Powerpoint notes over Chapter 4 of National Geographic's World cultures test. Covers North America current events, including globalization and immigration issues.

2. Diversity in the U.S.
 Immigration is an important part of cultural change in
the United States.
 We are known as the “melting pot”
 An immigrant is a person who takes up permanent
residence in another country.
 Waves of immigration in the United States:
 1600s – European colonists
 1820-1870 – Irish and German
 1880 – Southern and eastern Europe
 1960s – Asia and the Caribbean islands
 Today – Mexico, China, the Philippines and India

4. Diversity in
Canada
 Rather than a “melting pot”, Canada
refers to itself as a “mosaic”
 Due to its history, Canada has two
official languages: English and French
 After WWII, many Europeans who had
lost their homes moved to Canada
 Historically, Canada has welcomed
immigrants to help build their
economy Canadian, Please (2:30)

5. The Changing
Economy
 Manufacturing, or using machines to make raw materials
into a usable product, have long been an important part
of the U.S. and Canadian economy
 Both the U.S. and Canada have dynamic, or rapidly
changing, economies
 Technology – 8 out of 10 households have computers
 Fiber optics – optical fibers that transmit data via voice, text,
and visual messages
 In 2007, the economy faced a recession, or slowdown in
economic growth
 Unpaid debts led to the collapse of several major banks

6. Globalization & Mexico
 Globalization is the development of a world economy based on
free trade and the use of labor from other countries
 For much of Mexico’s history, major industries were
nationalized, or placed under government control
 In the 1980s, the government began to release control of
industries to private investors
 In 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA),
encouraged trade between Canada, the United States, and
Mexico
 Economic activity in Mexico is divided between three economic
sectors: agriculture, manufacturing, and service

7. Mexico & Democracy
 Mexico has struggled to establish a democracy for over
200 years.
 The government was dominated by the Institutional
Revolutionary Party (PRI) from 1929-2000
 In 1996, the government enacted reforms, or changes, to
make elections more fair
 The election of Vicente Fox in 2000 brought about a multi-
party democracy, with more than one party running
candidates in each election

8. Mexico’s Challenges
 Mexico still faces many challenges and growth
hasn’t happened for many poor people.
 Many people migrate to the U.S. to find work.
This causes tension between the U.S. and
Mexico, since many people immigrate illegally
to the U.S

10.  A war between the government
and drug cartels that escalated in
2009 has caused hundreds of
deaths and led to a decrease in
tourism
 One positive trend: climbing
literacy rate
 By 2000, nearly 90% of Mexicans
could read and write
 High literacy rates help society be
more productive

11. Why DO People Migrate from one
place to another?
1. STARTING OVER
 Migrants are people who move from one region or country to
another.
 Immigrants are people who move specifically to a new country.
 Why would people uproot their lives and start over in a
new place?
 Push-pull factors
 Push factors- conditions that drive people away from an area,
such as low standard of living or war.
 Pull factors- conditions that attract people to a new area, such
as high-paying jobs and good schools.

12. Why DO People Migrate from
one place to another?
2. JOBS
 International migration consists of people moving
from poorer countries to wealthier countries.
 Cities that attract larger numbers of immigrants are
called gateway cities.
 Immigrants can contribute to gateway cities by:
1. Paying taxes
2. Buying homes/paying rent
3. Purchasing goods
4. Reviving city neighborhoods
5. Bringing their culture

13. Welcome to Toronto!
A GATEWAY CITY

14. Welcome to Phoenix!
A GATEWAY CITY
Welcome to Nogales, AZ!
A GATEWAY CITY

16. Challenges & Rewards of
Migration
 Learning a new language-
Challenge/Reward
 A new start at life- Challenge/Reward
Can you think of any other
rewards or challenges?

18. U.S.A. / Canada
Border
① Visualize the pictures that I
showed you from the U.S.A. /
Canada Border
② Tell your partner what you “see”

21. U.S.A. / Mexico
Border
① Visualize the pictures that I
showed you from the U.S.A. /
Mexico Border
② Tell your partner what you “see”

25. Border Comparisons
① If I say “RING OF FIRE”, what song do you think
of??
① Let’s try another one….If I say “Pacific Ocean”
what song would you hear?
② How about “Rocky Mountains”
Ring of Fire by Johnny Cash
The Tide is High by Blondie
Rocky Mountain High by John Denver
Keep the Fire Burning by REO Speedwagon
Free Falling by John Mayer

26. Border Comparisons
①What do you know about
SIMILES?
②Try finishing these common
similes:
• As sly as a __________
• As cool as a ________________
• As ___________ as a bone
• As ___________ as a bat

27. Border Comparisons
①benefit
 name 3 synonyms
①hindrance
 name 3 synonyms

28. ANY QUESTIONS???