ‫7@-{ د‬
                  .‫ت وی‬Y8x/( ‫ 18ر‬Ajn‫ را‬BR ‫س‬Y BU] BOK ‫3 د‬K #Z ‫< او‬e7 A; ‫-.ای‬F ‫ی. دا 48اړه‬MF‫ وی، 48د داری و‬A?1‫8و‬jZ80R ‫#(-{ ای‬bZ‫ د و‬AD

                                                                                                            Mycotoxin >#)('& +BE'/
  BF 81 .‫-# *<ی‬R‫8ذ وړ‬o1 ‫ د‬AF ‫ 48ړو‬BE ‫-<(~’8د وی او‬n ، mycotoxin A@2Z ‫8*-.وی‬R AD <K‫8م ز‬F <e( ‫‘ "#1.ی (~’8د وی‬s, BE ‫ د 48ړو‬Y802( B18ce@q
‫-8 او‬n‫8 1#رو‬ojTU( ‫ی وی او د‬MF “Z‫[ر‬R AF ‫ 48ړو‬BE B180-jcZ#( Aj`4 BOK AD BT; ‫0#ل‬TW‫3 ددی ا‬K #-" ، ‫ی‬MF 3K ‫ *-<ی‬re@q BU] A/s, ‫-<ی د 48ړو د‬D
                                                                                                      .A; ‫-.ای‬F 3K X(Y ‫ د (<ګ‬d4‫ و‬A@-V

    8] ‫ د‬B18ce@q BE ‫‘ "#1.ی‬s, BE BOK ‫ 18 د‬A; ‫-•8دل‬F AF ‫#ل‬Z<-E#D ‫<م‬Q 8Z BE Bj?u BD‫-<ی و‬D BF .‫8ی‬F ‫ وده‬Ba AF ‫#ل‬Z<-E#D ‫8ب‬H<( ‫<م او‬Q BE B18ce@q
8] ‫ د‬B18ce@q BE ‫‘ "#1.ی‬s, BE BOK ‫ 18 د‬A; ‫-•8دل‬F AF ‫#ل‬Z<-E#D ‫<م‬Q 8Z BE Bj?u BD‫-<ی و‬D BF .‫8ی‬F ‫ وده‬Ba AF ‫#ل‬Z<-E#D ‫8ب‬H<( ‫<م او‬Q BE B18ce@q
                                                                                                          .‫ی‬MF‫ و‬X-E ‫ وده‬BE AF ‫<ځ‬R BE 8V‫ور‬

                                                                                                         Cucurbitacin >#O'G#H‫(+(+ر‬
 BjF ‫ ([ه‬BOK ‫ د‬BjIF B* ‫ ,<ه (878د وی. ددی‬B(#1 BE cucurbitacin ‫-{ د‬cF#u A?1‫-.و‬F Pk‫ ,<ه وا‬X?; A2-IH BE 8Z AD A; ‫-.ای‬F BjF BjF 3K AF ‫.و‬F BE
                                                               .‫— دی‬Z‫ را‬AF –1‫8ر‬F B*8u BE cucurbitacae ‫-{ د‬cF#u #Z <K‫ وه. دا ز‬B4<R ‫<ه‬Z‫ ډ‬BjF#1

       .‫ ([ه و*<ی‬B4<R #Z ‫@. "8ی‬R AD A~1‫#ده و‬oT,‫ ا‬BU] 8e1‫.و او "#در‬F BOK ‫ی. د‬g-F X(Y ‫08 د درد او ا,’#ل‬jF ‫<اق، د‬oT,‫8 48ړل د ا‬e1‫<48 "#در‬R ‫<و‬Z‫د ډ‬

                                                                                                              Saponins >#,+QP
            AZ €-F<R ‫-0-#وی‬F Ajv‫ی. ا‬MF ‫ ]† 78ړ‬A18"#v ‫ د او"8 ,<ه د‬A; A*8F 3K ‫ ,<ه‬d‡jn <Z‫ ډ‬BE AD ‫ (8اد دی‬AR#I1 X/@( AF 8"‫ او‬BE {-18`v
                               .‫8ی‬j-?~R ، ‫ی‬gZ‫#د‬Z ‫ ,<ه‬B(#1 BE sapongenin ‫ دی د‬BU] .@k ‫ دی‬BR<E AD d0ck 8Z aglycone ‫ او د‬glycoside

 ‫ دوه‬BE AU( B* da‫-0-#وی 78ړ‬F ‫ د‬BOK ‫ی. او د‬g-F X(Y ‫<اق‬fT,‫8 او ا‬RY#’,‫-# *<ی. د ا‬R‫8*8 وړ‬F [ZY80-K ‫8 د‬R#Z‫<و‬F ‫ د ,<و‬A@Z‫ ([ه *<ی او د و‬B4<R {-18`v
                                                                 .‫ی‬gZ‫#د‬Z ‫ ,<ه‬B(#1 BE {-18`v .Z8@-E<`Z<u ‫˜ل او‬Z‫-<و‬b, ‫ د‬AD ‫ ;8ی دی‬X~Z‫"<48 و‬

   BE .‫او *<ی‬MR ‫ "#1.ی‬BjW<( BE 801 ‫– او د‬bZ‫ ورا‬BE ‫#ت‬I1 ‫ د‬AZ d‡jn ‫ی او‬g-F ‫-.ا‬E AF 84<" A1." ‫8ل‬u BE BOK ‫8 او د‬R#R#I1 8*8u BE 3*#} ‫8 د‬R#R#I1 ‫#"8 د‬F <K‫دا ز‬
                                                 .‫ی‬g-F ‫-.ا‬E AF Bf;‫8ر "#1•#ن او ر‬R ، 8‚( ، 8*#hF ، A*8F‫8س، "<ا‬Q<`,‫#*™ ، ا‬E ، Aj`0( ،‫@.ر‬OD ، 8@-"#Z8,

                                                                                                                Oxalic acid 3#O‫ ا‬S#A‫ا‬RD‫ا‬
   B* d-*#2q ‫<دی‬Q ‫20#ل ,<ه‬T,‫ ا‬BE ‫<و‬K‫ی، *<ی. ددی ز‬gZ‫#د‬Z ‫ ,<ه‬B(#1 BE ‫-@8ن‬F‫<ا‬T1‫[ا*-™ ا,-. او ا‬Q‫ د او‬AD <K‫.ار ,<ه ز‬f( ‫ *8ړ‬BE Aš#E BOK ‫ د‬Y802( –•E
           .‫ی‬g-,‫<ف ور‬x( BE AZ Bk#, ‫8ازی‬Z ‫ او‬A~1‫#ده و‬oT,‫. ا‬Z#" BU] 8š#E ‫•– د‬E ‫< د‬H#4 BE ‫@-8ی‬U( ‫81[ی د‬T, ‫ی. د‬g-F €I, ‫8ی او د (<ګ‬F‫ ور‬B,Y

                                                                       ‫ی؟‬Y(‫*#+ی و‬W/ %( ‫+ 0+ړو‬XQ0 -F -WU ‫*?- د !"#$% ز89و‬U - ۴
   ‫1.ی‬Y‫ د‬AD A; A*8F A,#R #-" <e( .‫ی‬g-,‫<ف ور‬x( BE ‫ ډول ,<ه‬A*‫8ا‬T( BE ‫<ه ا1.ازی ,<ه‬Z‫ ډ‬BE AD ‫ی‬g-(#0R BF#1<s4 <Z‫ ډ‬d4‫ و‬BOK ‫8ازی‬Z ‫<و‬K‫ ز‬A2-IH
                                                      :A*‫ راو‬d•0F AF BOK BE 3K #Z ‫@-8ی او‬U( BU] 8R‫ د 1#وړه ا›<ا‬BOK ‫ 1-8*8 ,<ه، د‬AF ‫#م‬E BE 8?u
                                                                   .‫ی‬MF‫ ډډه و‬BU] ‫<ف‬x( ‫8 18ع 48ړو د‬Z ‫8ازی‬Z A@2Z ‫+ 48اړه و48ری‬jTU( - ۱
    ‫ ډول‬i-K BE ، ‫-<ه وی‬R AZ Bb-1 #•f1‫ د ا‬AD BU] ‫ 48ړو‬BOK‫ د‬AD ‫ی‬MF‫• و‬a8F ،‫-< ;8ی وی‬R d4‫•# و‬f1‫ د ا‬AZ BjF AD AV‫8ر‬n‫ و‬d4‫ و‬BOK ‫۲ - 48اړه‬
                                                             .A; ‫ل‬Me1‫8ی ، ور‬F B-’R ‫ 48اړه‬BR ‫#ن‬c1‫ ا‬BR<-" AD 8R#1‫-8ا‬W 8OK 8j`4 ‫ی او‬M?1‫#ده و‬oT,‫ا‬
                                                      .A; XR#,‫ و‬AF ‫<اد‬Q AT1#, ‫ د‬A•Z‫ در‬BR‫< او آ‬ov ‫ د‬Y802( ‫8ا‬K BUZ BI,#@( BE .Z#" ‫۳ - 48اړه‬
            .‫3 وی‬K B" 3*#, 81 ، ‫ وی‬A2-IH AD A; BOK <K AD d,#Z‫ ووا‬AD ‫8ی‬F AjE B( AF B4<" BE d- 8o/( ‫ د 48ړو د‬B-S<q ‫3 دا‬K d4‫ و‬i-K - ۴
                                                                                .A; B4#E ‫ ا1.ازه‬Aq#F BE ‫-#ر او‬R ‫#ک ډول ,<ه‬E BE .Z#" ‫۵ - 48اړه‬
                            .A; ‫ *-<ی‬A*‫ ډ‬B* ‫8 48ړو‬l#, ‫. د‬Z#" ‫ وی‬A04‫# ز‬Z ‫ی وی ، زده ;8ی‬MF‫ ور‬B,Y B* AZ †1‫ ر‬AD 8I, ‫# (-8و او‬Z ‫ 48ړو‬BOK - ۶
    ‫ل‬MF‫ ډډه و‬BU] ‫<ف‬x( ‫<ی ، د‬j1 ‫ و78د‬AF ‫ 48ړو‬A*802( BE AD ‫#ت‬xU~( ‫3 1#وړه 18ر‬K #Z ‫ ([ه و*<ی او‬B4<R ، AV ‫<ی‬R ‫ 4<اب "8ی‬AD ‫ 48اړه‬BOK - ۷
                                                                                                                                         .A;

                                                                                                                                -XE'F - ۵
 ‫ی. د (~’8دو او‬g-F ‫-.ا‬E AF 81#Q ‫•ا‬n A1‫-8ا‬W ‫8 او‬I, ، ‫ "/<ی 48ړو ، (-8و‬BE #(80} .‫ 78ړ ;8ی دی‬BU] ‫-0-#وی (8اد‬F 8ojTU( ‫ ډول ,<ه د‬A2-IH BE ‫48اړه‬
¢Z BE .Z#" ‫. 48اړه‬A~1 ‫20#ل‬T,‫. ا‬Z#" ،‫ ;8ی وی‬A04‫3 ز‬K #Z ،‫ ,‡‘ و*<ی‬BE B18ce@q AD ‫8م 48اړه‬F ‫ او‬A;‫. ډډه و‬Z#" BU] ‫20#ل‬T,‫-0-#وی (8ادو د ا‬F ‫(•<ه‬
                   .A; Am@4 BOK ، AF ‫8رت‬v BE ‫8ن‬T; ‫<و د‬K‫-@8 ز‬V ‫< ]8 د‬R A; B4#E Ba .Z#" ‫0@# 48اړه‬S .A; XR#,‫ و*<ی و‬d"8H‫3 13 او ر‬F AD ‫#ی‬V

                                                                                                                                        -,‫۶ - /0]و‬
http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/publication/naturaltoxins.pdf
http://www.healthy-eating-politics.com/toxins-in-food.html
http://www.foodsmart.govt.nz/whats-in-our-food/chemicals-nutrients-additives-toxins/specific-foods/
http://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/programme/programme_rafs/files/Press%20kit%20on%20natural%20plant
%20toxin_english.pdf
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/pubs/securit/2009-apricots-abricots/index-eng.php
http://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/programme/programme_rafs/files/ras27_natural_toxin_in_food_plant.pdf

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په خوړو کی طبیعی زهرونه Natural toxins in food

  • 1. Natural toxins -,+*#)('& %$#"! ۲۰۱۲ ‫ژ"#ړن او ()*+: ,-. (/0. 12-3 4#*. - ۵۲ 78ن‬ www.larawbar.org : <;#1 -0+/ - ۱ BE ‫@-8ی‬U( ‫20#ل د‬T,‫8ی د ا‬OK‫0@# د‬S ‫ی او‬MF BR8Q BE P"#@( ‫8ی‬OK ‫ی ، د‬MF‫< "#1.ی (<ور و‬K‫ ز‬A2-IH ‫ (208ل‬AF ‫ 48ړو‬BE ‫ د‬AD ‫ دا ده‬B48( A@?-* ‫ددی‬ .‫ی‬MF‫3 و‬K B1‫[و‬Z.1‫#رو وړا‬D ‫رو‬Y XW ‫ د‬A*#0TW ‫ او‬B@?0( ،A@-V <H#4 -/32/ - ۲ ‫ *8ړ‬BE ‫ 48اړه‬A@-V <e( .‫ *<ی‬da‫-[ ارز‬bc@" ‫ *<ی او‬BbQ BF#T@a‫-#ت *`#ره ارز‬W ‫ 78ړ ;8ی دی او ز(8ږ د‬BU] ‫-0-#وی (8ادو‬F ‫ ډول ,<ه د‬A2-IH BE ‫48اړه‬ BE AZ ‫2.اد 18ر‬R 8Z‫ (878د وی او‬AF ‫ 48ړو‬BE ‫ ډول ,<ه‬A2-IH BE B1‫<و‬K‫.ار ز‬f( 3F <Z‫ی. ډ‬gZ‫#د‬Z ‫ ,<ه‬B(#1 BE ‫<و‬K‫ ز‬A2-IH ‫ د‬AD ‫-0-#وی (8اد *<ی‬F ‫.ار ,<ه‬f( .A;‫1.ی را‬Y Aj0W <R 818D‫#ر‬k ‫ 48اړه د‬BjF AD AV‫ را‬BR i@( d4‫ و‬BOK ‫ ,<ه‬BhF ‫*8ړه‬ .‫8ی‬F poW X?; ‫<ی‬K‫ ز‬AZ ‫2.اد 18ر‬R 8Z <e( ،‫8ی‬F ‫8ره‬n d*#W Am@4 BT,‫8*8 ورو‬UE ‫0< او‬UR ،8*‫.و‬l B?* 818?@-UR 8I,#@( ‫ د‬A; ‫-.ای‬F d4‫ و‬A@-V B1‫<و‬K‫دا ز‬ -,‫۳ - /56 !"#$% ز89و‬ Aflatoxin >#)('& =<‫ا‬ #Z‫@08، 78ارو ، او‬n B?* 8R#"8IW 8?1‫ *<و‬B1‫ دا‬BE Y802( re@q ‫. دا‬AV‫ را‬BR i@( Bs,‫ وا‬BE re@q Aspergillus flavus ‫ د‬AD ‫< دی‬K‫ ز‬A?1‫وو‬gZ‫#ن ز‬H<, 8Z ‫ ذ4-<ه‬BE #Z ‫ او‬BU] Xv#W Pq‫ ر‬B* A?U( AD A; ‫-.ای‬F Au8" A?1‫ *<و‬B1‫. دا‬A*‫1.ی راو‬Y Aj0W Aj`4 <R 3K ‫ او "#دام او "#دام‬BTcE ،[O(‫#ر‬D B?* A?1‫[ *<و‬O( .‫ی‬g-F ‫-.ا‬E 3K AF ‫ ;.و‬BE {-cF#uzq‫ی. ا‬MF ‫#ب‬x( AF B1#4 Amygdalin >#A‫ا/#?@ا‬ AD ‫8ه (#ده‬Z ‫ ډول ,<ه‬A2-IH BE AF.@( 8*‫ زردا‬B4<R ‫ زرد آو دی. د‬B4<R AZ X" ‫ 48اږه او‬AZ 8Z ، ‫ ;8ی‬X~Z‫ و‬B*‫ دوه ډو‬BE B4‫ اړ‬B* d-}81 ‫8 د‬F.@( ‫زرد آ*8 د‬ <e( A; A*8"•7 ‫.ار ,<ه‬f( 3F BE AZ ‫#ن ".ن‬c1‫ د ا‬AD ‫ی‬g-F €I, .-*8R ‫.و18 د‬Z#1#-, ‫ د‬AF B•-T1 BE ‫-.و‬F [-*‫.رو‬Z#K ‫، *<ی. او د د‬AZ‫ وا‬amygdalin BR‫ور‬ ‫20#ل‬T,‫ د ا‬BOK ‫ دی، 18 د‬A?1‫ (#دی *<و‬A@-} 3K AF.@( 8*‫س او آ‬z-Q ،A‚( ،8*#To; ‫# زړو ،د‬Z 8F.@( ‫وه د د زردآ*8 د‬z} .‫ *<ی‬d-v#4 ‫<ی‬K‫ ز‬AZ ‫.ار‬f( ‫*8ړ‬ .A;‫. 48د داری و‬Z#" BU] Lectin >#CB#A ‫ (0?{ د (2.ی‬AD ‫ی‬gZ‫#د‬Z ‫ ,<ه‬B(#1 BE Phytohaemagglutinins BR‫ ډول ور‬A0j} BE #Z lectin ‫< د‬K‫ ډول ,<ه (878د ز‬A2-IH BE AF #-"8* BD‫ ,<ه و‬BE B…@( B* <K‫، 18 دا ز‬A; ‫~8ل‬Z‫8 *`#ره و ا‬f-k‫ او "-# د ۰۱ د‬A; ‫1.ه‬Y AF ‫ (8ده‬BE 818T}#, ۱۲ ‫ ډول ,<ه د‬Xk‫. ا‬W BE #-"8* AD BjF .A; X(Y ‫<اق‬oT,‫د درد او ا‬ .AV Glycoalkaloids 3E=BA‫+ ا‬BE=D A?1‫ ر1† *<و‬B@; ‫ د‬BT,‫ ور‬BU] ‫-.و‬U(#U( ‫< ,<ه د‬l ‫#*8 د‬hF AD BjF <e( .‫3 دی‬F AZ ‫.راد‬f( ‫. *<ی او‬AZ‫ وا‬glycoalkaloids BR‫ ور‬AD <K‫8 ز‬Z 8*#hF ‫8ل‬u i@( AZ d-"#x( .Z.; B,‫< او‬R .‫8ری *-.ل ;8ی دی‬E B,‫< او‬R AF ‫<ام‬Q8j-F <E B(‫<ا‬Q Aj( ۷۶۰۰ <R AZ d‡jn ‫ی او‬g-R#Z‫ ز‬AZ ‫.ار‬f( 81‫.و‬Zz?*‫?8ا‬ZzQ ‫ 18 د‬A; ، ‫8ی‬F ‫ ([ه‬B4<R 3K #-" <e(، ‫ی وی‬MF ‫ *-<ی‬B4<" B@; BU] 8*#hF ‫ د‬A,#R AD BOK ‫ د‬BT,‫. ور‬A;‫. ډډه و‬Z#" BU] ‫#*-8 د 48ړو‬hF 8@; ‫< د‬e( .‫ دی راوړی‬B1 BR .‫ی‬MF ‫#ی او ذ4-<ه‬V BE ‫#ی‬V AF 818Z#V 8D‫8 او و‬UZ ، ‫-#ره‬R ّ‫ پ‬BOK 81 AjU1‫#*8 (8 ;-{ ر1† وا‬hF AD ‫8اړي‬n ‫-<ی‬D BF .A; ‫ 48ړل‬B1‫. و‬Z#" BOK Patulin >#A+GF AD A‚( BOK .‫8ی‬F 3F‫<ا‬R <Z‫ ډ‬AF ‫ ;#و48ا‬BE 34‫ د ز‬Y802( <K‫ ,<ه و*<ی. دا ز‬B(#1 BE Patulin ‫< د‬K‫8 ز‬Z AD A; ‫-.ای‬F A‚( A"‫# 4<ا‬Z A‚( A?1‫#رچ *<و‬k .A~1‫#ده و‬oT,‫ ا‬BU]‫ ور‬AF 8*‫ 78س او ,#س 78ړو‬BE #R‫و‬z} ‫ او‬A;‫ ډډه و‬AZ BU] 8*‫. د 48ړ‬Z#" ‫ز43 و*<ی‬ -,‫9ی 0+اړه او ز89و‬IH Y802( <Z‫8*8 ډ‬u <R ‫ی. 1{ ورځ‬gZ‫#د‬Z ‫ 18م ,<ه‬BE algal toxin ‫ی د‬gZ.-*8R Bs,‫ وا‬BE A•*‫ د ا‬AD <K‫8م ز‬F .‫8ن *<ی‬T; A•*‫# ا‬Z ‫اوی‬M; Y802( AF 81</" BE BE Diarrhetic shelfish poson (DSP) ‫او‬ Amnesiac shelfish poison (ASP) ‫ او‬Paralytic Shelfish Poisons (PSP) ‫< دی د‬K‫ز‬ .‫#رت دی‬I} BU] scombrotoxic fish poisoning ‫ او‬ciguatera poisoning B?* 3K ‫2.اد 18ر‬R 8Z #R‫و‬z} .‫ی‬gZ‫#د‬Z ‫10818 ,<ه‬ A >#/'GE‫?9 او و‬M ‫<ف ور,8ی ، د‬x( BE AF ‫8 48ړو‬j`4 BE ‫#(-{ ای‬bZ‫<ه و‬Z‫ د ډ‬AF d4‫ و‬BE X0W ‫ د‬B…a ‫8ه‬Z ‫-<ی‬D BF <e( ‫ *<ی‬da‫< ارز‬Z‫ ډ‬AF ‫ 48ړو‬BE ‫<د‬q <K ‫#(-{ ای د‬bZ‫و‬ BU] 82"#@( A}8@x( 3K #Z ‫ او‬BU] ‫8 48ړو‬OK ‫. د‬Z#" ‫8ی‬OK ‫ ا({ وی‬BE BU] ‫81[ی‬T, ‫ دی‬B* AUa AD <H#4 BE ‫ی. 18 ددی‬g-F X(Y ‫-.و‬F ‫•<ره‬T( ‫7@-{ د‬ .‫ت وی‬Y8x/( ‫ 18ر‬Ajn‫ را‬BR ‫س‬Y BU] BOK ‫3 د‬K #Z ‫< او‬e7 A; ‫-.ای‬F ‫ی. دا 48اړه‬MF‫ وی، 48د داری و‬A?1‫8و‬jZ80R ‫#(-{ ای‬bZ‫ د و‬AD Mycotoxin >#)('& +BE'/ BF 81 .‫-# *<ی‬R‫8ذ وړ‬o1 ‫ د‬AF ‫ 48ړو‬BE ‫-<(~’8د وی او‬n ، mycotoxin A@2Z ‫8*-.وی‬R AD <K‫8م ز‬F <e( ‫‘ "#1.ی (~’8د وی‬s, BE ‫ د 48ړو‬Y802( B18ce@q ‫-8 او‬n‫8 1#رو‬ojTU( ‫ی وی او د‬MF “Z‫[ر‬R AF ‫ 48ړو‬BE B180-jcZ#( Aj`4 BOK AD BT; ‫0#ل‬TW‫3 ددی ا‬K #-" ، ‫ی‬MF 3K ‫ *-<ی‬re@q BU] A/s, ‫-<ی د 48ړو د‬D .A; ‫-.ای‬F 3K X(Y ‫ د (<ګ‬d4‫ و‬A@-V 8] ‫ د‬B18ce@q BE ‫‘ "#1.ی‬s, BE BOK ‫ 18 د‬A; ‫-•8دل‬F AF ‫#ل‬Z<-E#D ‫<م‬Q 8Z BE Bj?u BD‫-<ی و‬D BF .‫8ی‬F ‫ وده‬Ba AF ‫#ل‬Z<-E#D ‫8ب‬H<( ‫<م او‬Q BE B18ce@q
  • 2. 8] ‫ د‬B18ce@q BE ‫‘ "#1.ی‬s, BE BOK ‫ 18 د‬A; ‫-•8دل‬F AF ‫#ل‬Z<-E#D ‫<م‬Q 8Z BE Bj?u BD‫-<ی و‬D BF .‫8ی‬F ‫ وده‬Ba AF ‫#ل‬Z<-E#D ‫8ب‬H<( ‫<م او‬Q BE B18ce@q .‫ی‬MF‫ و‬X-E ‫ وده‬BE AF ‫<ځ‬R BE 8V‫ور‬ Cucurbitacin >#O'G#H‫(+(+ر‬ BjF ‫ ([ه‬BOK ‫ د‬BjIF B* ‫ ,<ه (878د وی. ددی‬B(#1 BE cucurbitacin ‫-{ د‬cF#u A?1‫-.و‬F Pk‫ ,<ه وا‬X?; A2-IH BE 8Z AD A; ‫-.ای‬F BjF BjF 3K AF ‫.و‬F BE .‫— دی‬Z‫ را‬AF –1‫8ر‬F B*8u BE cucurbitacae ‫-{ د‬cF#u #Z <K‫ وه. دا ز‬B4<R ‫<ه‬Z‫ ډ‬BjF#1 .‫ ([ه و*<ی‬B4<R #Z ‫@. "8ی‬R AD A~1‫#ده و‬oT,‫ ا‬BU] 8e1‫.و او "#در‬F BOK ‫ی. د‬g-F X(Y ‫08 د درد او ا,’#ل‬jF ‫<اق، د‬oT,‫8 48ړل د ا‬e1‫<48 "#در‬R ‫<و‬Z‫د ډ‬ Saponins >#,+QP AZ €-F<R ‫-0-#وی‬F Ajv‫ی. ا‬MF ‫ ]† 78ړ‬A18"#v ‫ د او"8 ,<ه د‬A; A*8F 3K ‫ ,<ه‬d‡jn <Z‫ ډ‬BE AD ‫ (8اد دی‬AR#I1 X/@( AF 8"‫ او‬BE {-18`v .‫8ی‬j-?~R ، ‫ی‬gZ‫#د‬Z ‫ ,<ه‬B(#1 BE sapongenin ‫ دی د‬BU] .@k ‫ دی‬BR<E AD d0ck 8Z aglycone ‫ او د‬glycoside ‫ دوه‬BE AU( B* da‫-0-#وی 78ړ‬F ‫ د‬BOK ‫ی. او د‬g-F X(Y ‫<اق‬fT,‫8 او ا‬RY#’,‫-# *<ی. د ا‬R‫8*8 وړ‬F [ZY80-K ‫8 د‬R#Z‫<و‬F ‫ د ,<و‬A@Z‫ ([ه *<ی او د و‬B4<R {-18`v .‫ی‬gZ‫#د‬Z ‫ ,<ه‬B(#1 BE {-18`v .Z8@-E<`Z<u ‫˜ل او‬Z‫-<و‬b, ‫ د‬AD ‫ ;8ی دی‬X~Z‫"<48 و‬ BE .‫او *<ی‬MR ‫ "#1.ی‬BjW<( BE 801 ‫– او د‬bZ‫ ورا‬BE ‫#ت‬I1 ‫ د‬AZ d‡jn ‫ی او‬g-F ‫-.ا‬E AF 84<" A1." ‫8ل‬u BE BOK ‫8 او د‬R#R#I1 8*8u BE 3*#} ‫8 د‬R#R#I1 ‫#"8 د‬F <K‫دا ز‬ .‫ی‬g-F ‫-.ا‬E AF Bf;‫8ر "#1•#ن او ر‬R ، 8‚( ، 8*#hF ، A*8F‫8س، "<ا‬Q<`,‫#*™ ، ا‬E ، Aj`0( ،‫@.ر‬OD ، 8@-"#Z8, Oxalic acid 3#O‫ ا‬S#A‫ا‬RD‫ا‬ B* d-*#2q ‫<دی‬Q ‫20#ل ,<ه‬T,‫ ا‬BE ‫<و‬K‫ی، *<ی. ددی ز‬gZ‫#د‬Z ‫ ,<ه‬B(#1 BE ‫-@8ن‬F‫<ا‬T1‫[ا*-™ ا,-. او ا‬Q‫ د او‬AD <K‫.ار ,<ه ز‬f( ‫ *8ړ‬BE Aš#E BOK ‫ د‬Y802( –•E .‫ی‬g-,‫<ف ور‬x( BE AZ Bk#, ‫8ازی‬Z ‫ او‬A~1‫#ده و‬oT,‫. ا‬Z#" BU] 8š#E ‫•– د‬E ‫< د‬H#4 BE ‫@-8ی‬U( ‫81[ی د‬T, ‫ی. د‬g-F €I, ‫8ی او د (<ګ‬F‫ ور‬B,Y ‫ی؟‬Y(‫*#+ی و‬W/ %( ‫+ 0+ړو‬XQ0 -F -WU ‫*?- د !"#$% ز89و‬U - ۴ ‫1.ی‬Y‫ د‬AD A; A*8F A,#R #-" <e( .‫ی‬g-,‫<ف ور‬x( BE ‫ ډول ,<ه‬A*‫8ا‬T( BE ‫<ه ا1.ازی ,<ه‬Z‫ ډ‬BE AD ‫ی‬g-(#0R BF#1<s4 <Z‫ ډ‬d4‫ و‬BOK ‫8ازی‬Z ‫<و‬K‫ ز‬A2-IH :A*‫ راو‬d•0F AF BOK BE 3K #Z ‫@-8ی او‬U( BU] 8R‫ د 1#وړه ا›<ا‬BOK ‫ 1-8*8 ,<ه، د‬AF ‫#م‬E BE 8?u .‫ی‬MF‫ ډډه و‬BU] ‫<ف‬x( ‫8 18ع 48ړو د‬Z ‫8ازی‬Z A@2Z ‫+ 48اړه و48ری‬jTU( - ۱ ‫ ډول‬i-K BE ، ‫-<ه وی‬R AZ Bb-1 #•f1‫ د ا‬AD BU] ‫ 48ړو‬BOK‫ د‬AD ‫ی‬MF‫• و‬a8F ،‫-< ;8ی وی‬R d4‫•# و‬f1‫ د ا‬AZ BjF AD AV‫8ر‬n‫ و‬d4‫ و‬BOK ‫۲ - 48اړه‬ .A; ‫ل‬Me1‫8ی ، ور‬F B-’R ‫ 48اړه‬BR ‫#ن‬c1‫ ا‬BR<-" AD 8R#1‫-8ا‬W 8OK 8j`4 ‫ی او‬M?1‫#ده و‬oT,‫ا‬ .A; XR#,‫ و‬AF ‫<اد‬Q AT1#, ‫ د‬A•Z‫ در‬BR‫< او آ‬ov ‫ د‬Y802( ‫8ا‬K BUZ BI,#@( BE .Z#" ‫۳ - 48اړه‬ .‫3 وی‬K B" 3*#, 81 ، ‫ وی‬A2-IH AD A; BOK <K AD d,#Z‫ ووا‬AD ‫8ی‬F AjE B( AF B4<" BE d- 8o/( ‫ د 48ړو د‬B-S<q ‫3 دا‬K d4‫ و‬i-K - ۴ .A; B4#E ‫ ا1.ازه‬Aq#F BE ‫-#ر او‬R ‫#ک ډول ,<ه‬E BE .Z#" ‫۵ - 48اړه‬ .A; ‫ *-<ی‬A*‫ ډ‬B* ‫8 48ړو‬l#, ‫. د‬Z#" ‫ وی‬A04‫# ز‬Z ‫ی وی ، زده ;8ی‬MF‫ ور‬B,Y B* AZ †1‫ ر‬AD 8I, ‫# (-8و او‬Z ‫ 48ړو‬BOK - ۶ ‫ل‬MF‫ ډډه و‬BU] ‫<ف‬x( ‫<ی ، د‬j1 ‫ و78د‬AF ‫ 48ړو‬A*802( BE AD ‫#ت‬xU~( ‫3 1#وړه 18ر‬K #Z ‫ ([ه و*<ی او‬B4<R ، AV ‫<ی‬R ‫ 4<اب "8ی‬AD ‫ 48اړه‬BOK - ۷ .A; -XE'F - ۵ ‫ی. د (~’8دو او‬g-F ‫-.ا‬E AF 81#Q ‫•ا‬n A1‫-8ا‬W ‫8 او‬I, ، ‫ "/<ی 48ړو ، (-8و‬BE #(80} .‫ 78ړ ;8ی دی‬BU] ‫-0-#وی (8اد‬F 8ojTU( ‫ ډول ,<ه د‬A2-IH BE ‫48اړه‬ ¢Z BE .Z#" ‫. 48اړه‬A~1 ‫20#ل‬T,‫. ا‬Z#" ،‫ ;8ی وی‬A04‫3 ز‬K #Z ،‫ ,‡‘ و*<ی‬BE B18ce@q AD ‫8م 48اړه‬F ‫ او‬A;‫. ډډه و‬Z#" BU] ‫20#ل‬T,‫-0-#وی (8ادو د ا‬F ‫(•<ه‬ .A; Am@4 BOK ، AF ‫8رت‬v BE ‫8ن‬T; ‫<و د‬K‫-@8 ز‬V ‫< ]8 د‬R A; B4#E Ba .Z#" ‫0@# 48اړه‬S .A; XR#,‫ و*<ی و‬d"8H‫3 13 او ر‬F AD ‫#ی‬V -,‫۶ - /0]و‬ http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/publication/naturaltoxins.pdf http://www.healthy-eating-politics.com/toxins-in-food.html http://www.foodsmart.govt.nz/whats-in-our-food/chemicals-nutrients-additives-toxins/specific-foods/ http://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/programme/programme_rafs/files/Press%20kit%20on%20natural%20plant %20toxin_english.pdf http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/pubs/securit/2009-apricots-abricots/index-eng.php http://www.cfs.gov.hk/english/programme/programme_rafs/files/ras27_natural_toxin_in_food_plant.pdf