1. - 1 -
1.Motivation
Project Based Learning allows teachers to create tasks whose complexity and openness mimic problems
in the real world. Students can see the interdisciplinary nature of these tasks, and see that each task may
have more than one solution. Students who have the freedom to choose different strategies and
approaches may become more engaged in the learning process, and these students will be more likely to
approach other problems with an open mind. In addition, students who are involved in creating the
project assignment or the project checklist gain valuable experience in setting their own goals and
standards of excellence. This gives students a sense of ownership and control over their own learning.
Learners have the added opportunity to identify related sub-topics and explore them in a project based
scenario. Teaching with the project based method enables students to work cooperatively with peers and
mentors in a student-centered environment where learners are encouraged to explore various topics of
interest. Projects that have depth, duration, and complexity will challenge students and motivate them
towards construction of knowledge. They will acquire problem-solving, communication, collaboration,
planning, and self- evaluation skills. After completing a project, ask students to create a self-evaluation
of the project. This enables the students to focus on their learning process and allows them to see their
progress. Self-evaluation gives students a sense of accomplishment and further instills responsibility for
learning.
2.Overview
2.1 Significance of the project
Resilient buildings are those that can withstand the impact of natural disasters with minimum damage to
their structure and occupants. In order to achieve better resilience, buildings have to be planned,
designed, constructed and maintained as per architectural and engineering norms and standards.Due to
ongoing collisions between tectonic plates that have historically caused the country’s deadliest tremors,
Nepal is extremely prone to earthquakes, landslides and avalanches. Clearly, there is a need for
sustainable and structurally sound buildings that will not crumble as easily in future natural disasters.
2.2 Strategic Objective of the project
These are the main Strategic objectives of the project:
Carrying out of complete analysis and design of the main structural element of the multistoried
building including slabs,columns,shearwalls etc.
Getting familiar with structural softwares like SAP2000,Autocad .
Getting real life experience with engineering practices.
identification of structural arrangement.
modeling of the building for structural analysis.
detail structural analysis using structural analysis program.
Sectional design of structural components.
Structural detailing of members and system.
2. - 2 -
2.3 Background of the project
In Nepal, we use an age-old construction technology in making our traditional buildings. This
technology uses bricks, stone, timber and metal works. However, since the past five decades, new
materials such as reinforced concrete, glass and steel are being used in modern buildings. While some
materials may be appropriate, many of them are not suited to the local climate and culture. For example,
the use of marble, which was in vogue two decades ago, is being gradually abandoned in the hilly areas
of Nepal because it does not suit cold climate. There are two streams of modern construction technology
in Nepal: reinforced cement concrete (RCC) structures and load bearing structures. There is a general
notion that RCC structures are much stronger than load bearing structures. This is not true. RCC
structures are appropriate in multi-storied buildings designed and constructed by competent architects
and engineers. They require strict quality control in selection as well as the erection of the formwork. It
requires high quality workmanship in formwork, bar bending, mixing, transporting, pouring and curing
of concrete. Failure to maintain quality may reduce the strength of the concrete, which makes the
building structurally weak.
Therefore, we should be very careful while adopting RCC technology, particularly in rural areas of
Nepal. Load bearing structures are appropriate in low-rise buildings in rural and suburban areas. Stone,
brick or hollow concrete masonry are very common in such structures. Timber structures are also
appropriate where applicable. Load bearing structures can be made earthquake resistant by providing
horizontal and vertical ties and other structural detailing. They are less complicated because they use
traditional materials with local craftsmanship. The materials from a collapsed building can be easily
salvaged and reused. People have adopted this technology for many generations and it has become a part
of local culture. We can say that load-bearing structures are more resilient in the present Nepali context.
Our ultimate goal is to create a resilient community which can withstand the impact of natural disasters.
Hence, we should think globally but act locally in planning, designing and constructing buildings to
fulfill our needs. Selection of proper sites, provision of community infrastructure, appropriate
technology and compliance with building codes and bye-laws are some of the most important
prerequisites for constructing resilient buildings.
2.4 Description of the project
The concept of the multistoried building has changed through out the history depending on the height of
urban structure which in turn have been determined by social,economic and urban construction
requirements. Residential and public multistory building become wide sprayed ancient Greek and roman
cities as a result of the need for accelerated construction in expensive dwellings to house. The low
income population (for eg. ancient Romaninsulae ). They were wide spread in medieval cities because
only a limited amount of territory could protected by town walls examples of the medieval multistory
building were the residences of the wealthy European city-dwellers, which had living quarters,
workshop and commercial establishments on the first two floors and ware house on the upper floors.
There is no undefined classification of multistoried buildings. It is customary to consider qualitative
changes (as a result of great heights ) in planning design and technical equipment as criteria for putting a
building in the category of multistoried buildings. Such buildings require special provisions for fire
safety (structures within creased fire resistant, smoke-free staircases systems of water supply for fire
fighting and smoke removal equipment) and structural stability under the impact of
windloads(includingdynamicloads).Elevatorfacilitiesandmechanicalequipmentareparticularlycomplex in
multistory buildings. In the last two decade there has been considerable progress in the construction
3. - 3 -
industry. During the period the Nepalese contractors have been able to develop their management skill,
improve working capacity, financial and technical capabilities, and acquire suitable construction
equipments. As a result local contractors have been able to compete and participate in mega construction
project. Basically this project tries to explore the development of construction industry in Nepal; identify
challenges faced by the contractors as well as the prospect of construction industry building new
Nepal.Physical infrastructure development is the major tools that led to prosperous and developed
nations. National infrastructure system must be connected through global and regional links if countries
are to benefit from the expansion of markets and trade through globalization. Infrastructure development
offers the foundation on which a country can seize and capitalize on the opportunities ushered in by
globalization and regional integration.
3.Methodology
The methodology of the project from title selection step to final report preparation step is given below in
flow-chart.
Title Selection
Proposal Writing and Approval (proposal defense)
Study of Architectural Drawing
Preliminary Design
Load Calculation
Modellingand Analysis
Design and check
Result interpretation
Detailing
Preparation of detail drawing
Group Formation
4. - 4 -
3.1Method of data analysis
The collected data and information would be entered in computer and analysis with graphic, tabular and
explanatory form.
Sample Gantt chart
Activities Week1 Week2 Week3 Week4 Week5 Week 6
Proposal
writing
Proposal
presentation
Site
investigation
Design
Analysis
Final project
report
Final
presentation
4.Features
Some key aspects of building anatomy are described below. The common features that influence the
building design are:
Open plan areas that can be configured to suit the client requirements.
Partitioned space for executive offices, conference room etc. Partitions should be moveable for
future re-configuration.
Communal space for toilets, kitchens, etc, which are often located near to service risers.
Access space for lifts, stairs and services maintenance, including means of escape in fire.
Featured space, such as the entrance lobby, atria, and penthouse.
Service plant areas which may be located on the roof or in the basement.
Below ground car parking in some cases.
5.Site location
This project aims to design and analyze a structure resistant to seismic forces. The project is
Multistoried Commercial Complex building with 7 stories (ground + 6 stories) with flat roof and with an
5. - 5 -
earthquake resisting according to NBC and I.S. codes. The proposed land lies at Gaindakot-1,
Nawalparasi about 1km distance from East-West Highway as shown below.
As per the visual classification of sub-surface soil type, the soil condition of this location was found to
be clayey soil having low bearing capacity. This is a project mainly based on building that provides
maximum safety against earthquake at reasonable cost. Since our site is located at Gaindakot with
moderate temperature and there is no possibility of snow fall.
Fig. Location plan
6.Hardware and Software Requirements
Many software programs are available for each discipline of civil engineering. Most civil engineers
practice in specialized subsets of civil engineering.For eg.AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided
design (CAD) and drafting software application.AutoCAD is a computer-aided drafting software
program used to create blueprints for buildings, bridges, and computer chips, among other things.
Discover how AutoCAD is used by drafters and other professionals.
By the help of SAP2000;Complex Models can be generated and meshed with powerful built in
templates. Integrated design code features can automatically generate wind, wave, bridge, and seismic
loads with comprehensive automatic steel and concrete design code checks per US, Canadian and
international design standards. Advanced analytical techniques allow for step-by-step large deformation
analysis, Eigen and Ritz analyses based on stiffness of nonlinear cases, catenary cable analysis, material
6. - 6 -
nonlinear analysis with fiber hinges, multi-layered nonlinear shell element, buckling analysis,
progressive collapse analysis, energy methods for drift control, velocity-dependent dampers, base
isolators, support plasticity and nonlinear segmental construction analysis. Nonlinear analyses can be
static and/or time history, with options for FNA nonlinear time history dynamic analysis and direct
integration.
7.Seismic Zonal mapping of purposed site with respect to NBC
