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Web Accessibility
1. Web Usability an Accessibility
By:
Sana Ullah(4849)
Salman Saeed khan(4884)
2. Content
• Web Accessibility
• Disabilities
• Vision impairment
• Hearing impairment
• Mobility impairment
• Cognitive Impairment
• Learning impairment
• Assistive Technologies
• Web Accessibility Standards
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3. Web Accessibility
“Accessible” means that people are able to use your
website even under limiting conditions.
To be accessible, your website must be:
• Perceivable (see, hear, touch)
• Operable (device independent)
Making your website accessible is like
providing a wheelchair ramp for your
building.
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5. Vision impairment
• Blind low vision, color blindness
• Challenges:
– Inability to view images or videos
– Inability to understand and navigate organization of Web
page
• What can you do to help?
– Provide alt tags for all images
– Provide headers and descriptions for tables
– Provide audio explanations for complicated diagrams and
images
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6. Hearing impairment
• Deaf or hard of hearing
• Challenges:
– Listening to audio/video clips
– Difficulty participating in real-time audio chats
• What can you do to help?
– Provide transcripts for audio
– Provide captioning for video
– Provide closed captioning or try access for live chats
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7. Mobility impairment
• Difficulty using fingers, hands, or arms
• Challenges:
– Unable to use mouse
– Unable to select small buttons or icons
– Unable to participate in real-time text chat
• What can you do to help?
– Make buttons and links reasonably large
– Provide keyboard alternatives for anything that requires a
mouse
– Provide audio alternatives for text requirements
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8. Cognitive Impairment
• Developmental disabilities
• Cognitive disabilities
– Affecting memory
– Attention
– Developmental maturity
– Problem-solving
– Logic skills etc.
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9. Learning impairment
• Effects the learning process involving one or more
abilities
– speaking
– Listening
– Reading, writing and spelling
– Reasoning and organizing
• Challenges:
– Getting lost in navigation
– Inability to understand cluttered content or worded clearly
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11. Assistive Technologies
It is a generic term that includes assistive, adaptive, and
rehabilitative devices for people with disabilities and
includes the process used in selecting, locating, and
using them.
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12. Examples of AT
• Screen Readers and magnifiers
• Refreshable Braille display.
• Captioning SW
• Voice Recognition SW
• Touch Screens
• Switches and pointer sticks
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13. Web Accessibility Standards
• W3C WCAG – Worldwide Web Consortium Web
Content Accessibility Guidelines
• Federal Section 508 – Web-based Intranet and
Internet Information and Applications (1194.22)
• Commonwealth of Massachusetts Web Accessibility
Standards, version 2.0
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14. Web Accessibility Standards 2.0
• HTML markup – A state agency web page must use HTML
markup tags according to industry standards. [1.1]
• Forms – Forms designed to be completed online and other
interactive elements must be accessible by people using
assistive technology. [1.5]
• Text Equivalents – A state agency web page must provide a
text equivalent for every non-text element. [3.1]
• Multimedia – A state agency web page must provide
synchronized auditory and readable text descriptions of the
important information on the visual track of a multimedia
presentation. [3.2]
• Audio – A state agency web page must provide a text
equivalent for information provided in audio format. [3.3]
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15. Web Accessibility Standards 2.0(continued)
• Color – A state agency must ensure that the use and selection
of color do not affect the information conveyed on a page.
[3.5]
• Document File Formats – All information published on a state
agency web page must be published in HTML, whenever
possible, to eliminate the need for additional software. [4.1]
• File Size Optimization – A state agency must optimize files to
improve download time. [5.1]
• Web Accessibility Statement – A state agency web site must
provide a link to a web accessibility statement. [6.1]
• Website Validation – A state agency must validate web
content against these Standards prior to posting and at
regular intervals after posting. [7.1]
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16. Testing Tools
• Testing tools include:
– SW used by disabled (e.g. JAWS)
– Emulators (e.g. Fangs)
– Compliance checkers
• Remember that tools are not people
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17. Design Tips
• Layout and Structure
– Use headings in content consistently
– Use the captions, summaries, and row and column headers for
tables
– Use appropriate metadata
• Navigation
– Use clear, descriptive text for hyperlinks
– Set hyperlinks to open in new window
– Use meaningful text for page titles
• Color
– Avoid using color as only indicator
– Avoid using red
• Text
– Use clear, simple language
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18. Design Tips
• Forms and tables
• Images
– Add meaningful alt text to all images
– For complex images, add a description link
– Avoid flickering images and unnecessary animated images
– Avoid using images of text
• Multimedia
– For audio clips, use a description link
– For video clips, use captioning or use a description link
– For video clips, provide a link to an audio file
– Provide a link to download appropriate audio/video player
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19. Benefits
Making your website accessible:
• Helps people with disabilities use the web.
• Separates content from presentation, making the
website easier to manage and web pages quicker to
download.
• Increases your site’s usability.
• Increases your websites visibility in search engines.
• Provides good publicity and addresses questions of
possible liability(responsibility).
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