All types of Works Permits respective hazards and safe preccautions and safe system of work.

2. What is a Work Permit?
It is essentially a written document which spells out the type of task, location of task, type of
Equipment, time required, man power involved, P.P.E.’s required, any hazards to be encountered
and safety precautions to be taken.

3. Types of Work Permits:
1) Hot Work Permit
2) Cold Work Permit
3) Chemical/Acid Work Permit
4) Work At Height Permit
5) Excavation Work Permit
6) Electrical Work Permit
7) Confined Space Work Permit
8) Earthmoving Equipment/ Vehicular Work Permit
9) Radiology Work Permit
10)Blanket Work Permit

4. Hot Work Permit
Any work that causes heat, fire, flash, spark, arc or rise in temperature etc. is
called hot work.
Examples of Hot work are:
1) Electrical Arc Welding
2) Gas Cutting
3) Drilling
4) Grinding
5) Sand Blasting

5. Electrical Arc Welding
The process of joining two metals with the help of high voltage electric arc is called Electrical Arc Welding.
Hazards:
1) Toxic Fumes
2) Dangerous Flash
3) Burn Injuries
4) Fire splashes of can cause Fire Accident
5) Electrical Shock
6) Metal Sharp Edges/ Rust
Safety Measures/PPE Required:
1) Welding always to be done in open area and Arc Welding Machine is to be properly grounded.
2) DCP fire extinguisher/Fire Blanket to be present where welding is done.
3) No body should watch the welding arc directly. Welder must wear Full Face welder’s mask
fitted with black glass.
4) PPE like Safety Helmet, Safety Shoe, Welder’s Apron are compulsory.
5) Welder should wear Leather hand gloves to handle the hot metals.

7. Gas Cutting
The process of cutting a metal into 2 or more pieces with help of flame obtained by burning gasses like
Dry Acetylene is called Gas Cutting.
Hazards:
1) Toxic Fumes
2) Dangerous Flash
3) Burn Injuries
4) Fire splashes of can cause Fire Accident
5) Metal Sharp Edges/ Rust
Safety Measures/PPE Required:
1) Gas Cutting always to be done in open area and Dry Acetylene cylinder and welding torch to be fitted
with flash back arrestor.
2) DCP fire extinguisher/Fire Blanket to be present where welding is done.
3) D.A. Cylinder and Oxygen Cylinder both to be placed always vertically. Cutter must wear black
goggles.
4) PPE like Safety Helmet, Safety Shoe, Welder’s Apron are compulsory.
5) Welder should wear Leather hand gloves to handle the hot metals.

9. Drilling
The process of making a hole into a hole into a solid substance like metal/ wood/ wall etc. with the help of
a machine is called drilling.
Hazards:
1) Dust, Noise
2) Electrical Shock
3) Flying Particles
4) Fire splashes
5) Metal Sharp Edges/ Rust
6) Hand Injuries
Safety Measures/PPE Required:
1) Drilling machine and its cable should be properly checked regularly and drill bit to be tightly fitted.
2) Safety Helmet
3) Safety Shoe
4) Nose Mask
5) Dust Goggles, Ear Muffs
6) Cotton Hand Gloves

10. Grinding
The process of removal of a layer of metal surface/ sharp edges of metal using a grinding wheel is
called grinding.
Hazards:
1) Cuts
2) Burns
3) Sparks
4) Flying Particles
5) Dust
6) Breaking of grinding wheel
7) Noise
Safety Measures/ PPE’s Required:
1) Grinding wheel guard to be provided.
2) Adequate fire fighting arrangement to be made.
3) Grinding machine to be checked regularly.
4) Safety Shoe, Safety Helmet, Nose mask, Cotton hand gloves, Ear Plug, Goggles etc.

11. Sand Blasting
The process of removal of a layer of paint (old), dust and rust from the surface of a metal using sand or
grid is called sand blasting.
Hazards:
1) Noise
2) Highly pressurised hose
3) Flying Particles
4) Explosion
PPE Required/ Safety Measures:
1) Never indulge in horse play with the hose.
2) Only skilled person should operate the Sand Blasting Machine and machine to be fitted with
3) automatic shut off valve.
4) Safety Shoe, Safety Helmet, Nose mask, Goggles, Ear plug.

13. Cold/General Work Permit
Any work that doesn’t cause heat/ rise in temperature, fire, flash, spark, flame etc. is called Cold Work.
Hazards:
1) Finger Injuries
2) Falls/ Slips of Person
3) Fall of Material
4) Hit by structure/ Material
PPE Required:
1) Safety Shoe
2) Safety Helmet
3) PVC/ Cotton Hand Gloves
4) Gum Boot
Examples: Brick Work, Masonry, Stacking of materials, Housekeeping, Carpentry, Fitting.

15. Chemical/ Acid Work Permit
Work involving handling and transportation of chemicals/ acids is called Chemical/ Acid Work.
Hazards:
1) Toxic Fumes
2) Stability
3) Skin Burns/ Irritation
4) Eye Burns
5) Suffocation
6) unconsciousness
3 ways Chemical can enter our body are:
1) Injection
2) Inhalation
3) Ingestion
Safety Measures/PPE:
1) Safety Helmet, Safety Shoes, Gumboots, PVC Apron, PVC Hand Gloves, Nose mask, White Goggles etc.
2) Material Specification Data Sheet (MSDS) has to be displayed on the container containing chemical which
spells out the handling procedures, accident measures, manufacturers name and address.
3) The persons having appropriate knowledge on chemicals should only handle them.
4) The drivers having appropriate valid license should only transport chemicals.
5) Consuming food, drinks, Tabaco etc. where chemicals are stored. Smoking is prohibited.
6) If you come in contact with chemicals, immediately flush yourself with plenty of fresh running water.
7) Appropriate fire fighting arrangement should in place where chemicals are stored.
8) The Store rooms should be equipped with emergency drainage system.

17. Properties of Hazardous materials
1) Stability
2) Temperature
3) Concentration
4) Organic and Inorganic
5) Catalysts and Inhibitors
6) Oxidizers and Reducers

18. Work at Height Permit
Any work above 2mtrs height from ground is called Work at height.
Hazards:
1) Fall/ Slip of Person.
2) Fall of Structure.
3) Fall of material.
4) Collapse of Working Platform.
5) Openings on floor.
Safety Measures/ PPE’s Required:
1) Appropriate working platform such as scaffold to be provided with appropriate railing.
2) Scaffold to be erected on uniform and dry ground. Scaffold to be checked by a competent person.
3) Check the tag attached while accessing the scaffold.
4) Full Body Harness, Lifeline. Safety Shoe, Helmet etc. to be used.
5) All floor openings to be properly covered with grill.
6) Use Wooden ladders to access heights for electrical work. Do not work standing on ladder.
7) Regularly check the rungs, stands and rubber shoe of Aluminium ladder.
8) Install safety nets to avoid fall of person and material.

20. Excavation Work Permit
Digging of Earth from ground is called Excavation. Excavation Depth beyond 2 metres from ground is
treated as confined space.
Hazards:
1) Collapse of side walls/ excavated material such as stones.
2) Insect/ Reptile bytes.
3) Seepage of water.
4) Underground utilities such as Gas Pipe lines and Electrical cables.
5) Slips of persons/ material.
Safety Measures/ PPE Required:
1) Gum Boot, Safety Helmet, Safety Shoe, PVC Hand Gloves, Reflective Jacket etc.
2) All Excavated pits to be provided with shoring/benching.
3) Excavated Material should be always placed 1mtr away from pit.
4) If side walls are found loose or rolling, safety net has to be provided.
5) Before going for excavation thoroughly check the drawing for underground utilities.
6) All excavated area should be hard barricaded.

21. Electrical Work Permit
Hazards:
1) Electrical Shock
2) Flash over
3) Burns
4) Fire
5) Explosion
6) Spark
Safety Measures/ PPE Required:
1) Use LOTO system.
2) Use Safety Shoe, Helmet, Rubber Hand Gloves, Rubber Carpet, Insulated hand tools, wooden ladder
Etc.
3) Use protective devices such as ELCB, MCB etc. Always use proper plug tops at site panel boards.
4) Do proper routing of cables and do not overload cables.
5) Provide proper earthing to all electrical equipments and regularly check earthing resistance.
6) Do not touch high tension lines unless you become sure that their residual energy is de energised using
earth switch or earth rod.

22. Confined Space Work Permit
A place/ tank/ vessel/ area having only one entry and exit is called Confined Space.
Hazards:
1) Less means of escape.
2) Inadequate Ventilation.
3) Inadequate Illumination.
4) Rotating objects.
5) Toxic Gases/ Dust/ Rust.
Safety Measures/ PPE Required:
1) SCABA Self Contained Air Breathing Apparatus should be worn. Hemet, Safety Shoe/ Gumboot, Reflective
Jacket, Nose Mask, Dust Goggles.
2) 24 V DC Flash Light can be carried. Do Lock Out Tag out (LOTO) of the tank which is under maintenance.
3) Use Tripod and pulley to enter inside confined space. Keep a person for watch at the opening.
4) Give and receive signals from the person working in confined space.
5) Use blowers to drain out the poisonous gases inside the vessel.

24. Vehicular/ Earth Moving Equipment Work Permit
The works related to shifting and lifting of materials by vehicles/ drilling, dozing, excavating of sand/stone
is called Earth Moving Equipment work.
Example: Excavator, Tractor Driller, Fork Lift, Crane, Tractor, Transit Mixer, Transportation vehicles.
Hazards:
1) Hit by Material
2) Fall of Material
3) Trip of Material
4) Vehicle Mal functioning
5) Fall of Vehicles
6) Hitting to structures

25. Safety Measures/ PPE Required:
1) Do not lift the work with a jerk. Do not start and stop suddenly. Do not allow the load to over swing.
2) Do not leave any loose materials on the load. Do not use damaged belts. Use appropriate belts/ chains
for appropriate loads.
3) Regularly inspect D shackle for cracks. Hydra to be operated only by a licensed operator. He operate only
as per the signal of the rigger.
4) All loads to be lifted as per Safe Working Load (SWL).
5) The area where the lifting operations are performed are to be barricaded. No body should be allowed to
stand under lifted load.
6) Operate as per designated speed and as per safety instructions given.
7) A third party check to be carried out by a competent agency and certificate to be achieved on SWL.
8) All vehicles to be fitted with a spark arrestor at the silencer.

26. Radiology Work Permit
Any work associated with the use of Radio Active substances Uranium, Radium etc. is called Radiology work.
Examples: X ray used in detecting pin holes of boiler tubes and welding joints.
Hazards:
1) Skin Burns
2) Skin cancer
3) Damage to eyes
4) Head ache
PPE Required/ Safety Measures:
1) Work to be done only by experts.
2) The persons carrying this work should wear an Anti Radiation suit.

27. Blanket Work Permit
If two or more work permits are to be taken for a same location at same time then a blanket work permit is
Issued.
Hazards:
Different for different types of works.
Safety Measures:
Different for different types of works. Safety shoe and Helmet.

28. Emergency Preparedness:
If in case of any kind of emergency, a siren is blown. On hearing the siren all workers should switch off their
equipment and rush towards the assembly point. The assembly point should a safe area and should
accommodate all workers.
After everybody reaching the assembly point there will be a head count to identity the missing workers.
If any body misses there will be a search activity of the missing ones.
The effort to clear the emergency will be started only by trained and competent persons.
If the situation comes under control the siren is again blown for the disburse of workers to their work.

29. Kalyanam Sudheer Kumar