Warm and humid climate

Warm and
Humid climate
A presentation on
BUILDING CLIMATOLOGY AND SOLAR
ARCHITECTURE Safiyudheen@gmail.com
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
CALICUT

CLIMATE
"CLIMATE" refers to the
average, or typical,
weather conditions
observed over a long
period of time for a
given area.
Safiyudheen@gmail.com

 Hot & Dry
 Warm & Humid
 Cold
 Composite
 Moderate
The five climatic zones INDIA

Warm- Humid climate are found in a belt
near the equator extending to about 150*
North and South.
Air Temperature reaches mean maximum
during the day of between 27* and 32*C.
At night the mean minimum varies
between 21* and 27*C

WARM & HUMID REGION IN INDIA
The warm and humid zone covers the coastal parts of
the country, such as Kerala, Tamil Nadu & Goa.

CHARACTERISTICS OF
WARM AND HUMID CLIMATE
High humidity, strong sun, glare
from the sky and horizon.

There are long monsoon periods
with heavy rain.
The breezes, especially in coastal
areas, can alleviate discomfort
considerably.

SUMMER
Midday 30-35*C
Night 25-30*C
MEAN TEMPERATURE
WINTER
Midday 25-30*C
Night 20-25*C

Solar Radiation
Usually defused radiation due to cloud cover
or vapours in air. Intense radiation on clear
day
Landscape and Vegetation
Generally low altitude and latitude.
Relatively flat region with abundant
vegetation.

Precipitation
High generally in excess of
1200mm/yr.
Winds
Usually 1 or 2 prevailing direction
with velocity ranging from
extremely low to very high.

Sky Condition
Generally overcast causing
pleasant glare.
Miscellaneous
High humidity and low diurnal
temperature variations cause
great discomfort, if air
movement is not there.

Design ObjectivesSafiyudheen@gmail.com

o Resisting heat gain
a) Decreasing surface area of building exposed to
outside.
b) Using that material that take longer time to heat
up.
c) Increasing shading of the building in general.
d) Using material that reflect heat.
o Promoting heat loss
a) Appliances used are well ventilated.
b) Proper ventilation occurs throughout the day.
C) Humidity levels are reduced as much as possible.

General recommendations for building
design in warm & humid climate:
a) Landform
*For flat sites, for design consideration for the landform is
immaterial.
*In case of slopes and depressions, the building should be located
on windward side or crest to take advantage of cool breeze.
1. SITE
(Maximum air speed on crust)

b) Open spaces & build form
*Buildings should be spread out with large open spaces in between
for unrestricted air movement.
*In cities, buildings on stilts can promote ventilation and cause
cooling at ground level.
c) Water bodies
*Water bodies are not essential
as they would tend to further
increase in humidity.

d) Street width & orientation
*A north-south direction is ideal from
the point of view of blocking solar
radiation.
*The width of street should be such
that the intense solar radiation during
late morning and early afternoon is
avoid during the summers.

2. Orientation & Platform
a) An obstructed air path through
the interiors is important to
ensure proper ventilation.
c) The buildings could be long and
narrow to allow cross-ventilation.
A singly loaded corridor plan.

a) Heat and moisture producing areas like
toilets and kitchens must be ventilated and
separated from the rest of structure.
b) Semi open spaces such as balconies &
porches can be used advantageously for
day time activity.
c) In multistoried building a central courtyard
can be provided with vents at higher level to
draw away rising hot air.

a) Roof
* In addition to provide shelter from rain and heat, the form of roof
should be planned to promote air flow.
* Vents at the rooftop effectively induce ventilation and draw hot air out.
* Insulation doesn’t provide any additional benefits.
* A double roof with a
ventilated space in between
can also be used to promote
air flow.

b) Walls
* The walls must also be
designed to promote air flow so
as to counter the prevalent
humidity.
* Baffle walls, both inside and
outside the building can help to
divert the flow of wind inside.
* They should be protected from
the heavy rainfall prevalent in
such areas.

c) Fenestration
* Cross ventilation is of atmost importance
in warm and humid climatic regions.
* All doors & windows should preferably be
kept open for maximum ventilation for
most of years.
* These must be provided with venetian
blinds to shelter the rooms from the sun
and rain, as well as for control of
movement.
* The opening should be shaded by
external overhangs.
* Outlets at higher level serve to vent hot
air.

d) Color & Texture
* The walls should be painted light pastel
shades or whitewashed, white surface of
the roof be of broken tile to reflect sunlight
back to the environment, and hence reduce
heat gain.
* The surface finish should be protected
from effects of moisture.
* The use of appropriate colors & surface
finishes is a cheap & very effective
technique to lower indoor temperature.

* Ceiling fans are effective in reducing level of discomfort
in this climate.
* In case of air conditioned buildings, dehumidification
plays an important role in design.
* Careful water proofing & drainage of water are essential
consideration of building design due to heavy rainfall.
* Desiccant cooling techniques can be employed as they
reduce the humidity level.
OTHER POINTS TO PONDER

Example of building in warm and
humid climate
Trivandrum
Padmanabhapuram Palace
o It responds to the climate with
steep sloping high tiled roofs,
with deep eaves.

o Using open slatted or perforated
timber screens on sides of verandahs
cuts out glare, ensures privacy but
allows the breeze flow across the
rooms.
o The sides are open to the breeze, and
air ventilates up through the porous
tile roofs, ensuring that the indoor
temperature does not build up.

o Walls are white to reflect the sun, and often completely
shaded by the verandahs.
o For a cluster of buildings, an openness of planning, to
allow the natural breeze to flow through them is of
paramount importance.

THANK YOU !
Done by,
SAFIYUDHEEN A
S3 (B160115AR)
DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE
NIT CALICUT Safiyudheen@gmail.com

Warm and humid climate

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