2. • Formed under the act of parliament-
AIRPORTS AUTHORITY OF INDIA ACT 1994.
• Organization under the Ministry of Civil
Aviation that manages all the airports in India.
• Major revenue is generated from airports
development, landing/parking fees and fees
charged for providing Air Traffic Control
services to aircraft over the Indian airspace.
Airports Authority of India (AAI)

3. Services Provided by AAI
• Control and management of the Indian air space.
• Installation and maintenance of various
communication, navigation and surveillance aids.
• Design, development, operation and
maintenance of passenger terminals.
• Development and management of cargo
terminals.
• Passenger facilities and information system.
• Rescue and fire services.
• Anti-Hijacking cell.

4. Air Traffic Control
• A wing of AAI.
• Provides control over air traffic.
• Decides air-routes over Indian airspace.
• Responsibilities also includes
1.) Area flight information.
2.) Notice to air-men (NOTAM)
3.) Communication services.
4.) Navigational services.
5.) Surveillance services.

5. Phonetic Alphabet
A- Alpha J- Juliet S- Sierra
B- Bravo K-Kilo T- Tango
C- Charlie L- Lima U- Unifor
D- Delta M-Mike V- Victor
E- Echo N- November W-Whiskey
F- Foxtrot O-Oscar X- X-ray
G-Golf P- Papa Y- Yankee
H-Hotel Q-Quebec Z- Zulu
I - India R- Romeo

7. Communication
• Process of transferring information from one
source to another.
• Ground to Ground: Communication among
stations on the ground.
• Ground to Air: Between pilot and the air
traffic controller.
• Air to Air: Between the pilots of two aircrafts
in the air.

8. Communication
• HF or VHF is used for communication between
controller and pilot.
• Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication
Network(AFTN) is used for communication
among ground stations.
• AFTN uses basic copper wire as
communication media.

9. Navigation and NAV-AIDS
• It is a process of reading and controlling the
movement of an aircraft from one place to
another.
• NDB: Transmits guiding signals towards a
particular aircraft at a particular frequency.
• DVOR: Directional VHF omni-range measures
the angular orientation of the aircraft with
respect to the magnetic north.

10. Navigation and NAV-AIDS
I.L.S. (Instrument Landing System)
• Localizer : Helps aircraft to identify the central
line of runway.
• Range:- 10-25 NM
• Frequency:- 108-111.9 MHz
• Glide Path : Gives the glide angle i.e. angle of
declination achieve for safe landing.
• Range:- 10 NM(-8 to +8 degrees)
• Safe glide angle:- 2-4 degrees

11. Localizer

12. Glide Path

13. DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATES THE FUNCTIONING AND
POSITIONING OF
NAV-AIDS

14. DISTANCE MEASURING
EQUIPMENT(DME) :
• DME is used in navigational aid which provide a
pilot with visual info regarding his
position(distance) related to ground base DME
station.
• The frequency range used for DME is between
960 MHz to 1215 MHz . This frequency is used
because it has better frequency stability
comparative to next higher frequencies in
microwave band.
• It has less reflection and attenuation.

16. DVOR

18. MSSR POWER SUPPLY Bhopal
Raw
Supply
MCB
1
63A
MCB
2
63A
Main
Surge
filter 1
30KVA
UPS1
30KVA
UPS2MSF 2
40
Batteries
40
Batteries
O/P
SURGE
Filter
MCB
3
63A
DU
MSTD All
Mode
Search
Protection
Main
s BP
PCB
3P
T-1P
T-1P SpareRACK
Spare
T-1PT-1P
PCB
Commutator
Box
I II
Mode - S
Radar

19. Surveillance
• Monitoring from a distance, by means of
equipment installed at each airport, the
movement of all the aircrafts within its region
of operation.
• Primary and secondary radars are used to aid
surveillance in civil as well as military aviation.
• Surface Movement Radar is used to monitor
the movement of the aircraft on runways or
taxiways.

20. Radars at ATC
Primary Radar :
• No role of target.
• Detection range upto 60NM.
• Frequency range is between 2 to 4 GHz.
• Operates at 15RPM.
• Consumes more power.
Secondary Radar:
• Target has to participate in the detection process.
• Target uses a transponder to reflect signal back.
• Detection range is upto 220 NM.
• Frequency range is between 1 to 2 GHz.

21. VHF (Very High Frequency)
• The VHF (very high frequency) range of Radio
Spectrum is the band which extends from 30
MHz to 300 Mhz.
• Band used for communication at the airport is
118- 136 MHz.
• Less affected by atmospheric noise and
interference from electrical equipment.
• Easily blocked by land features than HF.

22. HF(High Frequency)
• The HF (high frequency) range of Radio
Spectrum is the band which extends from 3
MHz to 30 Mhz.
• Ionosphere wave propagation.
• At oceanic regions no LOS communication is
possible, hence HF is used.
• Noise immunity is very low.

23. Security Equipments Used in Airport
X-RAYs
• X -ray is used in x-ray baggage systems. In this
a baggage put in scanner ,then it would show
colour according to material.
Metal Detector
• Handheld Metal Detector
• Door Frame Metal Detector

24. Security Equipments
Baggage
Inorganic
Organic
Metal
HHMD
DFMD

25. Conclusion
• Very enriching experience
• Practical application of theoretical concepts in
form of various equipments and processes
• Cooperative and encouraging staff makes it a
true learning experience

26. Thank You