Managing the tennessee olson & wright morton
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71st SWCS International Annual Conference July 24-27, 2016 Louisville, KY
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Managing the tennessee olson & wright morton
- 2. N Legend 1900 km Ancient Rivers State Borders Great Lakes Land Lake Michigan Ancient Illinois River Ancient Teays River Ancient Ohio River Ancient Teays River Ancient Ohio River Ancient Tennessee River Ancient Cumberland River Ancient Mississippi River Ancient Mississippi River Ancient Mississippi River Ancient Teays River Lake Erie Ancient Tennessee River
- 4. Illinois Alabama Georgia Mississippi Missouri Arkansas Tennessee Kentucky Virginia North Carolina West Virginia South Carolina Illinois Missouri Arkansas Mississippi Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Georgia Virginia North Carolina Rivers Dams Cities South Carolina Reservoirs Paducah Nashville Memphis Chattanooga Jackson Ohio River Cumberland River Cumberland River Cumberland Lake Holston River Clinch River Duck River Pickwick Lake Wheeler Lake J. Percy Priest Lake Dale Hollow Cherokee Lake Douglas Lake Norris Lake Center Hill Blue Ridge Lake Nottely Lake Guntersville Lake Tennessee River French Broad River Tennessee River Tennessee River Mississippi River Kentucky Reservoir Barkley Reservoir Cheatham Lake Old Hickory Lock and Dam Cordell Hull Navigation Locks and Dam Knoxville Watts Bar Dam
- 5. Tennessee River • Created by the confluence of the French Broad and Holston Rivers near Knoxville, TN • The Tennessee river basin originates in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern US. • Tennessee River was the western boundary of the land open for settlement in 1818.
- 7. Mouth of the Tennessee River • Paducah, Kentucky is at the confluence of the Tennessee and Ohio Rivers • Paducah was protected from the 1884, 1913 and 1927 floods by earthen levees. • However, the earthen levees were inadequate during the 1937 flood and entire town was flooded.
- 13. Tennessee Valley in 1930s and 1940s • The 1937 flood was a disaster of unparalleled magnitude for Paducah and thousands of people were displaced. • President Franklin Roosevelt proposed the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) and it passed congress in 1933. • A corporation with the power of government and flexibility and initiative of a private enterprise.
- 14. Construction of the Kentucky Dam • The Kentucky dam is 22 miles from mouth of Tennessee River. • It empties into the Ohio River on east side of Paducah, Kentucky. • Started in 1938 and completed in 1944. • Lowermost of 9 dams on the Tennessee River.
- 18. Watts Bar lock and dam • Constructed in 1939. Dam is 112 feet high. • Provides navigation and hydroelectric power. • Nuclear Power Plant was constructed from 1976 to 1996.
- 20. Cumberland River • Cumberland River flowed out of the Appalachian Mountains near Virginia • The Cumberland River starts at Harland, Kentucky. • The ancient Cumberland River parallels the ancient Tennessee River for over 100 miles. • The ancient Tennessee River channel is where the current Ohio River is located.
- 21. N Ohio River Mississippi River Cache River Cache River Bay Creek Main Ditch Bay Creek Kentucky Reservoir Dam Cumberland River 13 Miles 20 km Kentucky Illinois Illinois Missouri Kentucky Paducah Reevesville Levee Breach Cape Girardeau Commerce Ancient Ohio River Valley Miller City Len Small Levee Commerce Birds Point Levee Birds Point- New Madrid Floodway Gate Cairo Birds Point Olive Branch Karnak Missouri Diversion Horseshoe Lake Breach Mississippi River Old Cache River Post Creek Cutoff Kentucky Ohio River Tennessee River Kentucky, Illinois, and Missouri Alluvial Bottom Lands Kentucky, Illinois, and Missouri Uplands Water, Lake, Reservoir, Major River, Canal Breach Levee Towns River, Main Ditch, Cut-off, Diversion Legend
- 23. Cumberland River ‐ Navigation • In 1825 increasing steamboat trade led the Tennessee legislature to petition Congress for a survey of the Cumberland River. • Congress appropriated $155,000 for river improvements including snag clearing and wing dams to deepen the channel. • 1871 the USACE surveyed the river and recommended dam locations and river management. • 1936 USACE selected sites for 4 reservoirs on Cumberland and tributaries. • During the 1950s and 1960s to additional reservoirs were built, the Cheatham and Barkley.
- 25. Barkley dam and reservoir • Between 1958 and 1963 about 1400 Kentucky and Tennessee families were moved from their homes along the Cumberland River. • The Barkley Dam was constructed by the USACE across Cumberland River. Work was completed in 1966. • The Dam is 157 feet high and can store 2,082,000 acre‐feet. Lake Barkley has an area of 58,000 acres. • The Barkley dam is used to generate hydroelectricity.
- 28. Barkley canal • The Kentucky and Barkley reservoirs are connected by the Barkley shipping canal. • The Barkley canal helps keep the surface levels at a similar elevation. • Water releases are timed to maintain the water levels in the two lakes within one foot.
- 30. Land Between the Lakes • The Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers run parallel for more than 100 miles and flow north to the Ohio River. • The Land Between the Lakes is between 1 and 10 miles wide. • Between 1963 and 1968, about 3000 people moved from their homes in the area between the lakes and it became a national recreation area. • The area is 170,000 acres in size making it the largest peninsula in US.
- 31. Conclusions • TVA established an integrated approach to address power production, navigation, flood control, malaria prevention, reforestation and erosion control. • Even by Depression standards the Tennessee valley and its people were in bad shape in 1933. • Much of the land was eroded and degraded. • Soil productivity had been reduced and crop yields had dropped. • TVA taught farmers how to improve crop yields and help replant forests.
- 32. Conclusions – Managing Extremes • Construction of the Kentucky and Barkley reservoirs allows the USACE to store water and release during a drought. • During the 2012 drought the USACE were able to add an extra 4 feet of water above the 9 foot shipping channel for a number of months which reduced to need for dredging. • During the flood of 2011, the USACE was able to initially hold back the Tennessee River and Cumberland River floodwaters to reduce the peak on the Ohio River. • Eventually, the Barkley and Kentucky lakes filled and USACE was forced to release excess floodwater.