The document provides information on the flora and fauna of Bangladesh. It discusses over 6,000 plant species found in the country, including various food crops like rice, wheat, pulses, oilseeds, maize and potatoes. Cash crops mentioned include jute and tea. Medicinal plants described are basil, winter cherry, kalomegh and snake root. Common flowers include water lily, coral jasmine and sunflower. Major fruits grown are jackfruit, mango, litchi and pineapple. The mangrove forest and its plant species like sundari tree and nipa palm are also outlined. Regarding fauna, 1600 vertebrate and 1000 invertebrate species are noted, including the royal Bengal

2. Flora
Fauna

3. Flora
 More then 6,000 plant species occur in
Bangladesh.
 300 are exotic and 8 are endemic.
 3611 are angiosperms and 7 are gymnosperms.

4.  Crops (food crops and cash crops)
 Medicinal plants
 Flowering plants
 Fruit plants
 Forest tree

5. Food crops
Paddy
Rice is the stable food of
Bangladesh. Farmers harvest
paddy almost 80%. Rice
production is the largest
contributor to farm income, while
related trade and commerce are
important sources of rural non-
farm income. Bangladesh stands
in third position globally in rice
production.

6. Wheat
Wheat Second stable food
Bangladesh.1,180 thousand tons
harvest per Year. It requires plain
lands and water Extraction
system. Its importance as a food
and nutrition security crop has
increased since independence.
Wheat production has increased
steadily.

7. Pulses
Pulse is one of the best curries in
Bangladesh. Mainly It cultivate on
riverside area which are sandy.
Farmers cultivate pulses in winter
Season. pulses are the essential
components of the daily diets of
the people of Bangladesh, and
supplies of pulses are met by
importing and local production in
the country.

8. Oilseeds
Oil seed is one of the most important
sources of vegetable oil. It plays a
vital role in agricultural sectors of
Bangladesh. Our farmers harvest
coconuts, Peanut, mustards, black
seeds, Sunflowers, soybean,
linseeds. We harvest oilseeds in
winter seasons.

9. Maize
Maize is one of the fast growing
Food crops. Recently it occupying
The place of other crops. Maize can
be grown all year round and can
therefore be fitted in the gap
between the main cropping
seasons without affecting the
major crops.

10. Potato
Potatoes are a good source of fiber,
which can help you lose weight
by keeping you full longer. Fiber
can help prevent heart disease by
keeping cholesterol and blood
sugar levels in check. Mainly two
types of potatoes sweet And
round potatoes. We harvest
Potatoes in winter season. We use
it In different kind of curry.

11. Cash crops
Jute
Once one of the country's biggest
industries and major export items.
Bangladesh is one of the top jute
Producing country in the world.
Farmers harvesting jute in rainy
Season. We also earns foreign
currency by Exporting jute and
jute products.

12. Jute products
Jute is called golden fiber. The
Common jute products are bag,
Rope, hessian, curtain cloths. In
the fiscal year 2019-20 export
jute and its product worth
$882.35 million.

13. Mubarak Ahmad Khan is a
Bangladeshi scientist who has been
doing research into Jute's commercial
uses and Possibilities. And he
invented jute tin and jute bag.

14. Tea
Bangladesh is an important tea-
producing country. It is the
10th largest tea producer in the world.
Its tea industry dates back to British
rule, when the East India Company
initiated the tea trade in the hills of the
Sylhet region. This country export tea
worth $3.12 million in the fiscal year
2019-20.

15. Medicinal plants
Basil
Basil is an herb. The parts of the plant
that grow above the ground are used
to make medicine. Basil is used
for stomach spasms, loss of appetite,
intestinal gas, kidney conditions, fluid
retention, head colds, and worm
infections.

16. Winter cherry
Winter cherry is an evergreen
shrub that contains chemicals that
might help calm the brain, reduce
swelling, lower blood pressure, and
alter the immune system. We can use
root, leaf, Fruit, seed for medicinal
use.

17. kalomegh
Kalomegh is a plant which is also
known as “Green Chiretta”. It is
mainly used for: liver problems as it
protects the liver against damage. It
also helps to boost immunity and is
used to manage the symptoms of
the common cold, and allergies due
to its antimicrobial properties. It
might be good for diabetics as it is
effective in lowering blood sugar
levels by increasing insulin
secretion.

18. Snake root
Sarpagondha is also known as snake
Root. It’s leaves paste use for snake
bite. Another use of snake root is
high BP, Insomnia, high grade
fiver and intestine Infection.

19. Water lily
Water lily or shapla is the national
flower of Bangladesh. The
scientific name of the flower is
Nymphaeaceae. It is also located in
the center of the emblem
of Bangladesh. It’s an aquatic
flower.

20. Coral jasmine
Coral jasmine commonly known as
night jasmine is known in
Bangladesh as shiuli ful. It is a
highly perfumed flower. The tree is
sometimes Called the ''tree of
sorrow''. Its scientific name is
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis.

21. Sunflower
Sunflower is a common flower in our
country. This flower is an annual
plant. The scientific name of flower is
Helianthus annuus. This flower is
yellow that is a symbol of happiness
and truth. Sunflowers are a relatively
proved and a good oil seed crop in
Bangladesh.

22. Orange jasmine
Commonly known as Orange
jasmine or china box. It is most
beautiful flower. The scientific
name of flower is Murraya
paniculata. It bloom mid night.
They give off a sweet smell that
resembles orange blossoms and
will waft through your house quite
nicely. These waxy flowers will
show throughout the entire year
and are very attractive to bees.

23. Royal Poinciana
Royal poinciana is a common flower
in the world. It’s scientific name is
Delonix regia. It’s blooming time
is April to June. This flower is red
or orange and large in size.

24. Jackfruit
The jackfruit has been named as the
national fruit of Bangladesh and is a
fruit that has been in existence for
thousands of years. Jackfruit in
Bangladesh is viewed as delicious
sweet, tasty and juicy, use Jackfruit in
their curries and other cuisine.

25. Mango
Mangoes grow widely all over
Bangladesh and it is called the
king of fruits here. Each variety
has its own admirers. Some
better mangoes are the superior
grafted varieties whereas local
mango is also grown from
seedlings.

26. Litchi
The original home of Litchi is
china. Litchi can be grown in
every district of Bangladesh. It
stands second in production after
mango among the tree fruits
grown in the country.

27. pineapple
Pineapple is low in calories and
high in vitamins and minerals.
It is now cultivated in almost
all the districts of Bangladesh.
About 45,685 ha of land are
now under pineapple
cultivation with a total
production of about 2,34,865
m tons.

28. Sal tree
Shal or Sal (Shorea robusta) is a large
and deciduous robust tree with
straight trunk and few branches at
the top, usually 20-40 m high. Wood
is reddish brown. Sal believed as a
holy tree. Sal is generally used to
prevent diarrhea and dysentery due
to its astringent property.

29. Mangrove forest
Mangroves are defined as
assemblages of salt tolerant trees
and shrubs that grow in the
intertidal regions of the tropical and
subtropical coastlines. They grow
in the places where freshwater
mixes with seawater and where
sediment is composed of
accumulated deposits of mud.

30. Name of mangrove plants
 The name Sundarbans is thought to be derived
from sundari (Heritiera fomes), the name of the
large mangrove trees that are most plentiful in the area.
 The forestland transitions into a low-lying mangrove
swamp approaching the coast, which itself consists of
sand dunes and mud flats.
 There are other kind of tree like gewa (Excoecaria
agallocha), nipa palms (Nypa fruticans), and other
halophytic (salt-tolerant) species are the dominant flora in
the mangrove swamps.

31. Sundari tree
Sundari tree is a hard wood tree
and the colour is red. This is
suitable for making wooden
boats and furniture and the
wood also yields good quality
charcoal. Underground tissue of
Mangrove plants absorbs an
enormous amount of oxygen
and stores it. Hence, the roots
are known as breathing roots.

32. Nipa palm
Nipa Palm locally known as
golpata, Nypa fruticans. It is a
mangrove species, distributed
throughout the mangroves. people
make hats, baskets, umbrellas,
mats etc from nipa leaves.
Tapping of growing inflorescence
exudes sap that produces vinegar
and alcohol. Sap on produces
brown sugar.

33. Fauna
o 1600 species of vertebrate (22 species of amphibians,
708 fish,126 reptiles, 628 bird and 113 mammals)
o 1000 species of invertebrate( 30 of aphids, 20 bees,
178 of beetles, 135 species of flies)

34. Royal Bengal tiger
Royal Bengal tiger is one of the
Largest living cat in the world. It
is also our national animal. The
Royal Bengal tigers have
unique combination and pattern
of strips and no two tigers will
appear to be same. It is the only
breed of tiger in this world
which inhabits mangrove
forests and is found in
mangroves of Sundarbans.

35. Hoolock gibbon
Swift movements and shrill
whooping calls distinguish the
western hoolock gibbon. Its arms
are double the length of it’s legs.
The hoolock gibbons spend the
entire day in trees and only
climb down when necessary. It
is globally threatened species,
and in Bangladesh it is critically
endangered.

36. Clouded leopard
The Bangladeshi population is
found along the Himalayan
foothills and the Chittagong
Hill Tracts. it is s found
throughout Southeast Asia and
southern China. They spend
much of their time in trees.
Hunting of the leopard is
banned in most countries.
August 4 is international
clouded leopard day.

37. Elephant
The elephant is mostly found in the
wild in the Hill Tracts and is also a
protected animal. Elephant habitat
in Bangladesh is confined almost
entirely to the forested hills of the
east, and even there habitat is
giving way to monoculture
plantations of teak, rubber, and tea.
Only 200-350 wild elephants are
thought to survive, with herds
moving between Bangladesh and
neighboring India.

38. Spotted deer
The spotted deer is also very common
in the forests of the Sundarban. It’s
coat is bright spotted with white at all
ages and all seasons. They are seen in
herds of 10-30, which contains 2-3
stags. They are seen in grassy forest
glades, forest edges, woodland and
shaded streams in moist and dry
deciduous forests up to 1000 m.
Average height is (90 cm.) and weight
about (85 kg.)

39. Red ghost crab
Such a rare extinct species is Red
Ghost crabs, or also known as one-
legged red crabs. This endangered
crab was once one of the most
beautiful animals in Cox's Bazar
beach. Chemical reactions with red
crabs change the quality of the soil.
By changing the physical and
biochemical properties and
characteristics of the soil, it creates
an environment for the survival of
various organisms and plants. These
one-legged red crabs also reduce the
salinity of the beach soil.

40. Hilsa
In Bangladesh, Hilsa is locally known
as the “king of fish, "and it is also the
national fish of Bangladesh. “Ilish”
(Tenualosa ilisha). These are
migratory fish, sometimes also called
international fish. Hilsa roams the
oceans of the world under various
names. But Bangladesh produces
around 86% of the world and padma’s
hilsa tasty hilsa is our pride.

41. Shrimps
Shrims are considered by a variety of
health experts in the world. It is a
great source of high quality protein,
and provide some of the most
important vitamins and minerals.
They are low in calories and are
made up of extremely healthy
cholesterol. One of the major exports
earning industry of Bangladesh is
prawn. Bangladesh exports almost
$507 million of shrimp, 95% of the
country’s frozen food export. The
second largest export industry in
Bangladesh is the shrimp industry.

42. Thank you