about architects and their buildings richard neutra - lovell house walter gropius -bahaus school, fagus shoe factory, havward centre

1. AR . R I C H AR D N E U T R A
AR . WALT E R G R O P I U S
HISTORY OF
ARCHITECTURE-5

2. RICHARD NEUTRA
• Richard neutra was born in Vienna
in Austria, in a Jewish family.
• He studied under Adolf loos at the
technical university at Vienna.
• In 1923, at the age of 31, neutra
moved to the united states and
settle in southern California .
• Neutra introduced the international
style to America
• Neutra was attracted by Frank
Lloyd wright.
• He said that “ architecture should
be a means of bringing man back
into harmony with nature.”

3. RICHARD NEUTRA WAS INFLUENCED BY
• He adopted the ideas from the bahaus moment where the creativity
was unified with manufacturing.
• Desert modernism with flat surfaced , industrial looks tied to its
landscape with natural desert elements like rugged stone and
desert plants in landscaping.
• Very simple designs.
• PURE, CLEAN & STRAIGTH LINE ORGANISED WITHOUT
CURVES OR MIXED WITH LANDSCAPE & DEVOID OF
CONFUSION.
• Plate glass walls , ceiling and deep overhangs connecting indoor
and outdoor.
• Biorealism – used water and light architecture inherent and
inseparable relationships.
• He incorporated technology, aesthetic, science and nature

4. RICHARD NEUTRA
Neutra houses were:-
• Dramatic , flat surfaced,
industrialized looking buildings.
• Open floor plans sweeping
balconies and floor to ceiling
windows.
• placed into a carefully arranged
landscape
• Constructed with steel, glass,
and reinforced concrete
• Follows an indoor-outdoor
philosophy
• they were typically finished in
stucco.
• There was a simplicity in
Neutra's organic designs
Architecture style
• He was famous for the
attention he gave to define
the real needs of his clients
, regardless the size of the
project.
• He used detailed
questionaries' to discover
the clients needs, much to
their surprise.
• His domestic architecture
was a blend of art,
landscape and practical
comfort.

5. RICHARD NEUTRA
• Real needs of clients :- he gave great attention to discover the
real needs of clients. At times he used special questionnaires'.
Bio realism :- neutra designed ‘green design concept’ in
connection with building and nature . He termed “bio realism” to
describe the inherent and inseparable relationship between man
and nature.
Used natural elements like light , water and concrete throughout
his designs.
Desert modernism:- modernism adopted to warm climate and
arid terrain of south California led to desert modernism.
International style was varied and adopted to the region by using
desert natural elements like rugged stones and desert plants in
landscape.

6. RICHARD NEUTRA
• Richard neutra is considered as one of the influential
architects in 20th century.
• His first major project was Lovell house – built in los angels
in 1929. it is known as one of the landmark of modern
architecture.
• He was recognized for his open and innovative designs, his
extensive use of glass allowing indoor and outdoor spaces
to flow freely together and his application of industrial
techniques to architecture.
• Made major contributions to urban planning
• Won over 50 awards for architectural designs.
 number of awards, doctorates and medals.
Out of which American institute of architects (AIA) is the
highest one awarded.

8. RICHARD NEUTRA
• Lovell health house, CA (1929)
• VDL Research house , Los Angeles , CA (1932)
• Kaufmann house , palm springs , CA (1946)
• Moore house , Ojai , CA (1952)
• Gettysburg cyclorama center , PA (1961)

9. LOVELL HOUSE
• The Lovell house, built in los Angeles in
1929 was neutras most influential work.
• it is the first steel frame house in
America
• externally it is simple having sprayed
concrete surfaces.
• The Lovell house is claimed to be the
first house in the united states to use a
steel structure that is typically found in
skyscraper construction
• the construction of a full scale swimming
pool with diving board suspended
above grade long before mass pool
industry was born must have been
revolutionary in its time

10. LOVELL HOUSE
• The Lovell house is claimed to be the first
house in the united states to use a steel
structure that is typically found in
skyscraper construction
• Neutra learned these new techniques
when he was working in new york and with
Holabird and Roche in Chicago .
• This lead to a light steel frame with
stucco finish perched on a concrete
vase, much of which was placed and hose
by using standard industrial steel sash,
neutra achieved the most economical
method of supporting the glass and
allowing a certain amount of window
washing from inside.

11. LOVELL HOUSE
• The house suggests a combination of frank Lloyd wrights
use of plastic and a sleek aesthetic seen in Le Corbusier
work .
• The house is located on a landscaped, steeply terraced hill
and has views of Santa Monica mountains, pacific oceans
and the city of los Angeles illuminated in night in the for
ground.
• The Lovell house was nicknamed the health house because
the interior is brought into harmony with nature as well as
having outdoor play and recreation areas.
• it was similar to of Mies Van Der Rohe and le Corbusier's
work in Europe.

12. LOVELL HOUSE
• the building was built in three
levels-
 1. swimming pool,
gymnasium, play ground at
BASE LEVEL
 2. living room, kitchen and
maid's quarter at MID LEVEL
 3. bedrooms and study at the
entrance level TOP LEVEL
• in addition, it has sun decks,
outdoor exercise areas,
outside sleeping porches,
water pools and body
massage etc.
• interior reflects neutra's
interest in cubism,
transparency and hygiene.

13. LOVELL HOUSE
pool
laundry
portico

14. LOVELL HOUSE
1)Living room
2)Library
3)Dinning room
5)Kitchen
6)Guest room

15. LOVELL HOUSE
1)Entrance terrace
2)Entrance
3)Bedroom
4)Sleeping porch
5)Study
6)bathroom

16. LOVELL HOUSE

17. LOVELL HOUSE

18. LOVELL HOUSE

19. LOVELL HOUSE

20. WALTER GROPIUS
• Full name :- George Walter
Adolf Gropius
• Born in berlin on may 18th
1883
• He was third child of Walter
Adolf Gropius and Manon
Auguste Pauline Schanweber.
• Earlier he was taught by his
father.

21. WALTER GROPIUS
• He was educated in private elementary school.
• In 1903 , he left the school and joint technical
university in Munich to study architecture
• Gropius could not draw , so he hired a student from
school to do his homework.
• 1904-1905, he served in military, and then went back to
school.
• In 1907 he left school without completion due to the
death of his brother.

22. WALTER GROPIUS
• His father and great uncle Martin Gropius were
architects that’s why he wanted to become an architect
• He was inspired by WILLIAM MORIS.
• WILLIAM MORIS:- (24 march 1834 – 3 October 1896)
was an English textile designer, artist , writer and
socialist who found a design firm and associate English
Arts and Crafts Movement.

23. WALTER GROPIUS

24. WALTER GROPIUS

25. WALTER GROPIUS

26. Plane surface without ornamentation

27. • Colors:- white , gray beige or black
• Use of simple geometry
often rectangular.
• Use of modern materials
Like steel, rcc
• Use of primary colors
• Smooth surface
• Linear and horizontal
Elements.

28. NEW TECHNOLOGY
• Use of:-
Concrete
Glass
steel

30. WALTER GROPIUS
• Fagus factory (1911-1913)
• Bauhaus
• Gropius house (1937-38)
• Josephine M.hagrty house1938
• J.F Kennedy federal house(1963-1966)
• Pan am building (1960-1963)
• waldenmark1939

31. FAGUS SHOE FACTORY
• The Fagus Factory , a shoe last
factory in Alfeld in Germany, is an
important example of early modern
architecture.
• Built in 1911
• It was collaboration with Adolf Meyer.
• It was his first independent
commission
• Most striking thing: simplicity and
confidence of the architecture.
• He designed it by keeping the
surrounding in mind.
• Fagus building was the first to extract
the full aesthetically revolutionary
impact from the structural
development.

32. FAGUS SHOE FACTORY
• as the building had to fit the function for which it was
planned and consistent with a constructive logic based on that
function, your image should not hide but show it as a
beautiful and modern architecture should adapt to the new
world machines.
• The reinforced concrete structure, with supporting
displaced inwards, allowed to free the exterior walls,
especially at the corners of the building supporting role.
• The main building, rectangular in shape, was designed as a
structural framework without pillars in the corners, with a
front metal grid cut by glass covers, one of the first
examples of “curtain wall”, or curtain wall.

35. FAGUS SHOE FACTORY
• Fagus was a hybrid
construction of brick
columns , steel beams and
concrete floor, slabs and
stairways.
• It was steel frame supporting
the floors , glass screen
external walls.
• Pillars are placed behind the
façade so that its curtain
character is fully realized.

36. FAGUS SHOE FACTORY

37. FAGUS SHOE FACTORY
• Glass screen was used all over the walls to
have proper view from inside.
• Walls are no longer supporters for the
building but simple curtain projecting
against increment weather.
• It was domination of voids over solids.
• Plane surfaces predominate in this factory.
• The glass and walls were joint cleanly at the
corners without the intervention of piers.
• It was constructed in 1911 according to
Werner's plan but with the glass façade
designed by Walter Gropius and Meyer and
then expanded in 1913.

38. FAGUS SHOE FACTORY
• Both the corners free of supports and
glass surfaces between the piers that
cover the whole height of building.
• The load bearing elements are attenuated
and the building has a image of stability and
monumentality.
• In fagus exactly the opposite happens the
corners are left open and the piers are
recessed leaving the glass surface to the
front.
• The interiors of the building which mainly
contained mainly office, which finished in
the mid’s of 20.
• The big buildings on the site are
production hail and ware house. Both
were constructed at 1911 and 1913.

39. FAGUS SHOE FACTORY
• The warehouse was four-storey building with few
openings. Its designed closely the original plan by
Werner.
• Apart from them, there are other small buildings
designed by Gropius and Meyer. Gropius and Meyer
were able to enforce only minor changes in the overall
layout of the factory complex.

40. FAGUS SHOE FACTORY
• Although constructed with different systems, all the
buildings on the site give a common image and appear
as a unified whole.
• The first one is that the use of floor to ceiling windows
on steel frames that go around the corners of the
building without a visible structural support
• The other unifying element is the use of brick.

41. FAGUS SHOE FACTORY
All buildings have a base of about 40cm
black brick and the rest is built of yellow
brick.
In order to enhance the feeling of lightness,
Gropius and Meyer used a series of optical
refinements like greater horizontal then vertical elements
of the windows , longer windows on the corners and taller
windows on the last windows.

42. FAGUS SHOE FACTORY
• Now Fagus shoe factory is designated a UNESCO world
heritage on 25th June 2011 on its 100 jubilee.

43. HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER
• LOCATION - Cambridge ,Massachusetts , New England
• CLIMATE - Humid continental climate
• ARCHITECTURAL STYLE - Modern

44. HARVARD GRADUATION CENTER
• It is also known as "GROPIUS COMPLEX".
• Commissioned of the ARCHITECTS COLLABORATIVE
BY HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
• It was a turning point for modern style.
• The building was completed in 1950 and was 1st major
work by TAC.

45. HARVARD GRADUATION CENTER

46. HARVARD GRADUATE CENTER
Site view. Harkness commons.

47. HARVARD GRADUATION CENTER
• It has large windows.
• Flowing rooms
• Floating facades on pilotis/piers
• Small and large courtyards on Oxbridge pattern.

48. HARVARD GRADUATION CENTER
• GROPIUS PHILOSOPHY-He said That
“ THERE IS NO FINALITY IN
ARCHITECTURE ONLY
CONTINUOUS CHANGE".
• Sculpture in the courtyards was done
by RICHARD LIPPOLD.
• Dormitories, common rooms ,a lounge
convertible into a meeting hall For 250
people.
• DORMITORY- RCC and BRICK.
• COMMUNITY BUILDINGS-STEEL

49. GROPIUS HOUSE
• LOCATION-LINCOLN, MASSACHUSSETS
• CLIMATE-HUMID
• STYLE-MODERN ARCHITECTURE
• plan and view

50. GROPIUS HOUSE
2 Bathrooms
Lounge
Study
Wardrobe
Kitchen
Spiral staircase
Porch
Room service
Floor

51. GROPIUS HOUSE
• Floor access is diagonal,
under a porch that
welcomes visitors
• He used hollow glass
blocks to give privacy to the
lobby
• The spaces such as dining
room and living area are
located next to a center of
the house near a stone
fireplace.

52. GROPIUS HOUSE
• Living room
• The House structure consists of a England Post and
wooden frame sheathed with white painted tongue and
vertical siding tradition.
• Clapboards are used in interior foyers.
• Mixes the traditional and industrial materials

53. GROPIUS HOUSE
• There was extensive timber reinforced with some steel
members
• Timber claddings were hung vertically
• Spiral stair to roof terrace and sun lounge
• The plan was without corridors.

54. GROPIUS HOUSE
• On the back porch Is located one space covering the
porch with stone flooring
• IT was declared NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK In
2000

55. COMPARITIVE STUDY
• CHARACTERS OF THE BUILDING
• Simple Geometry
• Rectangular
• Smooth surfaces
• Primary colours
• Use of modern materials
like steel and glass
• Linear and horizontal elements
• Grid system.

56. BAUHAUS UNIVERSITY
• LOCATION - Germany , started in 1919 ended in 1933.
• CLIMATE - Temperate and marine.
• ARCHITECTURAL Style - Modern.

57. BAUHAUS UNIVERSITY
• Definition - Simplicity , Functionalism, anonymous and
its Emphasis on Handcraft Ethic.
• In simple words it is said as "The Art of Building".
• Aimed to reconcile arts and crafts to create a new
industrial aesthetics.

58. BAUHAUS UNIVERSITY
INTRODUCTION
• IT publicized and taught for the approach of design.
• Bauhaus didn't have architecture department for first few
years.
• Bauhaus style became more influential currents in modernist
architecture.

59. BAUHAUS UNIVERSITY
1.office
2.Technical school
3.Workshop building
4.Communal area
5.Students studio wing
1.
2. 3.
4.
5.
5.
4
3.
2.1.

60. BAUHAUS UNIVERSITY
PHILOSOPH
Y
It brought
together
various arts of
painting,
weaving,
architecture,
photography
etc..
Manual
experience.
First free
experiment
later
workshops.
Rational design
in terms of
techniques and
materials.
Function in
society not as
decorater but as
vital participant
2important
artistic event
was
1.AVANT
GARDE
2.SOVIET
DESIGN

61. BAUHAUS UNIVERSITY
INTERIORS

62. BAUHAUS UNIVERSITY
ORIENTATION

63. BAUHAUS UNIVERSITY
• CONSTRUCTION
• NO Bolts are hidden all metal work is revealed.
• Stressed on industrial aspects of radiators.
• "WHAT IS USUALLY HIDDEN MUST BE VISIBLE".
• Stairwells became a vast and luminous meeting space
and inspired photographers and painters.

65. • Divya Yadav
1OQ17AT013
• Harshini Subramani
1OQ17AT016
• Fredrick Stephen Raj
1OQ17AT019
• Harshitha Kumar
1OQ17AT021
Thanking
you
AR. RICHARD
NEUTRA
AR. WALTER
GROPIUS