Railway Electrification - Electricity is used to eliminate smoke and take advantage of the high efficiency of electric motors; however, the cost of railway electrification means that usually only heavily-used lines can be electrified. the power for electric locomotives can come from clean and/or  renewable sources, including geothermalpower, hydroelectric power, nuclear power, solar power and wind turbines.  Electric locomotives benefit from the high efficiency of electric motors, often above 90%. Additional efficiency can be gained from regenerative braking, which allows kinetic energy to be recovered during braking to put some power back on the line. Newer electric locomotives use AC motor-inverter drive systems that provide for regenerative braking. Thank you.

1. Kalyani Government Engineering College
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Presentation on :
Railway Electrification
By SUDIN BISWAS
Depertment of Electrical Engineering
(3rd Year, 5th SEM)
email: biswassudin88@outlook.com
Guided By : Dr.S.S.Saha sir

2. CONTENT OUTLINE:
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 Introduction
 Brief history
 Why and How electric power on Railways
 Electric Traction -1879
 AC and DC current locomotives
 Principle parts of construction
 Safety in Electrification of railways
 Advantages & Disadvantages
 Conclusion
 Comment and views
 Bibliography

3. INTRODUCTION
 Electricity is used to eliminate smoke and take advantage of the high
efficiency of electric motors; however, the cost of railway electrification
means that usually only heavily-used lines can be electrified.
 the power for electric locomotives can come from clean
and/or renewable sources, including geothermalpower, hydroelectric
power, nuclear power, solar power and wind turbines.
 Electric locomotives benefit from the high efficiency of electric motors,
often above 90%. Additional efficiency can be gained from regenerative
braking, which allows kinetic energy to be recovered during braking to
put some power back on the line. Newer electric locomotives use AC
motor-inverter drive systems that provide for regenerative braking.
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4. Electric Traction - 1879
After many decades of satisfactory performance,
the steam engines were to give way to more
modern locomotives.
The year 1879 saw the birth of the first electric
Railway run by a German Engineer Werner Van
Siemens using both the rails to carry the current.
Finding this a little too dangerous, Siemens soon
adopted the overhead electric wires. Electric
locomotives today ran on Rail roads in most of
the countries.
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5. HISTORY
 The first known electric locomotive was built by a Scotsman, Robert
Davidson of Aberdeen in 1837 and was powered by galvanic cells ('batteries').
 The first electric passenger train was presented by Werner von Siemens at Berlin in
1879. The locomotive was driven by a 2.2 kW motor and the train, consisting of the
locomotive and three cars, reached a maximum speed of 13 km/h.
 In the 1930s, the Pennsylvania Railroad, which also had introduced electric
locomotives because of the NYC regulation, electrified its entire territory east of
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
 In India train on electric traction started on 1500 V DC System from Bombay
Victoria Terminus to Kurla Harbour on 3 February 1925. Madras was the second
metro city to get electric traction in the Southern Railway on 11 May 1931.Before
Independence, India had 388 km of electrified zone.
 Post-independence electrification of the Howrah-Burdwan section was carried out at
3000 volt DC. EMU services was started in Howrah-Sheoraphuli section by Pandit
Jawahar Lal Nehru on 14 Dec 1948.
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6. Why Electrification on trains:
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 More Efficient (Among the modes of rail transport, electric
traction is the most energy efficient. This can be seen in the light
of the fact that every 100 route km electrified section results in
saving of annual consumption of more than four million liters of
diesel oil, which saves Rs. 2500 Crores worth foreign exchange
annually)
 Non Hazardeous (No-Inflamable subs.)
 Almost unlimited power supply
 Performance (noice free,speed)
 Go Green Concept (no exhaust)

7. PURPOSE OF RAILWAY ELECTRIFICATION
 The contact lines permit almost unlimited power at the disposal
of the electrically driven vehicle.
 Permits heavier trains to achieve higher speeds.
 Electric Multiple Units provide fast commuter services with quick
reversal at with main line trains
 Electric Multiple Units offer least interference to the latter due to
the EMU’s high acceleration rates.
 Economy in operation and maintenance
 Saving in consumption of scarce diesel oil and increased through
put of traffic.
 The capital cost for provision of fixed installation required for
electric traction is found adequately profitable for routes having
high levels of traffic.

8. DC AND AC CURRENT
 The most fundamental difference lies in the
choice of direct (DC) or alternating
current (AC).
 Direct current locomotives typically run at
relatively low voltage (600 to 3,000 volts);
the equipment is therefore relatively
massive because the currents involved are
large in order to transmit sufficient power.
Power must be supplied at frequent
intervals as the high currents result in large
transmission system losses.
 AC traction seldom uses two-phase lines in
place of single phase lines. The
transmitted three-phase current
drives induction motors, which do not have
sensitive commutators and permit easy
realisation of a regenerative brake. Speed is
controlled by changing the number of pole
pairs in the stator circuit and by switching
additional resistors in the rotor circuit.
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9. PRINCIPAL PARTS OF CONSTRUCTION
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10. SAFETY IN ELETRIFICATION OF
RAILWAYS :
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 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS ON ELECTRIFIED
SECTIONS -There is a 3 metre exclusion zone for personal
safety around all electrical rail infrastructure & you don’t have to
touch overhead lines to be electrocuted.
 Crane Working
 Track-Circuited Rails
 Care in Handling Pipes
 Traction Structure Foundation -The top of foundation
block of track structures shall be kept clear of all materials and kept dry.

11. Over head power supply
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12. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES :
1. According to O-Keating's The Electric Engine, the major advantage of the electric locomotive
engine over diesel engine is that electric engine uses a rather simple and straightforward
technology.
2. The electric engine pulls power directly from the power grid and requires only a transformer
and a regulator to bring down the power to acceptable levels.
3. Electric engines are lightweight, constituting only motors and wheel axles, and have almost no
moving parts.
4. The simple nature of the electric engine makes them efficient and powerful. Electric engines do
not produce much heat and noise, meaning that most of the energy produces converts into
foreward motion.
5. Electric engines are therefore easier to maintain whereas the moving parts of a diesel engine
require constant maintenance.
6. A major commercial consideration for railways to prefer electric locomotive engines to diesel
locomotive engines is cost and availability of diesel. Diesel is an expensive non-renewable fuel
source whereas electricity is a cheaper and infinite source of energy.
7. The major disadvantage of the electric locomotive engine compared to the diesel locomotive
engine is the requirement for power supply in the form of overhead electric lines.
8. The capital cost of laying 5 to 6 kilometers of traction wires is equivalent to the cost of a new
diesel locomotive.
9. In addition to the cost and difficulties of installing overhead power lines and sub-stations to
supply power, the possibility of disruption of train services is always a live concern for the
following reasons:
 power disruption/ disturbance
 damage to the overhead lines or posts supporting the electric lines (Flood, storms)
 The pentograph on top of the locomotive not making proper contact with the electric wires
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13. CONCLUSION
 Finally, I can conclude that electric locomotives playing a vital role in
railway system till now. Electricity is used to eliminate smoke and take
advantage of the high efficiency of electric motors; however, the cost of
railway electrification means that usually only heavily-used lines can be
electrified.
 The International Railway Journal of March 2016 indicates that the
future of the locomotive lies in a simple fuel cell that uses Hydrogen
from fuel to combine with Oxygen and produce electricity. Diesel
engines an easily upgrade to such a new technology by replacing the
engine with the fuel cell, and in such as scenario, the overhead wires
used for electric engines would become dispensable.
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14. Comments & Views
 Most cheapest and
smooth (Noice free)
transport on the earth.
 More beneficial for
heavily traffic routes.
 Uses clean energy &
exhaust no Pollutant in
atmosphere.
 Light weight locomotives
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15. BIBLIOGRAPHY
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 Duffy, Michael C. (2003). Electric railways, 1880-
1990. Stevenage, England: The Institution of
Engineering and Technology (IET). ISBN 978-0-
85296-805-5.
http://www.irgreenri.gov.in
www.google.com/img_src/
http://en.wikipedia.org/railways_info

16. THANK YOU
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