PRESENTATION ON HYPERTHYROIDISM

1. KRISHNA MEDICAL & TECHNICAL RESEARCH
CENTRE
RAMANAND CHOWK,JANAKPURDHAM
PRESENTATION ON HYPERTHYROIDISM
PREPAIRED BY:
MISS: MANISHA KUMAR SAH
ROLL.NO:07
BSC NURSING 2nd YEAR
BATCH:8th
SUBMITTED TO:
MRS:PUNITA YADAV
LECTURER MASTER IN GYANECOLOGY
NURSING

2. HYPERTHYROIDIM

3. INTRODUCTION
Hyperthyroidism is a condition of the thyroid. The thyroid is a
small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of your neck. It
produces tetraiodothyronine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3),
which are two primary hormones that control how your cells use
energy. Your thyroid gland regulates your metabolism through the
release of these hormones.
Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid makes too much T4,
T3, or both. Diagnosis of overactive thyroid and treatment of the
underlying cause can relieve symptoms and prevent
complications.

4. DEFINITION
• Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis are used interchangeably,
however each refers to slightly different conditions.
• Hyperthyroidism refers to over activity of the thyroid gland,
with resultant excessive secretion of thyroid hormones and
accelerated metabolism in the periphery.
• Thyrotoxicosis refers to the clinical effects of an unbound
thyroid hormone, regardless of whether or not the thyroid is
the primary source

5. CAUSES
A variety of conditions can cause hyperthyroidism. Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder, is the most
common cause of hyperthyroidism. It causes antibodies to stimulate the thyroid to secrete too much hormone.
Graves’ disease occurs more often in women than in men. It tends to run in families, which suggests a genetic
link. You should tell your doctor if your relatives have had the condition.
• Other causes of hyperthyroidism include.
• excess iodine, a key ingredient in T4 and T3
• thyroiditis, or inflammation of the thyroid, which causes T4 and T3 to leak out of the gland
• tumors of the ovaries or testes
• benign tumors of the thyroid or pituitary gland.

6. Other causes of hyperthyroidism include:
 excess iodine, a key ingredient in T4 and T3 .
 thyroiditis, or inflammation of the thyroid, which causes T4 and T3
to leak out of the gland .
 tumors of the ovaries or testes .
 benign tumors of the thyroid or pituitary gland .
 large amounts of tetraiodothyronine taken through dietary
supplements or medication .

7. Pathophysiology
Hyperthyroidisms characterized by loss normal regulatory control of thyroid hormone secretion.
The action of thyroid hormone on the body is stimulatory, hyper metabolism result .
Increase sympathetic nervous system activity Alteration secretion and metabolism of hypothalamic
pituitary and gonadal hormone.
Excessive amount of thyroid hormone stimulate the
cardiac system and increase the adrenergic receptors.
Tachycardia and increase cardiac –output, stroke volume
and peripheral blood flow.

8. Negative nitrogenous balance, lipid depletion and the resultant state of nutritional
deficiency.
Hyperthyroidism result

9. symptoms of hyperthyroidism
High amounts of T4, T3, or both can cause an excessively high metabolic rate.
This is called a hypermetabolic state. When in a hypermetabolic state, you may experience
a rapid heart rate, elevated blood pressure, and hand tremors.
You may also sweat a lot and develop a low tolerance for heat.
Unintentional weight loss, even when your appetite and food intake stay the same or
increase.
An enlarged thyroid gland (goiter), which may appear as a swelling at the base of your neck.
Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) — commonly more than 100 beats a minute.
Changes in bowel patterns, especially more frequent bowel movements.

10. OTHER SYMPTOMS
regular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
 Increased appetite
 Nervousness, anxiety and irritability
 Tremor — usually a fine trembling in your hands and fingers
 Sweating
 Changes in menstrual patterns
 Increased sensitivity to heat

11. INVESTIGATIONS
History and physical examination .
Ophthalmic examination .
ECG- atrial tachycardia .
Thyroid function test: T3 and T4 .
Thyroid releasing hormone stimulation test .
Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) .
Thyroid scan .
 CT or MRI can show if a pituitary tumor is present that’s causing the condition.

12. TREATMENT
Radioactive iodine
• Taken by mouth, radioactive iodine is absorbed by your
thyroid gland, where it causes the gland to shrink and
symptoms to subside, usually within three to six months.
Anti-thyroid medications
• These medications gradually reduce symptoms of
hyperthyroidism by preventing your thyroid gland from
producing excess amounts of hormones. They include
propylthiouracil and methimazole (Tapazole).

13.  Symptoms usually begin to improve in 6 to 12 weeks, but treatment with
anti-thyroid medications typically continues at least a year and often longer
Beta blockers
 These drugs are commonly used to treat high blood pressure.
 They won't reduce your thyroid levels, but they can reduce a rapid heart rate
and help prevent palpitations.
 Side effects may include fatigue, headache, upset stomach, constipation,
diarrhea or dizziness.

14. Surgical management
The most commonly performed procedures include:
 lobectomy
 lobectomy with isthmectomy
 subtotal thyroidectomy
 Total thyroidectomy

15.  A thyroid lobectomy is surgery carried out to remove one half (a lobe) of your thyroid gland.
 A thyroid isthmectomy is surgery to remove the central part of your thyroid gland. It is only done
occasionally.
 Subtotal thyroidectomy is a surgical procedure, in which the surgeon leaves a small thyroid
remnant in situ to preserve thyroid function, thereby preventing lifelong thyroid hormone
supplementation therapy.
 Total thyroidectomy involves the removal of the entire thyroid gland

16. Summary
Hyperthyroidisms is a pathological disorder in which excess tyroid harmone is synthesized and
secrated by the thyroid gland.it is characterized by normal or high thyroid radioactive iodine
uptake(thyrotoxicosis with hyperthyroidism or true hyperthyroidism)

17. Conclusion
 Hyper thyroidism is the production of too much thyroxine harmone whicha can
increase metabolism.
 Symptoms include unexpected weight loss,rapid or irregular heartbeat,sweating
and irritability .
Bibliography:
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/46392
https://www.verywellhealth.com/thyroid-disease-medications-3231845

18. THANK YOU
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