1. DARK ROOM APPLIANCES
PROF. DR. D. SUNDARARAJAN. M.S.,D.O.,
Associate Professor in Ophthalmology,
Dr Rajvin Samuel Ponraj
MBBS (MS)
Meenakshi Medical College & Research Institute
Kancheepuram

3. PRISTLEY SMITH RETINOSCOPE

5. MIRROR RETINOSCOPE

6. RETINOSCOPE
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Flat handle with mirrors with hole on either side
Plane mirror on one side
Concave mirror on other side
Holes at centre to view through patient’s eye by
examiner
• Hole has +2D lens to exclude accomodation
error used to examine at 1mt distance
• To determine opacity of media
• To determine error of refraction.

8. TRIAL FRAME

9. TRIAL FRAME
• Adjustable with IPD by screw
• 3 compartments in front of eye
• Inner : to keep occluder, pin hole, stenopic
slit, presbyopic correction
• Middle : to place spherical lens
• Outer : to keep cylinder as in front, it is
graduated to know axis.

11. PLACIDO’S DISC

12. PLACIDO’S DISC
• Disc with alternate concentric dark and
light rings
• Central hole with +2D lens
• Disc attached to a handle
• Examining the reflected image of rings
over pt cornea
• To diagnose keratoconus, corneal surface
anamolies, ulcers.

14. MADDOX WING

15. MADDOX WING
• Instrument that dissociates retinal images
of 2 eyes for near
• To diagnose and measure heterophoria or
latent squint

17. MADDOX ROD

18. MADDOX ROD
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4-5 cylinders of red glass prisms
Fused side by side in a round disc frame
May give the effect given by
Deeply grooved red glasses(mad groove)
To detect heterophoria
As it dissociates two retinal images
As macular function test

20. RED AND GREEN
GLASSES/FILTERS

21. RED AND GREEN
GLASSES/FILTERS
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Red placed in front of right eye
Green glass in front of left eye
Used for diplopia charting
To test binocular vision in Worth’s four dot
test
• For malingering test

22. CONVEX SPHERICAL LENS

23. CONVEX SPHERICAL LENS
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Biconvex spherical lens mounted on (metal)
frame
Centrally thick
Images – magnified
Moves in opposite direction in all meridians on
moving lens.
Used in HM, Presbyopia, Aphakia, Compound
HM astigmatism, Mixed astigmatism,
Retinoscope, Placido’s disc, Slit lamp,
Operating microscope, Simple & Comp
microscopes, Telescopes

24. CONCAVE SPHERICAL LENS

25. CONCAVE SPHERICAL LENS
• Biconcave spherical lens in (metal) frame
• Centrally thin
• Images minified – moves in same
direction as lens moves (in all meridians)
• Used in Myopia, Compound myopic
astigmatism, Mixed astigmatism, Hruby’s
lens

26. CONVEX CYLINDRICAL LENS
• Magnified image seen thru it
• Image moves in opposite direction of lens
movement
• Image moves 90* perpendicular to axis
• Along axis – no movement
• Axis – plane of zero power
• Used in astigmatism – sim, comp, mixed

27. CONCAVE CYLINDERS
• Image moves in same direction of lens
movement & opposite to axis
• Along axis – no movement
• Used in astigmatism – sim, comp, mixed

29. OCCLUDER

30. OCCLUDER
• Black opaque disc
• To occlude one eye while testing /
correcting other eye

32. PIN HOLE

33. PIN HOLE
• Black opaque disc with small central 1 mm
hole
• Used to find out impaired vision due to RR
or ocular path involving media
• Used in macular function test

35. STENOPIC SLIT

36. STENOPIC SLIT
• Black opaque disc with vertical / horizontal
straight slit at centre
• To differentiate causes of haloes
• Fincham’s test