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1. PHR 110PHR 110
Scope of Pharmacy
Md. Saiful Islam
Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences
North South University
Facebook Group: Pharmacy Universe
Youtube Channel: Pharmacy Universe

2.  What is Pharmacy?What is Pharmacy?
 Pharmacy is the art and science of preparing andPharmacy is the art and science of preparing and
dispensing medications and the provision of drug-relateddispensing medications and the provision of drug-related
information to the public.information to the public.

It involves:It involves:
 -- the interpretation of prescription orders;the interpretation of prescription orders;
 - the compounding, labeling, and dispensing of drugs and devices;- the compounding, labeling, and dispensing of drugs and devices;
 - drug product selection and drug utilization reviews;- drug product selection and drug utilization reviews;
 - patient monitoring and intervention; and- patient monitoring and intervention; and
- the provision of cognitive services related to use of medications and- the provision of cognitive services related to use of medications and
devices.devices.
A. IntroductionA. Introduction

3.  Mission of Pharmacy:Mission of Pharmacy:
 The American Pharmacists AssociationThe American Pharmacists Association describes the mission ofdescribes the mission of
pharmacy as serving societypharmacy as serving society as “the profession responsible for theas “the profession responsible for the
appropriate use of medications, devices, and services to achieve optimalappropriate use of medications, devices, and services to achieve optimal
therapeutic outcomes.”therapeutic outcomes.”
 Pharmacists for the Future:Pharmacists for the Future:
 ““pharmacy should be conceived basically as a knowledge system thatpharmacy should be conceived basically as a knowledge system that
renders a health service by concerning itself with understanding drugs andrenders a health service by concerning itself with understanding drugs and
their effects.”their effects.”
 Important role of the pharmacist:Important role of the pharmacist:
 ““the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achievingthe responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving
definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life.definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life.
A. IntroductionA. Introduction

4.  Pharmacist:Pharmacist:
 Pharmacists are those who are educated and licensed toPharmacists are those who are educated and licensed to
dispense drugs and to provide drug information—they aredispense drugs and to provide drug information—they are
experts on medications.experts on medications.
 - they are the most accessible member of today’s health care team, and- they are the most accessible member of today’s health care team, and
 - often are the first source of assistance and- often are the first source of assistance and
 - advice on many common ailments and health care matters.- advice on many common ailments and health care matters.
A. IntroductionA. Introduction

5.  In USA there is currently one professional degree in pharmacy:In USA there is currently one professional degree in pharmacy:
the doctorate (PharmD).the doctorate (PharmD).
 The PharmD curriculum usually requires 6 academic years to completeThe PharmD curriculum usually requires 6 academic years to complete
the degree requirements.the degree requirements.
 Pharmacists who hold the baccalaureate in pharmacy degree (BSPharmPharmacists who hold the baccalaureate in pharmacy degree (BSPharm
or BPharm) may be admitted to a doctor of pharmacy programor BPharm) may be admitted to a doctor of pharmacy program
 The combined period of study may be longer than 6 academic years.The combined period of study may be longer than 6 academic years.
B. EducationB. Education

6.  GENERAL EDUCATIONGENERAL EDUCATION
 Courses in the social sciences, humanities, arts, history, and literatureCourses in the social sciences, humanities, arts, history, and literature
provide the broad general education required of a professional inprovide the broad general education required of a professional in
today’s society.today’s society.
 PREREQUISITE COURSESPREREQUISITE COURSES
 Mathematics and the physical and biological sciences teach theMathematics and the physical and biological sciences teach the
principles, the application of which find their way into many of theprinciples, the application of which find their way into many of the
upper-level professional pharmacy courses.upper-level professional pharmacy courses.
 PROFESSIONAL COURSESPROFESSIONAL COURSES
 Basic to most pharmacy curricula are courses in pharmacology,Basic to most pharmacy curricula are courses in pharmacology,
medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutics, biopharmaceutics, and the clinical-medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutics, biopharmaceutics, and the clinical-
pharmacy externships. Courses in social and administrative pharmacypharmacy externships. Courses in social and administrative pharmacy
as well as pharmacy law also are found in this sequence.as well as pharmacy law also are found in this sequence.
B. EducationB. Education

7.  The practice of pharmacy in any given state is regulated by that stateThe practice of pharmacy in any given state is regulated by that state
and the Board of Pharmacy within that state.and the Board of Pharmacy within that state.

The law in all states, requires applicants for licensure to beThe law in all states, requires applicants for licensure to be::
 of good moral character;of good moral character;
 have graduated from anhave graduated from an Accreditation Council for PharmaceuticalAccreditation Council for Pharmaceutical
EducationEducation (ACPE) accredited first professional degree program;(ACPE) accredited first professional degree program;
 have passed an examination given by the Board of Pharmacy; andhave passed an examination given by the Board of Pharmacy; and
 be 21 years of age.be 21 years of age.
 Candidates have a record of practical experience or internship trainingCandidates have a record of practical experience or internship training
acquired under the supervision and instruction of a licensedacquired under the supervision and instruction of a licensed
practitioner.practitioner.
 Continuing education/competency requirements for re-licensure.Continuing education/competency requirements for re-licensure.
C. LICENSURE REQUIREMENTSC. LICENSURE REQUIREMENTS

8.  Job opportunities for pharmacists are expected to grow:Job opportunities for pharmacists are expected to grow:
 increased pharmaceutical needs ofincreased pharmaceutical needs of a larger and older populationa larger and older population
 scientific advances that will providescientific advances that will provide more drug productsmore drug products for thefor the
prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease;prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease;
 new developments innew developments in administering medicationadministering medication; and; and
 IncreasinglyIncreasingly well-informed consumerswell-informed consumers who are sophisticated aboutwho are sophisticated about
health care and eager for more detailed information about drugs andhealth care and eager for more detailed information about drugs and
their effects.their effects.
D. CAREERSD. CAREERS

9. PHR 110PHR 110
Community pharmacy
Combination of well-developed professional skills
and, management abilities.
In addition to dispensing pharmaceuticals, pharmacists
in community pharmacies:
answer questions about prescription and over-the-counter
(OTC) drugs and
give advice about home health care supplies and durable
medical equipment.
an estimated 200,000 pharmacists now in practice, the
majority are in community pharmacy practice.
D. CAREERS

10. Health-systems pharmacy
 Practice of pharmacy in
private and government-owned hospitals,
health maintenance organizations (HMOs),
clinics,
walk-in health centers, and
nursing homes.
 In these settings, pharmacists
dispense medication,
prepare sterile solutions,
advise other professionals and patients on the use of drugs,
monitor drug regimens, and
evaluate drug use.
 They also
advise other professionals on the selection and effects of drugs
make patient rounds with other professionals or
provide direct patient care
D. CAREERS

11. Nuclear pharmacy
They apply the principles and practices of pharmacy and
nuclear chemistry to produce radioactive drugs used for
diagnosis and therapy
D. CAREERS

12. Industrial pharmacy
The largest number of pharmacists are involved in marketing and
administration.
Some employ pharmacists as their professional service
representatives, to educate physicians and pharmacists about the
manufacturer’s products.
It is often a stepping-stone to supervisory positions in sales and
A path toward integration into the administrative and sales structure
Pharmacists with master’s degrees in business or additional degrees
in law has opportunities in marketing, sales, and legal departments.
Pharmacists can also serve the industry as professional
communications managers and clinical research scientists;
research and development
Production and quality-control (or quality-assurance) supervisory
positions
D. CAREERS

13. Government service
May serve as commissioned officers in the Armed Forces
Food and Drug Administration
Pharmaceutical education
Pharmacists with advanced degrees in any of the professional
specialties can serve in University/College-level instructors.
Pharmaceutical journalism
Offers rewarding experiences for a limited number of
pharmacists with writing and editing skills.
D. CAREERS

14.  Areas of graduate study include:
pharmaceutics,
industrial pharmacy,
pharmacology,
pharmaceutical/medicinal chemistry,
pharmacognosy, and
social and administrative pharmacy.
A master’s or PhD degree in pharmacy or a related field usually is
required for research positions, and a PharmD, MS, or PhD degree is
necessary for administrative or faculty positions.
 Although a number of graduates pursue advanced degrees in
pharmacy, some enter a 1- or 2-year residency program or fellowship.
 A pharmacy residency is an organized, directed, postgraduate training
program in a defined area of pharmacy Practice.
E. GRADUATE EDUCATION

15. AMERICAN PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION (APhA)—
The APhA is the national professional organization of pharmacists
representing pharmacy practitioners, and pharmaceutical scientists and
students.
Since its founding in 1852, APhA has been a leader in the professional and
scientific advancement of pharmacy.
Membership in one of the three academies of the APhA—
the Academy of Pharmacy Practice and Management (APPM),
the Academy of Pharmaceutical Research and Science (APRS), and
the Academy of Students of Pharmacy (ASP)
— offers members specialized benefits and the opportunity to influence
their practice areas.
F. ORGANIZATIONS

16. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS (ASHP)—
The ASHP is the professional association of pharmacists who practice in organized
health care settings.
The ASHP endeavors to create an environment in which pharmacists can focus the
full potential of their knowledge and expertise on patient care.
The mission of ASHP is to represent its more than 25,000 members, providing
leadership that will enable pharmacists in organized health-care settings to provide
high-quality pharmaceutical services that foster the efficacy, safety, and cost-
effectiveness of drug use; contribute to programs and services that emphasize the
health needs of the public and the prevention of disease; and promote pharmacy as
an essential component of the health care team.
F. ORGANIZATIONS

17. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CONSULTANT PHARMACISTS (ASCP)—
The ASCP promotes the development and advancement of pharmaceutical
care activities directed at patients in long-term care institutions.
NATIONAL COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS ASSOCIATION (NCPA)—
Membership in NCPA, formerly known as the National Association of Retail
Druggists (NARD), is open to
independent community pharmacy owners,
managers, and employees,
as well as pharmacy students and
corporations.
NCPA is dedicated to the continuing growth and prosperity of the independent
community pharmacy in the United States.
F. ORGANIZATIONS

18. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENTISTS (AAPS)—
The AAPS serves an advocacy role for:
the pharmaceutical sciences,
promotes the economic viability of the pharmaceutical sciences and its
scientists,
represents scientific interests within
 academia,
 industry,
 government, and
 other research institutions.
 AAPS members are eligible for membership in one of several disciplines:
 Analysis and Pharmaceutical Quality; Biotechnology; Clinical Sciences;
 Economic, Marketing, and Management Sciences;
 Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry;
 Pharmaceutical Technology;
 Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery;
 Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Metabolism; and
 Regulatory Affairs.
F. ORGANIZATIONS