Bioenergy policies and future stratgies

1. Bioenergy Policies and Future
Strategies
S K SINGH
CENTRE FOR ENERGY STUDIES
IIT DELHI

2. Indian Power Sector
Coal,
56.2%
Hydro,
12.6%
Nuclear,
1.9%
RE, 22.4%
Gas,
6.9%
Source Installed capacity in GW
Coal 202.53
Gas 24.94
Nuclear 6.78
Hydro 45.40
Renewable 80.63
Total 360.28

3. Renewable Energy
 India made a pledge that by 2030, 40% of installed power generation
capacity shall be based on clean sources.
 175 GW of renewable energy capacity will be installed by 2022
60GW
10GW
5 GW
100GW

4. Bioenergy
 Bioenergy is energy generated from organic matter, such as biomass,
biodegradable agricultural & Industrial wastes, municipal solid waste,
sewage/wastewater etc.
 Traditional used as wood combustion to gain energy.
 Modern use as biogas, Bio-CNG, liquid biofuels, pellet/briquettes etc.
 Bioenergy produced through modern technologies can be used in various
applications like transport fuel, cooking purposes, thermal applications in
industries etc.

5. BIOGAS PROGRAMMES
 Waste to Energy Programme
 All type of organic waste
Biogas plant size >2500m3 /day
 Biogas Scheme
 RURAL Areas
Biogas plant size <2500m3 /day
 National Policy of Biofuels
 Gobar-Dhan
 RURAL Areas
Biogas plant size <2500m3 /day

6. Waste to Energy Programme
 Program on Energy from Urban, Industrial and Agricultural Wastes/ Residues”
 To promote setting up of projects for recovery of energy in the form of Biogas / Bio-
CNG/Enriched Biogas/ Syngas/Power-from urban, industrial and agricultural wastes.
 Target- Industrial, Agricultural & Urban waste.
 Biogas plants in the size range of>2500m3/day and power generation capacity range
of>250kW.
 Estimated potential of energy recovery from urban and industrial organic waste only
=
5690 Mw
 Achievement = 330 MW

7.  Ministry of Road Transport and Highways has also amended the Central
Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 and included the provisions for usage of biogas,
in the form of bio-CNG, in motor vehicles produced from waste.
 Concessional Customs Duty and GST at rate of 5% for initial setting up of
grid connected projects for power generation.

8. Biogas Scheme
 New National Biogas and Organic Manure Programme(NNBOMP)–Family
type Biogas Plant size ranging from 1m3/day to 25m3/day.
 Biogas Power Generation (Off-grid) and Thermal energy application
Programme (BPGTP)-Community scale Biogas plants in the size range of
30m3/day to 2500m3/day and power generation capacity range of 3kW to
250kW.
 Target - RURAL AREAS
 To provide clean cooking fuel for kitchens and to improve supply of organic
bio-manure system.

9.  Promotion of decentralized RE for power
generation and thermal energy for
heating/cooling from biogas for Dairy
cooperatives, Individual farmers/
organizations and communities.
 POTENTIAL : 12million Biogas plants
 ACHIEVEMENT:
 NNBOMP (1-25m3/day) –5 million Biogas
plants.
 BPGTP (30-2500m3/day)-Power
generation capacity -8.753 MW
 Biogas generation capacity-86,595
m3/day

10. National Policy of Biofuels
 To increase the usage of Biofuels in energy and transportation
sector.
 To utilize, develop and promote domestic feedstock and conversion
of surplus quantities of food grains to ethanol
 To enable availability of biofuels in the market thereby increasing its
blending percentage
 Target-Agricultural waste & surplus food – grain
 Strategy and approach
 Ethanol Blended Petrol(EBP) Programme
 Biodiesel Blending Programme
 TARGET (BLENDING):20% Ethanol, 5% Biodiesel
 Achievement : 5% Ethanol, <1% Biodiesel

11. Gobar-Dhan
 “Galvanising Organic Bio-Agro Resources Dhan”(Feb2018)
 Biogas from Bio-waste in villages
 Clean Villages
 Part of Clean India Mission(Rural) to manage rural Biowaste.
 Rural India generates enormous quantities of bio- waste including
animal waste, kitchen leftovers, crop residue, market waste.
 State, Districts and Gram Panchayat are key Stakeholders

12. Kyoto protocol:
 Proposal in Cop3:11 December 1997,
KYOTO protocol.
 It commits industrialize countries to
reduce overall green house gas
emission by 5.2% of 1990 level by 2012
 Principal of "common but differentiated
responsibility" that means developed
country will have to contribute more
than developing
 3 legally binding agreements
 Introduced emission/carbon trading
 Introduced Clean development
mechanism(CDM)
 Introduced Joint Implementation

13. Clean development
mechanism(CDM)
 It allows to build emission reduction
projects in developing countries to earn
certified Emission Reduction Credits(ERC),
each equivalent to 1 tonne of carbon
dioxide.
 And these saleable emission reduction
credit can be used by industrialized
countries to Meet their emission reduction
targets under Kyoto protocol.
 It can help market as well as climate.
 It works on carbon Cap and trade
mechanism
 It gets Funding through adaptation fund
which earn through 2% levy on Certified
emission reduction units.

14. Objective of CDM
 Help to slow and prevent climate change.
 Guide developing nations to develop sustainable method of development .
 Promoting use of Bioenergy
 Assist developed nation to reduce their emission and move towards cleaner
source of energy, and reducing their dependency on fossil fuels.
 Fuel and electricity efficient Households and offices.
 Help countries to find and innovate new methods to reduce emissions.
 Made environmental problem’s solution more market oriented which
increases the chances of project’s success.
 Reducing the emission involved in manufacturing processes

15. Steps of Implementing projects:
 Project Identification.
 Government endorsement.
 Project development.
 Validation.
 Registration.
 Monitoring.
 Verification.
 Certification.

16. CDM IN BIOENERGY:
 The opportunity to address satisfy both the environmental and Rural socio-
economic problems by promoting bioenergy, will help in restructuring the
energy markets through favoring small-scale decentralized generation are some
of the factors that make bioenergy options particularly interesting in developing
countries like India.
 Developing countries such as Brazil, Thailand, Indonesia and Nigeria have large
biomass potential from different sources and are good candidates for bioenergy
technologies.
 Burning of Farming residue is very common in northern India, during crop
harvesting season.
 Small scales projects (1 to 100MW) are attractive option and also possess
low market risk(Hence attractive option for investment)

17. Collaboration of Private + Public
+International support.
Bioenergy plant act as
attractive destination for
CDM funding as it will have
high chances of getting
success as
will have easy access
to raw material
will provide
sustainable energy
will reduce air
pollution level in city
like Delhi.

18. CDM and
Sustainable
Development-
The India Story
 India has about 250 million certified emission
reduction units (CER) under CDM issued by
UNFCCC, the global administrator of Kyoto
protocol.
 The number of projects registered in India is
1376(out of total 7979 globally) and 89% of
which are still active.
 Numerous studies show that most CDM
projects fail to deliver sustainability benefits.
 The sustainability criteria of CDM projects
lacks specificity, transparency and strictness.
 This has allowed large corporates to skirt
sustainable development commitments.

19. References:
 https://sbm.gov.in/Gobardhan/SLRM_AboutUs.aspx
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6427124/
 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032114000367
 https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-kyoto-protocol/mechanisms-under-the-
kyoto-protocol/the-clean-development-mechanism
 https://ccacoalition.org/en/file/6375/download?token=lTBiOKVA
 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/248353410_Promoting_bioenergy_through_th
e_clean_development_mechanism