2. MEASUREMENT
It is simply referred as the process assigning numbers or symbols to objects for
characterising things according to set of rules.
It is used to categorize and/ or quantify variables.
It help to quantify individual’s achievement, personality, attitudes, habits and
skills
It involves quantification of observable phenomena and it is performed on the
physical world by observer.
Here information collected about the characteristics and attributes of things can
be determined and differentiated.
3. FUNCTIONS OF MEASUREMENT
INSTRUCTIONAL
It has a key function in measurement which involves two steps again such as:
1.PRINCIPAL
It has a basic purpose in measurement that involves such as:
To determine what knowledge, skills, abilities, habits and attitudes have been acquired
To determine strength and weakness, difficulties, progress and needs of students
2.SECONDARY
It has an auxiliary function for effective teaching and learning which involves:
To develop the effort making capacity of students
To serve as aid for guidance, counselling, and prognosis
4. SUPERVISORY
It includes administrative purposes such as:
To maintain standards
To classify or select special purposes
To serve as a basis or guide for curriculum making and developing
5. ASSESSMENT
It is a process of collection of data to understanding state or
condition of thing or issue by observation and measurement.
It is a broad term that including assessment and a test is a form of
assessment too.
Through this evidence of students achievement can be obtained
and evaluated, also it collect information with respect to objective or
goal
6. DIFFERENT TYPES OF ASSESSMENT
1. Formative assessment (assessment of learning)
It is the measurement for the purpose of improving
2. Summative assessment (assessment for learning)
It has high point of value as assessment taking place at the end with
whole evaluation
7. STEPS INVOLVED IN ASSESSMENT ARE:
1. To measure progress that include both pre-test and
post test
2. To evaluate the program
3. To determine the strength and weakness of various
aspect involves academic and behavioural aspect
8. EVALUATION
It is a process that include a series of steps such as establishing objective,
classifying objective, defining objective, selecting indicators and comparing data
with objectives.
It is concerned with making judgements on the worth or value of performance to
answer question.
It is also the process of obtaining, analysing and interpreting information to
determent the extent to which students achieve instructional objective.
It is also considered as qualitative aspect of determining the outcomes of learning
9. Principles of evaluation
Evaluation should be:
Based on clearly stated objectives
Comprehensive
Cooperative
Used judiciously
Continuous and integral part of teaching learning process
10. TYPES OF EVALUATION
Diagnostic evaluation
It is more comprehensive and specific also it help to detect pupil’s learning difficulties who are not revealed by
formative tests
Formative evaluation
It identifies learning errors that need to be corrected and it provides information to make instruction more effective
Placement evaluation
It determines knowledge and skills he or she possesses which are necessary at the beginning of instruction
Summative evaluation
It determines the extent to which objectives of instruction have been attained and used for assigning grades and
marks and to provide feedback to students
