This document discusses several key social institutions including the family, education, religion, economics, and government. It provides definitions and descriptions of each institution, their functions in society, and how they help socialize individuals and maintain social order. The family is described as the basic social unit responsible for reproduction and socializing children. Education transmits culture and skills while socializing students for their roles. Religion provides meaning and social cohesion through shared beliefs and rituals. Economics and government organize production and distribution of resources and resolve conflicts. These institutions simplify social behavior and roles to coordinate and stabilize society.

1. Chapter VI

2.  In any human society
are social structures
and social mechanisms
of social order and
cooperation that
govern the behavior of
its members.

3.  Replacing members or
procreation
 Teaching new members
 Producing , distributing and
consuming goods and services
 Preserving order
 Providing and maintaining a
sense of purpose

4.  Is a group of social positions,
connected by social relations,
performing a social role.
 Any institution in a society that
works to socialize the groups
of people in it.

5.  Common examples
universities
governments
families
any people or groups
that you have social
interactions
 It is a major sphere of social life
organized to meet some human
need

6. -Palispis (1996)
1. Institutions are purposive.
2. They are relatively permanent in
their content.
3. Institutions are structured.
4. Institutions are a unified
structure.
5. Institutions are necessarily
value-laden.

7. 1. Institutions simplify social
behavior for the individual
person.
2. Institutions, therefore, provide
ready-made forms of social
relations and social roles for
individual.

8. 3. Institutions also act
as agencies of
coordination and
stability for the total
culture.
4. Institutions tend to
control behavior.

9. Family
Education
Religion
Economics
Government

11.  The family is the smallest social
institution with the unique function
or producing and rearing the
young.
 It is the basic unit of the
Philippine society and the
educational system where the
child begins to learn his ABC.

12.  The family also the basic agent of
socialization because it is here
where the individual develops
values, behaviors, and ways of
life through interaction with
members of the family. (Vega,
2004)

13.  The family is closely knit and has
strong family ties.
 The Filipino family is usually an
extended one and therefore, big.
 In the Filipino family, kinship ties
are extended to include the
“compadre” or sponsors.

14.  In the Asian family, a great
difference exists in the roles of man
and woman.
 A woman’s position in the home
and society is much lower than that
of man.
 A much higher regard is
attributed to the Filipino woman,
especially with the changing roles
and functions of the family.

15. 1. Reproduction of the
race and rearing of
the young.
2. Cultural transmission
or enculturation.
3. Socialization of the
child

16. 4. Providing affection and a sense
of security.
5. Providing the environment for
personality development and the
growth of self-concept in relation
to others.
6. Providing social status.

17. Membership Residence Authority Descent
Nuclear Neolocal Patriarchal Bilineal
Extended Matrilocal Matriarchal Patrilineal
Patrilocal Equalitarian matrilineal

18. a) Conjugal or nuclear family
This is the primary or elementary
family consisting of husband, wife
and children
b) Consanguine or extended family
It consists of married couple, their
parents, siblings, grandparents,
uncles, aunts and cousins.

19. a) Monogamy
b) Polygamy
 Polyandry- where one woman
is married to two or more men
at the same time;
 Polygamy- where one man is
married to two or more women
at the same time;

20.  Cenogamy- where two or more
men mate with two or more
women in group marriage.

21. a) Patrilineal- when the descent is
recognized through the father’s
line.
b) Matrilineal- when the descent is
recognized through the mother’s
line
c) Bilineal- when the descent is
recognized through both the
father’s and mother’s line.

22. a) Patrilocal- when the newly married
couple lives with the parents of the
husband;
b) Matrilocal- when the newly married
couple lives with the parent of the
wife;
c) Neolocal- when the newly married
pair maintains a separate
household and live by themselves.

23. a) Patriarchal- when the father is
considered the head and plays a
dominant role;
b) Matriarchal- when the mother or female
is the head and makes the major
decisions;
c) Equalitarian- when both father and
mother share in making decisions and
are equal in authority.

25.  The basic purpose of education is
the transmission of knowledge.

26.  Described the school as first and
foremost a social institution, that
is an established organization
having a identifiable structure and
a set of functions meant to
preserve and extend social order.

27.  To teach basic cognitive skill such
as reading, writing and
mathematics
 To transmit specific knowledge

28.  To inculcate allegiance to the existing
political order (patriotism)
 To prepare citizens who will
participate in the political order
 To help assimilate diverse cultural
groups into a common political order

29.  Socialize children into the various
roles, behaviors and values of the
society
 Enables members to help solve
social problems
 By participating in socialization,
schools work along with other
institutions
 Ensure social cohesion

30.  Prepare students for their later
occupational roles and to select,
train, and allocate individuals into
the dimension of labor.

31.  Technical/economic functions
They refer to the contributions of
schools to the technical or
economic development and
needs of the individual, the
institution, the local community,
the society and the international
community.

32.  Human/social functions
They refer to the contribution of
schools, to human development
and social relationships at different
levels of the society.
 Political Functions
They refer to the contribution of
schools to the political
development at different levels of
society.

33.  Cultural functions
They refer to the contribution of
schools to the cultural transmission
and development at different levels
of society.
 Education functions
They refer to the contribution of
schools to the development and
maintenance of education at the
different levels of the society.

34.  The manifest functions of
education are defined as the
open and intended goals or
consequences of activities within
organization or institution.

35. 1. Socialization
2. Social Control
3. Social Placement
4. Transmitting culture
5. Promoting social and political
integration
6. Agent of change

36.  From kindergarten through
college, schools teach students
the student role, specific
academic subjects, and political
socialization.

37.  Schools are responsible for teaching
and values such as discipline,
respect, obedience and
perseverance.
 As a social institution, education
performs a rather conservable
function- transmitting the dominant
culture.

38.  Education serves the latent function
of promoting political and social
integration by transforming its
population composed of diverse
ethnic and religious groups into a
society whose members share- to
some extent at least- a common
identity.

39.  Education can stimulate or bring
about desired social change.

40.  Latent functions, the hidden,
unstated and sometimes
unintended consequences of
activities within an organization or
institutions.
1. Restricting some activities
2. Matchmaking and production of
social networks
3. Creation of generation gap.

41.  In our society there are laws that
require children to attend school
or complete a primary and
secondary education.

42.  Because school brings together
people of similar ages, social
class, and race, young people
often meet future marriage
partners and develop social
networks that may last for many
years .

43.  Students may learn
information in school
that contradicts
beliefs held by their
parents or their
religion.

44. 1. Conservation function
2. Instructional function
3. Research Function
4. Social Service Function

45.  The school conserves and preserves
through its libraries and other devices
recorded accumulated experiences of the
past generations such as:
Knowledge, Inventions, Mathematics,
Science, Historical facts, Skills, Customs,
Traditions, Language, Literature,
Music,Writing, andArts

46.  This function, the main concern of
the school, is to pass on the
accumulated experiences of the
past generations to the incoming
generations.

47. This is also an important function
of the school
One justification for a particular
school to exist is to render some
kind of social service in the place
where it is located.

49.  May be defined as any set of
coherent answers to the
dilemmas of human existence
that makes the world meaningful.
 Religion is how human beings
express their feelings about such
ultimate concerns as sickness or
death.

50.  Religion is also defined in terms of its
social function.
 It is a system of beliefs and rituals that
serves to bind people together through
shared worship, thereby creating a social
group.
 Religion is a set of beliefs and practices
that pertain to a sacred or supernatural
realm that guides human behavior and
gives meaning to life among a community
of believers.

51. 1. A belief about the meaning of life
2. A commitment by the individual and
the group to this belief
3. A system of moral practices
resulting from a commitment to this
belief, and
4. A recognition by the proponents of
this belief that is supreme or
absolute.

52. 1. Belief in a deity or in a power
beyond the individual.
2. A doctrine (accepted teaching) of
salvation.
3. A code of conduct
4. The use of sacred stories, and
5. Religious rituals (acts and
ceremonies)

53.  There are three main
philosophical views regarding the
existence of a deity.
 The major religious- Christianity,
Islam, Buddhism and Hinduism-
teach a doctrine of Salvation.

54.  They include the
acts and
ceremonies by
which believers
appeal to and
serve God, deities,
or other sacred
powers.

55. 1. Religion serves as a means of
social control.
2. It exerts a great influence upon
personality development.
3. Religion allays fear of the
unknown.
4. Religion explains events or
situations which are beyond the
comprehension of man.

56. 5. It gives man comfort, strength and
hope in times of crisis and despair.
6. It preserves and transmits
knowledge, skills, spiritual and
cultural values and practices.
7. It serves as an instrument of change.
8. It promotes closeness, love,
cooperation, friendliness and
helpfulness.

57. 9. Religion alleviates sufferings
from major calamities.
10.It provides hope for a blissful life
after death.

58.  Church tends to be large, wit h
inclusive membership, in low
tension with surrounding society.
 Sect has a small, exclusive
membership, high tension with
society.

59.  Cults are referred to by Stark and
Brainbridge (1985) as the more
innovative institutions and are
formed when people create new
religious beliefs and practices.
1. Audience cults, which are
characterized by doctrines
delivered to consumers via TV,
radio or in printed materials.

60. 2. Client cults which have religious
leaders who offer specific
services to the followers.
3. Cult movements which are client
cults that have been enlarged
because of closely-knit
organization (San Juan, et.al
2007)

61. 1. Sacred refers to phenomena that
are regarded as extraordinary,
transcendent and outside the
everyday course of events- that is,
supernatural.
2. Legitimation norms. Religious
sanctions and beliefs reinforce the
legitimacy of many rules and norms
in the community.

62.  Rituals are formal patterns of
activity that express symbolically
a set of shared meanings, in the
case of rituals such as baptism or
communion, the shared
meanings are sacred.
 Religious Community. Religion
establishes a code of behavior for
the members, who belong and
who does not.

64. Human behavior is mainly concerned
with the satisfaction of material
wants. It is centered on the task of
making a living, the most absorbing
interest of man. To that end, man in
all ages and among all classes
struggle to bring about changes in the
environment

65.  Our mode of living centers on the
acquisition of wealth in order to
satisfy our wants and this aspect of
man’s activity constitutes the field
of economics.
 Examples of economic activity are
earning money, buying goods and
services, putting up a business, or
saving money in a bank.

66. Microeconomics—is concerned with the
specific economic units of parts that
makes an economic system and the
relationship between those parts. In
microeconomic, emphasis is placed on
understanding the behaviour of individual
firms, industries, households, and ways in
which such entities interact.(
Spencer,1980 as cited by Javier et al,
2002)

67.  Macroeconomics-- is concerned
with the economy as a whole, or
large segments of it. It focuses on
such problems as the role of
unemployment, the changing level
of prices, the nation’s total output
of goods and services, and the
ways in which government raises
and spends money.

68.  Microeconomics looks at
the trees, while
macroeconomics looks
at the forest.
 Both categories involve
the construction of
theories and formulation
of policies- activities that
are the heart of
economics.

69.  First—what goods and services to
produce and how much.
 In business, a feasibility study
determines whether certain goods
and services becomes profitable or
not in a given market. Investors are
only willing to produce goods and
services which will give them good
profit.

70.  Second—how to produce good
and services.
 This is a problem of production
technology or methods of
production. As a general rule,
goods and services must be
produced in the most efficient
manner. This means minimum
input without sacrificing quality.

71.  Third-- for whom are the goods
and services.
 This is the problem of distribution.
Who gets the good like rice,
clothes, shoes, books, and the
services such as education, health
services, and other social services.
In most countries, those who have
more money acquire more goods
and services then the poor.

73.  The institution which resolves
conflicts that are public in nature
and involve more than a few
people is called GOVERNMENT.
Government can be city,
provincial, national or even
international.

74.  Supreme Court of the Philippines defines
government as “ that institution by which
an independent society makes and
carries out those rules of action which are
necessary to enable men to live in a
social state, ore which are imposed upon
the people for that society by those who
possess the power or authority of
prescribing them.”

75.  Executive—which proposes and
enforces rules and laws
 Legislative—which makes rules
and laws
 Judicial—which adjudicates rules
and laws.

76.  POLITICS—is the pattern of human
interaction that serves to resolve conflicts
between peoples, institutions and nations.
 ADMINISTRATION—refers to the
aggregate of persons in whose hands the
reigns of government are for the time
being. The government is aimed at
maintaining a good social order where the
people enjoy the political and economic
blessings of life in an atmosphere of
justice, freedom, and equality.

77. Divided into two:
1. The constituent functions
2. The ministrant functions

78. a. The keeping of order and providing
for the protections of persons and
property from violence and robbery;
b. The fixing of the legal relations
between husband and wife, and
between parents and children;

79. c. The regulation of the holding,
transmission, and interchange of
property, and the determination of its
liabilities for the debt or for crime;
d. The determination of contractual
rights between individuals;
e. The definition and punishment for
crimes;
f. The administration of justice in civil
cases;

80. g. The administration of political
duties, privileges, and relations of
citizen; and
h. The dealings of the State with the
foreign growers, the preservation
of the state from external danger
or encroachment and the
advancement of its international
affairs and interests.

81.  Are those undertaken to advance
the general interest of society,
such as public works, public
charity, and regulation of trade
and industry. These functions are
merely optional.

83.  Vega,V. , et. Al (2009). Social Dimensions of
Education. Lorimar Publishing, Inc: Metro
Manila. Pp.110-127
 Pictures from:
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