The slides will help someone to know basic things on textile technology. Introductory knowledge on textile technology that will help to get introduction. The slides are prepared for some other engineering working in textile sector, specially for energy and water efficiency.

1. Textile Technology
for
Non-Textile Graduate
Engr. Sahadat Hussain
Sr. Consultant Environmental and Process
Engineering Resources International(ERI)
Ltd.

2. Textile Technology
 A textile or cloth is a flexible woven material
consisting of a network of natural or
artificial fibers often referred to as thread or yarn.
Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibers
of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce
long strands. Textiles are formed by weaving,
knitting, crocheting, knotting, or felting.
 The Study area that deal with Textile or Cloth,
Fiber, Yarn and Readymade Garments
manufacturing and processing are called textile
technology.

3. Textile Technology
Textiles are prepared from:
Natural Fiber – Cotton, Silk,
Wool
and Jute
Manmade Fiber – Rayon,
Polyester,
and Nylon
Blended - Cellulose +
Viscose, Synthetic +
Natural.

4. Textile Technology
Fabric Type :
Knit fabric –Warp Knit and Weft Knit
Example: - T-Shirts, Under-garments
and Mosquito Net
Woven fabric – Denims, Shirts, Pants and
Home Textiles.

5. Textile Industries

6. Textile Industries
Spinning Mills – Cotton
Spinning Mills -
Synthetic Spinning Mills
Composite Mills – Knit Composite
Mills - Woven
Composite Mills

7. Textile Industries
 Knit Composite Mills
Knitting – Circular or Flat Knitting Machines ,
Dyeing – Batch Dyeing Machine
Finishing – Squeezer, Stenter/Dryer and Compactor
Garments – Sewing Machines.
Rotary/ Screen Printing (Special case)
 Woven Composite Mills-
Weaving – Looms or Hand looms
Desizing – Scouring & Desizing Machines
Dyeing – Continuous Dyeing Machines
Garments/ Sewing Section.
Rotary/ Screen Printing (Special case)

8. Textile Wet Processing
 Knit Dyeing and Finishing
 Woven Dyeing and Finishing
 Yarn Dyeing and Finishing
 Denim Dyeing and Finishing
 Denim Washing and Finishing
 Garments Washing
 Sweater Washing
 Rotary / Screen Printing

9. Dyeing Process- Depending on Types of Dyes
• Acrylic
Fiber
• Wool
• Cotton
• Linen
• Polyeste
r
• Acrylic
• Nylon
• Cotton
• Wool
• Silk
• Nylon
Reactive
Dyeing
Disperse
Dyeing
Basic
Dyeing
Acid
dyeing

10. Dyeing Process- Depending on Types of Dyes
• Polyester
• Acrylic
• Cotton
• Wool
• Cotton
• Linen
• Cotton
• Linen
• Rayon
Vat
/Indigo
Dyeing
Sulfur
Dyeing
Gel
Dyeing
Pigment
dyeing

11. Dyeing Process
Pretreatment
• To remove Oil stain and other dirt from the fabric
• To remove the natural color of cotton
• To improve the absorbency of the fiber
Dyeing
• To add color as per desire shade
• Continue the process until the desire shade
matching
After
Treatment
• To remove the unbind color and other chemicals
• To fix the color for desire wash fastness
• To make the fabric neutral

12. Knit Dyeing and Finishing Process
Figure 2-2 : Process Flow Diagram
Inputs ReleasesProcess
Greige Fabric Storage
Batching and Inspection
Slitting/Dewatering
Conveyor Dryer
Compaction
Pre - Packing
Inspection
Final Packing
Dispatch
Half Bleach
Peroxide, Caustic, OBA,
Acid, Detergent,
Enzyme, Auxiliaries
Waste Water with high
pH, Temp, BOD, COD
Reactive Dyes, Disperse
Dyes, Acids, Auxiliaries,
Softeners
Dyeing
Waste Water with high
pH, Temp., TSS, TDS,
BOD, COD
OBA/ Full Bleach
Stenter
Waste water with
low pollution load
Electricity, Compressed Air
Solid Waste
Solid WasteElectricity, Compressed Air
Electricity, Compressed
Air, Steam, Softener or
Other Finishing Agents
Electricity, Compressed
Air, Steam
Condensate
Cooling Water
Electricity
Solid Waste
Solid WasteElectricity
Nominal amount of waste
water
,Hot exhaust (Flue Gases)
Nominal amount of waste
water
,Hot exhaust (Flue Gases)
,Condensate
Electricity, Compressed
Air, Steam, Gas, Softener
or Other Finishing Agents

13. Knit Dyeing and Finishing Process
OBA / Full Bleach
105 °C , 40 min
Cooling
70 °C
60 °C
Peroxide
OBA
Drain
55 °C , 10 min 55 °C , 40 min
Acid + Bio
polishing
80 °C , 30 min
Drain
Acid
Bio polish
chemical
Cooling
70 °C
Bleaching (Medium/Dark shade)
105 °C , 30 min
Cooling
70 °C
60 °C
Peroxide
Drain
55 °C , 10 min 55 °C , 40 min
Acid + Bio
polishing
80 °C , 30 min
Drain
Acid
Peroxide Killer
Bio polish
chemical
Cooling
70 °C
Dyeing
Drain
Rinsing
60-80 °C , 40-60 min
Cooling
70 °C
Drain Drain
Rinsing Neutralization
Drain
55 °C , 10 min
80-95 °C , 20-30 min
Cooling
70 °C
Drain
Soaping
Drain
Rinsing
Rinsing
Fixer +
Softener
Drain
Dyes
Auxilliaries

14. Knit Dyeing and Finishing Machines
Dyeing
Machine
• Pretreatment
• Dyeing
• After Treatment
Squeezer/
Dewatering
• To remove water from fabric
• To turn the fabric
• To make the fabric untwist
Stenter/
Dryer
• To add softening chemical to the fabric (not for all fabrics)
• To adjust the fabric width
• To adjust the fabric GSM (Gram per Square Meter)
Compactor
• To make the fabric soft for desire hand feel
• To remove the fly from the fabric and make it smooth
• To make the fabric shiny

15. Woven Process (Additional
Singing Process
•To remove fly from the fabric surface by using flame
Mercerizing Process
•To add caustic soda to the fabric for silk-like luster.
Cold Pad Batch (CPB) process
semi-continuous dyeing that consists of pad-batch, pad-jig, pad-roll the fabric is
first impregnated with the dye-liquor in, what is called a padding machine. Then it
is subjected to batch wise treatment in a jigger.
Curing Process ( for Rotary Printing)
Special Heat treatment for printed fabric at certain temperature by using steam

16. Woven Dyeing and Finishing Process
Figure 3-1 : Process Flow Diagram
Singe/ Desize
Scouring
Solomatic bleach/ Bleach
Heat Set/ Width Set
Fluff
Fluff
Waste Water with high
pH
peroxide, caustic,
Auxiliaries
Greige Fabric Inspection
Inputs ReleasesProcess
Waste Water with high pH,
Temp, BOD, COD
Caustic, Auxiliaries
MercerizeCaustic
Waste Water with high
pH, Temp
Width Set
Waste Water with high
pH, TSS, TDS, BOD,
COD, TKN
Print
Dyes, Auxiliaries,
Caustic, Salt Dyeing
water with high pH,
Temp., TSS, TDS, BOD,
COD
Curing/ Steaming
Wetting Agent
Waste water with
TSS, TDS, temp.
Washing
Dispatch
Waste water, TSS,
BOD, CODFinishing
Inspection / Folding
Binder, Thickener,
Ammonia, Dyes

17. Woven Dyeing and Finishing Process
Pretreatment /Scouring Process
Reactive Dyeing Process

18. Woven Dyeing and Finishing Process
Pretreatment /Scouring Process
Reactive Dyeing Process

19. Denim Washing Process

20. Denim Washing Process
Timeline diagram for denim washing