FIRST YEAR DIPLOMA PHARMACY PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-I

1. OFFICIAL PREPARATIONS..
1.IRON.
2.IODINE.
3CALCIUM.
PROF.SANDIP MAVCHI..7506929220

2. OFFICIAL COMPOUNDS OF ……..
IRON
IODINE
CALCIUM Prepared By: Prof. S. N.
Mavchi

3. IRON.. ( )
is a chemical element with the symbol Fe.
Latin: ferrum.
atomic number 26
Fresh iron surfaces appear lustrous silvery-
gray, but oxidize in normal air to give
iron oxides, also known as rust. ( )

4. ROLE OF IRON…
1.Iron has fundamental role in the hemoglobin
molecule. Hemoglobin is the molecule that
carries oxygen to the tissues from the lungs
and returns with carbon dioxide from the
cells.
2.Myoglobin, which is responsible for energy
production in the muscles.
3.Iron is required for the production of red
blood cells known as haematopoiesis.
4.The production of enzymes which play a
vital role when it comes to the production of
new cells, amino acids, hormones and
neurotransmitters.

5. HOW HEPCIDIN REGULATES IRON
ABSORPTION

6. Hemoglobin…..

7. Iron exist in the body in the
following forms…
i) Hemoglobin(66%).
ii) As a Myoglobin in muscles(3%).
iii) As a ferritin and haemosiderin(25%).
iv) As a constituent of enzymes(6%).
 To increase Hb level in the blood by 1g/dl
about 200mg of iron is needed.
 Iron is stored only in ferric form, in
combination with a large protein
apoferritin.
 Apoferritin + Fe+3
Ferritin
Haemosiderin.
 Iron is stored in reticular endothelial cells

8. IRON STORED IN LIVER,SPLEEN BONE MARROW…

9. RECOMMENDED DIETARY IRON INTAKE
IRON mg per Day
Infants (7-12 months) 11
Children (1-13 years) 8-10
Boys (14-18 years) 11
Girls (14-18 years) 15
Women (19-50 years) 18
Pregnant Women 27
Breastfeeding Women 9-10
Women over 50 years 8
Men over 19 years 8

10. Ferrous sulphate….
Chem. Form.: FeSO4.7H2O
Mol. Wt.: 278.0
Synonyms: Iron Vitriol, Green
Vitriol, Ferrosi sulfas.

11. Properties:
 Transparent green crystals or as pale bluish
green crystalline powder.
 Odorless & it’s taste is metallic and astringent.
 Freely soluble in water & insoluble in an
alcohol.

12. Effect of heat..
2( FeSO4,7H2O)
Fe2O3+SO2+H2SO4+13H20.
When heated at higher temp. it
decomposes ,to ferric
oxide,sulfurdioxide &
Sulfuric acid

13. Uses:
 Prophylactically It Is Used In Pregnancy In Women's.
 As An Astringent-it’s Ferric Form Is Used In Throat
Paint.
 Used As Dye Fabrics And In Tanning Leather.
 Used In The Manufacturing Of Ink That Is Used In
Photography.
 It Also Posses Disinfectant Property.

14. 1.ferrous sulfate is used to prevent and to treat
diff…
1) Megaloblastic
anemia is a
blood disorder
in which there
is anemia with
larger-than-
normal red
blood cells.

15. 2) Iron Deficiency Anemia or Microcytic Anemia…
It is where
the red
blood cells
appear
smaller than
normal.

16. 3) Pernicious Anemia
This is a kind of
anemia also
called Vitamin
B12 deficiency
anemia.
symptoms,
numbness of feet
and hands, eye
vision problems,
and difficulty in
walking.

17. 4) Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia
This anemia
results from lack
of folic acid.
 Folic acid is
necessary for
proper
functioning of the
nervous system
and in
maintaining the
blood health

18. 5) Aplastic Anemia
It is one of the
rare anemia
types. This is
commonly caused
by chemotherapy,
radiation therapy,
and some other
medications.

19. 6) Sickle Cell Anemia
This kind of disease is
characterized by
sickle-shaped red
blood cells. These
cells have faster rate
of breaking down
than the normal cells.
This often results to
red blood cell
shortage. It is a type
of anemia where rapid
loss of red blood cell
occurs.

20. 7) Thalassemia
 This can cause the
formation of abnormal
hemoglobin molecules,
thus causing anemia.
 Some of its symptoms
include dark urine,
yellow eyes and skin,
fatigue, swollen
abdomen, and
weakness.

21. Uses:
 Used as Haematinic in the treatment of
Meghaloblastic anaemia.
 Prophylactically it is used in pregnancy
in womens.
 As an astringent-it’s ferric form is used
in throat paint.
 Used as Dye fabrics and in tanning
leather.
 Used in the manufacturing of ink that is
used in photography.

22. Official Preparations of Iron:
 Ferrous Sulphate.
 Ferrous Fumarate.
 Ferrous Gluconate
Iron & Ammonium Citrate.
 Ferrous succinate B.P.
 Ferric chloride B.P.C.
 Iron phosphate B.P.C.
 Iron Dextran Injection B.P.
 Iron sorbitol Injection B.P.

23. Iodine…..
Iodine is
necessary
for synthesis
for 2 thyroid
hormones
namely
T3(Triiodoth
yronine)
Thyroxine
(T4).

24. T3 AND T4……..

27. HYPERTHYROIDISM(Thyrotoxicosis)
'Overactive
Thyroid‘
Hyperthyroidism
is a condition in
which the
thyroid gland
makes too much
thyroid
hormones.

28. Symptoms..
Goiter (visibly
enlarged
thyroid) may be
present.

29. SYMPTOMS….
Weight loss
Increased appetite
Nervousness
Restlessness
Heat intolerance
Increased sweating
Fatigue
Frequent bowel movements
Menstrual irregularities in women

30. CONT….
Weakness
Sleeping difficulty
Clammy skin
Skin blushing or flushing
Bounding pulse
Nausea and vomiting
Lack of menstruation
Itching - overall
Heartbeat sensations

31. CONT…
Hand tremor
Hair loss
Diarrhea
Breast development in men
High blood pressure
Protruding eyes
(exophthalmos)

32. Symptoms Of Hyperthyroidism

33. Proptosis (protrusion of eyes)
in Grave's Disease …
In persons with
Graves’ disease,
the tissues
around the eye,
including the
orbital fat and
eye muscles,
become swollen
and inflamed.

34. Therapeutic uses of Iodine:
1.Iodine is an essential trace element for
life.
(Iodised salt also spelled iodized salt
is table salt mixed with a minute amount
of various salts of the element iodine.)
2. Disinfectant and water treatment.
3. In Hyperthyroidism,goiter
4.A fibrolytic agent in syphilis.
5.An expectorant & bactericidal agent.
Ref..remaining in IODINE monograph.

35. Cont…
 Refer to chapter Expectorants &
Emetics. “Potassium Iodide”
 Iodine & Povidone Iodine refer to
Antimicrobials & astringents.

36. 3) official preparations of Calcium:
1.Calcium Gluconate:
Chem. Form.: C12H22O14Ca.H2O
Mol.Wt.: 448.40.
Synonyms: Calcium glucon,
Calcii gluconas, Calcium
D-gluconate monohydrate.

37. Properties:
White crystalline powder or as a
white granules.
Odorless and almost tasteless.
Slowly soluble in boiling water &
insoluble in alcohol.
Neutral to litmus, stable in air.

38. 2.Used In The Treatment Of…
hypocalmic Tetany.
A disease caused by
low level of calcium
in the blood.
It is characterized by
hyperexcitability of
the neuromuscular
system and result
spasms

39. Uses…..
1.10% calcium
gluconate
solution
(given intraveno
usly) is the form
of calcium most
widely used
hypocalcemia.

40. Cont…
3.Internally it is ionized into Ca+2
i.e.
used by the body when needed.
 For E.g.
a)Essential electrolyte for
electrolyte balance.
b) Constituent of bones.
c)Necessary for muscular
contraction

41. Cont…
d) Necessary for the development of
action potential.
e) Ca+2 Involved in blood coagulation.
f) Used in fractures, dental carries, period
of growth, Pregnancy, weakness &
lactation.

42. Rickets…

43. Rickets is a softening of
bones in children due to
deficiency or impaired
metabolism of vitamin D,
magnesium, phosphorus
or calcium.

44. Osteomalacia is
the softening of the bones
caused by defective bone
mineralization DUE TO
inadequate amounts of
available phosphorus and
calcium.

45. OSTEOMALACIA

46. Osteoporosis ("porous bones",
from Greek: ostoun meaning "bone"
and poros meaning "pore") is a
diseaseof bones that leads to an
increased risk of fracture In
osteoporosis The Bone Mineral
Density (BMD) Is reduced, bone
micro architecture deteriorates, and
the amount and variety of proteins in
bone is altered .

47. Action potential…
An action potential
is a short-lasting
event in which the
electrical membrane
potential of a cell
rapidly rises and
falls, following a
consistent
trajectory .

50. Ca+2 Involved in blood coagulation.

51. Official preparations of Calcium:
Calcium Carbonate (Antacid)
 Calcium Gluconate (Calcium replenisher)
 Calcium Folinate (Antidote for folate antagonists)
 Calcium chloride (Calcium replenisher)
 Calcium lactate (Calcium replenisher)
 Calcium Levutinate (Calcium replenisher)
 Dibasic calcium phosphate (Calcium supplements)
 Tribasic calcium phosphate (Dibasic)
 Calcium Pantothenate (Vit. B enzyme cofactor).

52. THANK YOU