Principle of Organic Farming

1. VAN YÜZÜNCÜ YIL ÜNIVERSITESI
ZIRAAT FAKÜLTESI
TARLA BITKILERI BÖLÜMÜ

2. OUTILNES
• Definitions
• World And Organic Farming
• Why Do We Need Organic Farming
• Advantages and Disadvantages
• Principles of Organic Farming
• Components of Organic Farming

3.  "Organic agriculture is a holistic production management system
which promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health, including
biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil biological activity.
 It encourages the use of management practices in preference to the
use of off-farm inputs, taking into account that regional conditions
require locally adapted systems.
 This is accomplished by using, where possible, agronomic, biological,
and mechanical methods, as opposed to using synthetic materials, to
fulfil any specific function within the system."
Definition
Food and Agriculture Organization FAO

4.  Organic agriculture is a production system that sustains the
health of soils, ecosystems and people.
 It relies on ecological processes, biodiversity and cycles
adapted to local conditions, rather than the use of inputs
with adverse effects.
 Organic agriculture combines tradition, innovation and
science to benefit the shared environment and promote fair
relationships and a good quality of life for all involved.
The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements IFOAM
Definition

5. World And
Organic
Farming

6. World Organic Agriculture by Region - 2017
Oceania
51%
Europe
21%
Latin America
11%
Asia
9%
North America
5%
Africa
3%
(IFOAM)

7. World Top Ten Countries with Largest Areas of
Organic Agricultural Land - 2017
1.37
1.74
1.78
1.88
1.91
2.03
2.08
3.02
3.39
35.65
0 10 20 30 40
Germany
France
India
Uraguay
Italy
USA
Spain
China
Argentina
Australia
Million Hectares

8. 520’886 h (#17)
World Growth of the Organic Farmland and
Organic Share 1999-2017

9. 1984-1985 Certified organic production begins for the export market
1992 The ecological agriculture association ETO is established
1994 First regulation on organic plant production is issued
1999 First National Symposium by ETO, the Ministry of Agriculture, and Ege University
2003 The Department of Organic Agriculture is established - Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs
# 17 - 520’886 hectare organic agricultural land
#8 - 75’067 producers

10. Why Do We Need Organic
Farming

11. Why Do We Need Organic Farming ??
 Rapidly degrading
soil fertility
 Food security
 Health hazards
 Environmental
Sustainability

12. Why do we need organic farming
Soil improvement
 Crop rotations, and cover crops to build soil fertility,
 Increase biologically available soil organic matter and beneficial
soil microbes,
 Improve soil physical properties,
 Reduce disease potential, and increase plant health.

13. Why do we need organic farming
Food Security
• Enhance household nutrient intake
• Healthy diet
• Fresh food availability
• Financial capital

14. Why do we need organic farming
Health
 Organic food consumption reduces the risk of allergic disease,
Cancer risk, and overweight and obesity.
 Eating organically grown food is likely to improve one’s intake of
minerals, vitamin C and antioxidant secondary nutrients.
 Reducing exposure to potentially harmful pesticide residues,
nitrates, GMOs and artificial additives used in food processing
 Reduce pesticide exposure; farmers.

15. Why do we need organic farming
Environment
 Decreasing pollution of groundwater: no synthetic fertilizers and
pesticides.
 Improving soil fauna and flora, improving soil formation and
structure and creating more stable systems.
 Sustainability over the long term.
 Mitigating the greenhouse effect and global warming; less fossil
fuel to produced chemicals.

16. Advantages and
Disadvantages

17. 1) Free from harmful chemical, or artificial flavor.
2) Regenerating the degraded soil, Improves and Maintaining
soil quality.
3) Reducing the risk of some diseases; heart attack, strokes
and cancer.
4) Healthy environment.
5) More nutritional food.
Advantages of Organic Farming

18. 1) Expensive produce
a. greater labour inputs per unit of output
b. post-harvest handling of small quantities results in higher
costs for processing and transportation.
2) The production is low, cannot fulfil demand on food.
Disadvantages of Organic Farming

19. Conventional vs Organic

20. Conventional Organic
Based on economical orientation Based on ecological orientation
Synthesized fertilizers Organic fertilizers ONLY
Herbicide, Pesticides Agricultural practices ONLY
Chemical residues in the product Chemical residues FREE
Environmental pollution Reduce pollution
Short-term soil fertility Long-term soil fertility
GMO is common NO GMO

21. The 4 Principles of
Organic Farming

22. should sustain and enhance
the health of soil, plant,
animal, human and planet as
one and whole.
Principles of Organic Agriculture
1)

23. Principles of Organic Agriculture
2)
should be based on living
ecological systems and cycles,
work with them, emulate
them and help to sustain
them.

24. should build on relationships that
ensure fairness with regard to the
common environment and life
opportunities.
Principles of Organic Agriculture
3)

25. should be managed in a protective
and responsible manner to protect
the health and well-being of current
and future generations and the
environment.
Principles of Organic Agriculture
4)

26. Organic Farming
6 Components

27. 1. Crop rotation
The planned order of specific crops planted on
the same field, and the succeeding crop belongs
to a different family than the previous one. The
planned rotation may vary from 2 or 3 year or
longer period.

28. Crop
Rotation
Disease
control
Increased
Soil OM
Erosion
control
Improve soil
structure
Increased
yield
Reduced
commercial
risk
Weed
control
Pest control

29. unharvested grass, or legume grown between cropping seasons to
provide ground cover resulting in improved soil quality/health,
nutrient availability and reduced erosion and runoff.
2. Cover Crops

30.  N fixation(legumes);
 improve availability of P, K, and other soil nutrients;
 add organic matter;
 protect the soil from erosion and compaction;
 improved water infiltration and soil moisture use efficiency;
 suppress weeds and disrupt pest and disease life cycles;
 provide habitat for beneficial organisms.
Benefits

31. 520’886 h (#17)Dying, or uprooted plants are turned
into the soil through tilling to decay
further and form nutrient for the soil to
increase its fertility.
3. Green Manure

32. 520’886 h (#17)
4. Compost
Composting is the natural process of 'rotting' or decomposition of
organic matter by microorganisms under controlled conditions.
 crop residues
 animal wastes
 food garbage

33. 520’886 h (#17)
Beneficial Effects of Compost Use
1) Increase in soil organic matter; humus content and composition,
soil microbiology and fauna
2) Increases the soil pH in acidic soils
3) Increases soil contents of available NPK and Micronutrients
4) Soil structure; porosity, water availability and infiltration
5) As effective as fungicides; control of Phytophthora and Pythium

34. 520’886 h (#17)
5. Mulching
It means covering the ground with a layer of loose material such as
compost, manure, straw, dry grass, leaves or crop residues etc...

35. 520’886 h (#17)
Benefits of Mulching
 conserve moisture
 prevent surface compaction or crusting
 reduce runoff and erosion
 control weeds
 improve soil quality
 protect produce quality

36. its an ecosystem approach to crop production and
protection that combines different management strategies
and practices to grow healthy crops and minimize the use
of pesticides.
6. Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

37. IPM strategies
1) Choose crops that have relatively few pests ;
2) Planting date; early or late;
3) Resistant varieties;
4) Crop rotation;
5) Eliminate weeds before planting and control while crops are in the field;
6) Biological pest control.

38. Ladybird feeding on aphids Ladybird larvae feeding on cotton aphids
Yellow sticky trap capture Thrips, whiteflies… Tuta absoluta trap

39. REFERENCE
1) The Food and Agriculture Organization, http://www.fao.org/organicag/oa-faq/oa-faq1/en/
2) The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements, https://www.ifoam.bio/en/organic-landmarks/definition-organic-agriculture
3) Reeve, J.R., Hoagland, L.A., Villalba, J.J., Carr, P.M., Atucha, A., Cambardella, C., Davis, D.R. and Delate, K., 2016. Organic farming, soil health, and food quality: considering possible
links. In Advances in Agronomy (Vol. 137, pp. 319-367). Academic Press.
4) Mie, A., Andersen, H.R., Gunnarsson, S., Kahl, J., Kesse-Guyot, E., Rembiałkowska, E., Quaglio, G. and Grandjean, P., 2017. Human health implications of organic food and organic
agriculture: a comprehensive review. Environmental Health, 16(1), p.111.
5) Heaton, Shane, 2001. Organic farming, food quality and human health: A review of the evidence. Soil Association
6) Mie, A. and Wivstad, M., 2015. Organic Food–food quality and potential health effects. A review of current knowledge, and a discussion of uncertainties.
7) Mie, A., Andersen, H.R., Gunnarsson, S., Kahl, J., Kesse-Guyot, E., Rembiałkowska, E., Quaglio, G. and Grandjean, P., 2017. Human health implications of organic food and organic
agriculture: a comprehensive review. Environmental Health, 16(1), p.111.
8) Mohler, C.L., 2009. Crop rotation on organic farms: a planning manual. Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service (NRAES).
9) Demiryürek, K., Stopes, C. and Güzel, A., 2008. Organic agriculture: the case of Turkey. Outlook on AGRICULTURE, 37(4), pp.261-267.
10) Lichtfouse, E. ed., 2010. Genetic engineering, biofertilisation, soil quality and organic farming (Vol. 4). Springer Science & Business Media.
11) Mohler, C.L., 2009. Crop rotation on organic farms: a planning manual. Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service (NRAES).
12) Mulches for Organic Farming Conservation Job Sheet 484.1, Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) April 2009
13) Behera, K.K., Alam, A., Vats, S., Sharma, H.P. and Sharma, V., 2012. Organic farming history and techniques. In Agroecology and strategies for climate change (pp. 287-328). Springer,
Dordrecht.
14) Trenton Roberts, 2018. Understanding Cover Crops, Division Of Agriculture research and extention. University of Arkansas, United States Department of Agriculture, and County
Governments Cooperating
15) Dangour, A.D., Dodhia, S.K., Hayter, A., Allen, E., Lock, K. and Uauy, R., 2009. Nutritional quality of organic foods: a systematic review. The American journal of clinical
nutrition, 90(3), pp.680-685.
16) Anton, D., Bender, I., Kaart, T., Roasto, M., Heinonen, M., Luik, A. and Püssa, T., 2017. Changes in polyphenols contents and antioxidant capacities of organically and conventionally
cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruits during ripening. International journal of analytical chemistry, 2017.
17) Mie, A., Andersen, H.R., Gunnarsson, S., Kahl, J., Kesse-Guyot, E., Rembiałkowska, E., Quaglio, G. and Grandjean, P., 2017. Human health implications of organic food and organic
agriculture: a comprehensive review. Environmental Health, 16(1), p.111.
18) Hemler, E.C., Chavarro, J.E. and Hu, F.B., 2018. Organic foods for cancer prevention—worth the investment?. JAMA internal medicine, 178(12), pp.1606-1607.
19) Lester, G.E., 2006. Organic versus conventionally grown produce: quality differences, and guidelines for comparison studies. HortScience, 41(2), pp.296-300.
20) Maffei, D.F., Batalha, E.Y., Landgraf, M., Schaffner, D.W. and Franco, B.D., 2016. Microbiology of organic and conventionally grown fresh produce. brazilian journal of
microbiology, 47, pp.99-105.