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10. 1. Current Insight to the Uses of Rauwolfia: A Review
Nitin Biradar, Iswar Hazarika, Vineeth Chandy 1
2. Advantages and Updates of Abhyanga in Infant and Infant Massage: A Review
Madhumita Panigrahi, Mahesh Vyas, Kabi Prasad Mohanty 5
3. Antimicrobial Potential of Methanolic Extract of Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn Fruits
A. Mohanty, C. Das, G. Ghosh, P. K. Sahu 13
4. Oncology in Ayurveda—Concept & Management
Nishant Shukla 19
5. Quality Control of Ayurvedic Drugs
Aparna Sharma, Vaidya Ish Sharma, Nancy Shahi 24
ContentsResearch & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacognosy

11. RRJoPC (2016) 1-4 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacognosy
ISSN: 2394-7276(online)
Volume 3, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
Current Insight to the Uses of Rauwolfia: A Review
Nitin Biradar, Iswar Hazarika*, Vineeth Chandy
Department of Pharmacology, T. John College of Pharmacy, Gottigere, Bannerghatta Road,
Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Abstract
Rauwolfia serpentina is an Indian medicinal plant and is a safe and effective treatment for
poisonous reptiles. The plant was used by many physicians throughout India in the 1940s and
then was used throughout the world in the 1950, including in the United States and Canada. It
fell out of popularity when adverse side effects, including depression and cancer, become
associated with it. In this review we focus on the use of Rauwolfia and treatment for many
diseases, its botany, chemistry and mode of action with special emphasis on the plants role in
treating high blood pressure and hypertension, and also critically examining its adverse side
effects, toxicology and carcinogenicity.
Keywords: Rauwolfia serpentina, Reserpine, Indole-Alkaloids, Potent, Antihypertensive,
Herbal remedy, Medicinal plant
INTRODUCTION
Rauwolfia (Rauwolfia serpentina) is an
evergreen shrub that is member of the dogbane
or apocynaceae family. More than 100 species
are included in the Rauwolfia genus, and they
are native to tropical and subtropical regions
of the world, including Europe, Africa, Asia,
Australia and the Central and South America.
Rauwolfia serpentina is native to the moist,
deciduous forests of Southeast Asia, including
India, Burma, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and
Malaysia.
The plant has many shiny, black or purple,
round fruits that are approximately 0.5 cm in
diameter. It also has small pink or white
flowers. The plant has a prominent tuberose.
The plant has also tap root that reaches a
length between 30 and 50 and diameter
between 1.2 and 2.5cm [1].
The plant is known by various common names
in different place as given below:
Hindi: Chandrabhaga, Sarpaghandha
English: Rauwolfi or Indian snake root
Latin: Rauwolfia serpentina.
Kannada: Keramaddinagaddi
Bengali: Chandra
Tamil: Chevanamalpodi
Chinese: Lu fu mu
Sanskrit: Sarpaghandha
Rauwolfia serpentina or Sarpaghandha is an
important medicinal plant distributed in the
foot -hill of Himalaya range, up to the
elevation of 1300–1400 m. Rauwolfia
serpentina or sarpaghandha is widely used in
modern medical system and it is also used in
Ayurveda, Unani and folk medicine. Hindus
used this plant for centuries as an antidote to
the bites of poisonous snakes [2]. The plant
was used by many physicians throughout India
in the 1940s and then was used throughout the
world in the 1950, including in the United
States and Canada [3].
It is also used in common treatment for
hypertension, insomnia and used also on
various central nervous system disorders, both
physical and motor, including anxiety states,
excitement [4]. Extracts from the root are used
for the treatment of intestinal disorders, like
diarrhea and dysentery.
Scientific Classification [2]
Kingdom: plantae
Phylum: Angiosperms
Subphylum: Eudicots
Class: Asteroids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Genus: Rauwolfia
Species: serpentina

12. RRJoPC (2016) 5-12 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 5
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacognosy
ISSN: 2394-7276(online)
Volume 3, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
Advantages and Updates of Abhyanga in Infant and Infant
Massage: A Review
Madhumita Panigrahi1,*
, Mahesh Vyas1
, Kabi Prasad Mohanty2
1
Department of Basic Principles, Institute of Post Graduate Teaching and Research in Ayurveda,
Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
2
Department of Shareera Rachana, Major S.D. Singh Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital,
Farrukhabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
Abhyanga is the oldest of all techniques for healing, preventing diseases and promoting
health. Ongoing through the ancient texts, it is evident that Abhyanga is one of the
consequential Ayurvedic procedure practiced since the dawn of civilization. It has been
included as a part of Dinacharya as a health maintenance and as the treatment major for
certain diseases. It is also a part of pre-therapeutic procedures of Panchakarma. The
dramatic growth of infants during the first year of life imposes unique cares. Considering the
smooth transition of children Ayurveda explained Abhyanga, very delicate and sophisticated
protocol for infant. Abhyanga is quoted in navajata shishu pareecharya, samskara, balagraha
etc. Infant massage with lubricant is in practice around the world and resembles with
Ayurveda Abhyanga process. Several benefits of Abhyanga in infant include nourishment,
health, protection, emotional well-being and beauty purpose. It has a great importance
according to the pressure applied, the techniques adopted, the materials used etc. Harmful
effects like physical injury and increased risk of infection were encountered when performed
inappropriately. Though Abhyanga is one of the most important auxiliary medical maneuvers,
it has been ignored by the practitioners and parents too. The review also discusses the
different hypotheses put forward regarding the mechanism of action in both Ayurveda and
modern science.
Keywords: Abhyanga, Ayurveda, infant massage, mechanism of action
INTRODUCTION
Abhyanga is one of the consequential
Ayurvedic procedures. It has again captured its
central place amongst the way for healing,
preventing diseases and promoting health. It is
the oldest of all techniques for relieving pain
and shaping the organs, regenerating the tissue
and correcting all internal functions. It has
origin in natural instincts of animals and
handed over to conscious man with a mandate
to improve as per possible to his own wisdom.
In spite of all advancement in knowledge and
complexes of techniques, it retains its
usefulness and significance even in steps for
saving life. Similar kind of procedures have
also been documented in the earliest ever texts
of mankind, i.e. Rigveda, in various ways for
prevention of the diseases. The procedure has
been continued for thousands of years and
vivid description has been documented in
Atharvaveda. So, from the Vedic era, the
procedure has gone through various stages and
phases of metamorphosis and finally the
Ayurveda scholars have framed and designed a
more rational and logical procedure in
accordance with the nature and variance of
Dosha. Infant period is extremely critical
phase of life. This period is foundation of adult
human life. Infant care is therefore very
important area of health practices and
practiced across the world since ancient time
of human civilization. The dramatic growth of
infants during the first year of life (threefold
increase in weight and two fold increase in
length, mile stone development) imposes
unique care during this period. The rapid rates
of growth are accompanied by marked
developmental changes in organ function and
composition, failure to provide adequate
nourishment during this time is likely to have
adverse effect on growth as well as
development. So, Ayurveda explained

13. RRJoPC (2016) 13-18 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 13
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacognosy
ISSN: 2394-7276(online)
Volume 3, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
Antimicrobial Potential of Methanolic Extract of
Barringtonia acutangula (L.) Gaertn Fruits
A. Mohanty*, C. Das, G. Ghosh, P.K. Sahu
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan
University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Abstract
Barringtonia acutangula is a middle-sized plant which is distributed in Meghalaya, Assam,
West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha, used in treatment of various ailments. The
present work has investigated the antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of Barringtonia
acutangula fruit against six resistance bacterial strains such as Enterococcus faecalis,
Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter bumannii (Gram positive) and Citrobacter freundii,
Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli (Gram negative). The antibacterial activity was
evaluated by well-in agar assay. It was found that methanol extract of B. acutangula showed
significant antibacterial activity against the test micro-organisms by disc diffusion and tube
dilution methods. Further, the extract was found to be more effective against gram positive
bacteria. Methanol fruit extract of B. acutangula showed minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) ranges between 0.67 and 4.27 mg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)
ranges between 1.51 and 9.63 mg/ml. The presence of carbohydrate, glycoside, saponins,
flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and phenolic compounds were ascertained on phytochemical
screening of methanol extract of the fruit. The present work revealed that, phytochemical
compounds present in fruit of this plant are principal sources for significant antibacterial
activity. Further study is needed to access the development of novel formulation by taking fruit
extract of B. acutangula and isolation of bioactive phytoconstituents.
Keywords: Barringtonia acutangula, phytochemical screening, anti-microbial activity
INTRODUCTION
Microorganisms are the major cause of many
diseases. Now-a-days, they are resistant to the
newly available synthetic drugs. So, to combat
against the multi-drug resistant bacteria, herbal
drugs are thought to be important antibacterial
agents. The majority of world population
(80%) rely on herbal drugs as they are easily
available with less side effects [1]. Herb has
also proven its effectiveness from years.
Barringtonia acutangula is a middle-sized
plant which belongs to family
Barringtoniaceae and is found throughout
Africa, Asia, Australia, Polynesia and India. In
India, it is distributed in Meghalaya, Assam,
West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and
Odisha. The fruits are bluntly quadrangular,
long broadest in the middle and rounded [2].
The fruit of B. acutangula contains
triterpenoid sapogenins, triterpenoids XI [3],
barringtogenol B [4], and barringtogenol D
[5, 6], with triterpene acid and barrigenic acid
[7]. Traditionally, the fruits are used to treat
diseases like colic, intestinal worms, wounds,
syphilis, cough, bronchitis, ulcers, leprosy,
dysmenorrhoea, eye troubles etc. [8]. Fruits of
B. acutangula are also used in diabetes [9] and
inflammatory disorders [10]. Extracts of
different plant parts like leaf [11], stem bark
[12], and seed [13] showed prominent
antimicrobial activity. Currently, there is a
growing risk in the use of synthetic
antimicrobial drugs on human health and
environment. Therefore, there is a need for
alternative antimicrobial agents from natural
sources that would have less adverse effects on
human health. Literature survey revealed that,
no extensive research work has been reported
on antibacterial activity of methanol extract of
B. acutangula fruits. In the current study,
methanol fruit extract of B. acutangula (L.)
Gaertn was taken to evaluate the antimicrobial
activity against six bacterial strains namely
Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus,

14. RRJoPC (2016) 19-23 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 19
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacognosy
ISSN: 2394-7276(online)
Volume 3, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
Oncology in Ayurveda: Concept and Management
Nishant Shukla*
Department of Ayurvedic Medicine, Uttaranchal Ayurveda College, Dehradun, Uttaranchal, India
Abstract
Cancer is known to mankind since long. The disease has been believed to be difficult to cure,
due to uncontrolled cell division. Disease has been described in details as Arbuda in
ayurvedic classics. There are four-fold treatments for Arbuda viz., Aushadha (medicinal
management with medicinal herbs, polyherbal combinations and herbomineral compounds);
Kshara (alkali treatment); Agni Karma; and Shastra (surgical removal of tumour). The
selection of medicaments or process depends on the status of patient and disease. Medicinal
management or conservative management is opted to increase local host defence and
nutritional principle that ensure better tissue health and thus offers resistance to proliferating
cancer cells. Unlike other cytotoxic measures herbal medicine have added benefit of
improving nutrition to the area affected thus it arrests growth of cancer cells. The other
measures can be employed in later stages of disease for detoxicating specific area of tumour.
Keywords: cancer, arbuda, detoxicating, tumour, herbomineral compounds
INTRODUCTION
Cancer is a complex disease having multiple
facets known to mankind since its evaluation.
The disease has tendency to proliferate and
spread to nearby tissues or distant through
blood or lymph. A tumour or malignant is
defined as uncontrolled abnormal growth of
cells having lack of differentiation. Cancer can
occur in any tissue of the body; the commonest
cancers are observed in connective tissues
such as sarcoma, lymphoma, leukaemia, etc.
and epithelial tissues such as carcinoma.
The disease has been dealt in detail in
ayurvedic classics; even Vedas (the oldest
scientific literature) describes the disease. The
disease has been described as Asadhya
(incurable) as all possible treatments cannot
revert the disease process or genetic change
that is responsible for uncontrolled growth of
tissues, which stands unchanged till date. The
present approach of management is to destroy
or quench malignant cells using different
means of radiation or chemotherapeutic
agents; radical surgery is also performed in all
possible cases.
This approach of management uses the agents
that are causing mutation of genes or cytotoxic
effects that result in untoward therapeutic
effects, or complications. The cancerous cells
can be concurred by two ways, i.e., arresting
the growth by use of cytotoxic agents and the
other natural way by normal homeostasis
mechanism and immune response.
The use of cytotoxic agents alters body’s own
defence mechanism. This fact was very well
known by the ancient ayurvedic scholars and
thus they developed four-level therapy for
management of cancer or malignant tissues,
i.e., Aushadha (medicinal treatment with
herbs, polyherbal compounds, herbomineral
compounds and mineral compounds), Kshra
(use of alkali locally or systematically), Agni
(cauterisation) and Shalya (surgical methods,
i.e., excision). The use of medicinal herbs
improves and supports natural host defence
mechanism thus maintains physical strength of
human at its optimal level. Well-nourished
tissues arrests growth of cancerous tissues and
Mansankura or Mansarbuda (muscular growth)
of any kind may be burnt by use of alkali or
heat that does not differ with action of
medicinal drugs.
Author has treated various cases of cancer of
different tissues on the basis of Ayurveda
using herbal and polyherbal combinations. In
this paper, a detailed review of basis of disease
and clinical experience of cancer management
through Ayurveda has been presented.

15. RRJoPC (2016) 24-27 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 24
Research & Reviews: A Journal of Pharmacognosy
ISSN: 2394-7276(online)
Volume 3, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
Quality Control of Ayurvedic Drugs
Aparna Sharma1
, Vaidya Ish Sharma2,
*, Nancy Shahi3
1
Department of Shalakya Tantra, The National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
2
Department of Rog Nidan, Babe Ke Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Daudhar, Moga,
Punjab, India
3
Department of Samhita and Siddhant, Babe Ke Ayurvedic Medical College and Hospital, Daudhar,
Moga, Punjab, India
Abstract
Ayurveda is the ancient most system of medicine and most of Indian population uses
Ayurvedic drugs in some form [1]. Their high cultural acceptability is due to the experienced
safety and efficiency over centuries of use. Because of their unique effects and relatively low
side effects, this medicine has been gaining popularity all over the world. British physicians
travelled to India to observe rhinoplasty being performed using native methods [2]. Quality is
conformance to requirement and meeting stated as well as implied needs of customer. The
word quality is derived from Latin ‘qualis’ means ‘of what kind’ and encompasses
composition and properties of object. Pharmaceutical products are subjected to have highly
regulated quality control. The increasing use of these products worldwide and the growth of
Ayurvedic drugs industry have led to increasing concern regarding their safety. Quality is
conformance to requirement and meeting stated as well as implied needs of customer. Quality
control is a challenge to ensure safety, efficacy, and batch-to-batch consistency of Ayurvedic
products due to the complexity of phytochemical constituents. To ensure both safety and
efficacy of herbal medicines, implementation of and adherence to good agricultural and
collection practice (GACP), good plant authentication and identification practice (GPAIP),
good manufacturing practice (GMP) before and during the manufacturing process, and good
laboratory practice (GLP) in analysis are necessary which are ethically delivered to the
subjects as per good clinical practices. To protect the health of consumers, the quality and
safety of herbs and herbal products must be ensured. To date, the toxicity, genotoxicity, and
tumorigenicity of many herbal products have not been fully studied. The current paper plans
to discuss the essential components of GMP, GCP, GLP.
Keywords: Good clinical practices (GCP), good manufacturing practices (GMP), good
laboratory practice (GLP), quality control
INTRODUCTION
Ayurveda is the ancient most system of
medicine. More than 70% of Indian population
uses Ayurvedic drugs in some form. Their
high cultural acceptability is due to the
experienced safety and efficiency over
centuries. Those who understand Ayurveda
deeply state that every material, whether
animate or inanimate is potentially
medicinal [3].
In its origin Ayurveda was carefully and
systematically developed. As a result, it is now
being confirmed by measures of many
scientific parameters. It not only provides
medical cure for diseases, but its holistic
approach uses unique principles of diet, life-
style, detoxification, meditation and
therapeutics to balance and enrich all aspects
of the physiology and psyche. In light of these
past and present aspects of Ayurveda the
system’s potential for promotion of health and
wellness is well-acknowledged.
Ayurveda treatments, somehow, of late have
come under attack for several reasons.
Unethical companies are under scrutiny for the
production of adulterated medicines while
some of its practitioners have indulged in
illegal practices.
All these events led the department of
AYUSH, ministry of health and family
welfare, government of India, to implement a

16. conducted
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Energy Science/ /
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