1. Railway Over Bridge
C O N S T R U C T I O N
START NOW
The rail over bridge is designed to allow the
road traffic to pass over the railway line.
2. CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY
OVER BRIDGE
GROUP 15: -
DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF A 4 LANE 90 M RAILWAY
OVER BRIDGE (ROB) IN CHAND SARAI, LUCKNOW
3. Contents
Bridge
Types of Bridges
Introduction: Railway Over Bridge
Project Details
Test carried out before start of construction
Methodology
Suggestions
Bibliography
4. Bridge
Bridge is a type of structure that provides passage over obstacles such as valleys, rough terrain or bodies of water by spanning those
obstacles with natural or man made materials even in those areas where traffic volume is really high.
Components of a Bridge:
a) Deck slab
b) Longitudinal girder
c) Cross beams
d) Bearings
e) Joints
f) Pier / Abutment
g) Pier cap
h) R.E. Wall
6. Introduction: Railway Over Bridge
The railway over bridge is a result of collaborated working of Bridge Corporation and Indian Railways.
The Railway over bridge is divided as:
• Rail portion: Its construction is carried out by Indian Railways.
• Viaduct portion: It lies on both sides of railway portion and is constructed by bridge corporation.
7. Project Details
Department: Uttar Pradesh Expressway and Industrial Development Authority (UPEIDA)
Site Name: Chand Sarai, Lucknow
Total Length of the Bridge: 90m
Bridge Type: Railway Over Bridge
8. Test carried out before start of
construction
Material Test
• Sieve analysis
• Cube Test
• Impact test of aggregates
• Consistency test of Cement
• Setting time of Cement
Soil Bearing Capacity Test
• Plate-load Test
10. 1. Surveying
Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial or
three-dimensional positions of points and the distances and angles between them.
Under Surveying we have:
Reconnaissance Survey
Topographic Survey
Total Station Traverse
Bench Mark
Detailed Survey
METHODOLOG
Y
11. 2. Traffic Design
The capacity standards for Bridge have been adopted as per the “Guidelines for Bridge”. Capacity analysis is
fundamental to the planning, design and operation of roads and provides, among other things, the basis for
determining the carriageway width to be provided at any point in a road network with respect to the volume
and composition of traffic. Moreover, it is a valuable tool for evaluation of the investments needed for future
road constructions and improvements.
Equivalency Factors are calculated.
Capacity Analysis
METHODOLOG
Y
12. 3. Engineering Design
The Preliminary Design has been carried out on the selected alignment so as to have optimum Construction,
Operation & maintenance cost and Vehicle Operation Cost; minimum Social Impacts and Social Costs and
Environmental Impacts and Environmental Mitigation Costs.
Geometric Design of the Alignment
Indicative Design Standards
Design Speed
METHODOLOG
Y
13. METHODOLOGY
4. Then Foundation is being laid.
PILE FOUNDATION
Noticed that the soft rock exists after two or three layers of soil which explains the selection of foundation for
transfer of super structural loads coming from the bridge onto the ground safely.
15. Test On Pile Foundation
To assess the carrying capacity of the casted piles and to ensure the
homogeneity, various advanced tests have been conducted.
They are listed below:
I. Initial Pile Load test / Kent Ledge Load Test
II. Dynamic load Test
III. Pile Integrity Test
16. Initial Pile Load Test/Kent Ledge Load
Test
Loading applied on the pile head was measured by
volumetric method. In this method sand bags were
arranged on top of the platform which is made with
8mm thick MS plate. The plate rests on the
secondary beams of ISMB 300. These 27 No’s
ISMB 300 was resting on 7No’s of ISMB 600 and
supported by solid bed on either of the pile. The total
dead load available for the pile load test was about
1100MT
17. Dynamic load Test
The basic purpose of high strain dynamic pile testing is to evaluate pile static capacity and its
structural integrity using measurement of both force and velocity.
Strain transducers and accelerometers are attached to the test pile.
Strains induced under the impact of a heavy falling hammer from a pre-determined height are
measured with the help of strain transducers attached to the pile, whereas accelerometers record the
accelerations generated in the pile. The Pile Driving Analyzer(PDA) converts strain to force, and
acceleration records are converted to velocities.
By using measured velocities, they performed trial and error process in CAPWAP Software and
computed forces in order to plot the graph between measured and computed forces.
And subsequent results have been found out and assured by the Chief Engineer or Engineer In
charge.
18. Pile Integrity Test
The low strain Integrity testing is a Non-
Destructive Integrity test method for foundation
piles for the assessment of potential problems
like cross sectional changes, honeycombing,
Physical dimensions, continuity of pile and
concrete quality.
This testing requires the attachment of the
highly sensitive accelerometer to the pile top
with viscous material.
After hammer impact downward compressive
wave is generated travelling with wave speed
“c”.
19. Bearings
The bearing is an element of superstructure which provides
an interface between the superstructure and substructure.
This interface is vital because superstructure undergoes
dimensional changes and deformations due to various
factors which are as follow:
a. Thermal expansion / contraction
b. Elastic Deformation under live load
c. Seismic forces
d. Creep and shrinkage of concrete
e. Settlement of supports
f. Longitudinal forces – tractive / breaking
g. Wind Loads
20. Types of Bearings
i. Free Float Bearing of Capacity 248MT
ii. Pin Metallic Guided Bearing of Capacity 18MT
iii. Pin Fixed Bearing of Capacity 93-114MT
iv. Free Float Bearing of Capacity 189MT
v. Slide Guide Bearing of Capacity 178MT
vi. Slide Guide Bearing of Capacity 189MT
21. Girders
Girders are structural members carry super structural loads and distribute to the substructure,
from then, to the ground safely.
PSC Girders
Composite Steel Girders
Cross Girders/Diaphragms
22. PSC Girders
Firmly, Precast PSC Girders are casted at the site.
After curing for 15days, stressing has been done and accordingly
evaluated elongation so as to check with the specifications provided.
Arrangement of the reinforcement and Cable profiling are shown in the below figure.
24. Composite Steel Girders
Composite girders are manufactured in the
workshop namely PMGStructural’s Limited.
As per the designed drawings, composite girders
are manufactured and shipped to the site.
Before going for the manufacture of composite
girders, activities included like materials’ tests such
as Physical dimensional check, Chemical
analysis, Mechanical testing and etc.
For the erection of composite girders, DTI
Washer was used in the process of tightening the
bolted connection.
25. 5. Shuttering
Temporary timber, plywood, metal or other material used to provide support to wet concrete mix till it gets
strength for self-support.
It provides support to horizontal, vertical and inclined surface and also provides support to cast concrete
according to required shape and size.
Types of shuttering:
a) Steel Shuttering
b) Wooden plank shuttering
c) Temporary brick masonry shuttering
METHODOLOGY
26. Material required for shuttering
a) Bottom (casting bed)
b) Beam plate & Cross beam plate
c) Tube anchorage
d) H.T.S wire (12.5 mm), winding wire
e) Nuts & bolts
f) Plastic plate
g) Wooden block
METHODOLOGY
27. 6. Concreting
Concreting is the process of mixing together the various ingredients – water, cement, aggregate, and any additives – to
produce concrete.
Concrete production is time-sensitive. Once the ingredients are mixed, workers must put the concrete in place before it
hardens.
In modern usage, most concrete production takes place in a large type of industrial facility called a concrete plant, or often a
batch plant.
Machine used in concreting:
a) Batching plant
b) One bag mixer
c) Two bag mixer
d) Four bag mixer
METHODOLOGY
Bag mixer divided in
3 parts:
a) Hooper
b) Drum
c) Air-bucket
28. 7. After the setting of concrete, the shuttering is removed.
Recommended period for removal of shuttering:
48 hours-foundations, columns, beams, walls.
7 days-underside of slab up to 4.5 m span.
14 days-underside of slab, beam arches above 4.5 m up to 6 m span.
21 days-6m to 9m span.
28 days-above 9m span.
METHODOLOGY
29. Suggestions
Bridges maintenance consists of combination of structural health monitoring and testing.
This is regulated in country specific engineer standard.
A Simple test or inspection every two to three years and a major inspection every six to ten years is done.
There are several methods used to monitor the stress in large structures like bridges.
a) Use of accelerometer.
b) Use of Doppler vibrometer.
30. Conclusion
The innovation design of ROB has the potential to save in crores of Rupees in addition to facilitate local
people to cross Railway land with ease and enhanced safety to train operations through closure of level
crossing. The reduced land requirement, reduced length of approaches, improved feasibility of economic
open foundation design, possible immunity from bearing capacity variations and enhance aesthetics are
advantages which are recurring in nature and makes this design attractive and useful. Railway Board’s
appreciation and further advice to other Zones of Indian Railways endorses this innovation as resolute.
31. REFRENCES
UTTAR PRADESH EXPRESSWAYS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
(UPEIDA)
Victor, D. J. Design of Bridges
IS 800, General Construction in Steel – Code of practice, 2007
IRC 21, Construction of Bridges, 2000
Mr Mohit Choubey, Professor of Civil Engineering, BBDITM, Lucknow, India
32. THANK YOU
Submitted by
Under the guidance of
Mr. Mohit Choubey
(Assistant Professor)
NAME ROLL NO.
SAURABH SINGH 1805400918
SURYA PRAKASH RAWAT 1805400919
TANMAY SINGH CHAUHAN 1805400920
VIKAS SINGH RAJPUT 1805400921
VIKAS SINGHANIYA 1805400922
VIKRAM PRATAP SINGH 1805400923
VISHWAJEET 1805400924
