2. INDIA GROWTH STORY
2
• World’s largest producer of milk since 1998
• 17 % of World Milk Production.
• Peak Production 182 MMT 2015-16
• Indian Growth Last Decade 4.2% (World 2.2% - FAO)
• Per capita availability of milk up from 130 gm per day (1950-51)
to 307 gm per day (2013-14)
• In-milk Bovine pop up 9%
• Domestic Demand for milk will increase to 210 MMT:
• Traditional Indian dietary preferences
• Increased population-young & elderly(longevity)
• Enhanced per capita income and affordability
• Export Potential
8. INDIGENOUS BREEDS
• 40 Breeds of cattle
• 13 breeds of buffaloes
•QUALITIES OF INDIGENOUS BREEDS
• heat tolerance
• diseases & tick resistant
• withstand extreme climate
• acclimatised to breeding tract
•Effect of climate change on productivity
lesser extent- than Bos taurus
• MILK
• high fat & protein content
• high SNF content
• high proportion of A2 allele
9. Bos Indicus: Indian Native Cow:
A Natural Resource For A2 Milk
178 million cattle population.
10. 40 well-defined breeds of cattle
(world’s best zebu breeds-
204.5 million cattle)
• Diversity-years of evolution
• Adapted to different agro-
climatic regions
• Different utility types
• Categorized on basis of
geographical location/ coat
color
• Genetic differences of all the
breeds not well understood
Diversity within Indian
native cattle
11. Some Indinous cattle with high milk productivity
Sahiwal
Hariana
Tharparkar
HarianaSahiwalRed Sindhi
16. Two main types of milk proteins - casein and whey proteins- make up
80% and 20% of the protein content of milk respectively.
Beta-casein makes up 1/3 of the total protein content in milk.
There are two types of beta-casein: A1 and A2-differ by only one
amino acid - potentially impacting digestion.
A2 milk contains a preponderance of A2 beta-casein protein.
17. Milk from different Breeds
is white
.
Holstein Friesian
Jersy
Karan Fries
Sahiwal Tharparkar
Is it
really
same?
??
18. A2
A1
Turkey 5000 years ago
SNP Codon AA
A2 C CCT Pro
A1 A CAT His
A2 β Casein
A1 β Casein
One amino acid
change at position 67
A1 & A2 Variants
19. Potential Etiological Factor
• Coronary heart disease
• Arteriosclerosis
• schizophrenia
• High blood pressure
• Type –I Diabetes mellitus
• Autism
• High cholesterol
• Sudden infant death
syndrome
BCM-7 and Health
20. A1 milk & Human health
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
(Elliot et al.,1999)
Ischaemic heart disease
(McLachlan, 2001)
Sudden infant death
syndrome
(Sun et al., 2003)
Schizophrenia and Autism
(Knivsberg et al., 2001)
A1 Milk /BCM 7
21. International Market
• A2 milk is considered as BEST MILK
• The A2 Corporation was set up in Newzeland in
the late 1990s to test cows and market A2 milk at
premium price.
• Australia and Newzeland companies are selling it
18% higher price.
• India- recent trends- continuity and change!!
25. A2 is cows milk that contains only the A2 type of beta-casein protein
All proteins are long chains of amino acid. Beta casein is a chain 229
amino acids in length.
Cows who produce Beta casein in their milk with a proline at number
67 are called A2 cows, and are older breeds of cows
But some 5,000 years ago, a mutation-both natural & due to human
intervention-occurred in this Proline amino acid and began converting
it to Histidine. Cows that have this mutated beta-casein are called A1
cows
26. A2 β Casein
A1 β Casein
Proline hinders cleavage
Histidine allows cleavage
ElastasePepsin
Pancreatic
elastase
Beta-casomorphin-7( BCM7)
β-casomorphin-7
Content of β-casomorphin-7 in β-casein A1 hydrolysed milk is 4 times higher
than A2 milk (Cieslinska et al., 2007)
27. BCM Mechanism
BCM7 is a strong opioid with strong affinity for mu
opioid receptors, crosses the blood brain barrier with
ease and causes bizarre behaviour.
It also catalyse LDL oxidation.
Stimulate intestinal mucous secretion, slow GI motility
& GI absorption, secretion, immune function
28. A1 Histidine
- CATA2 Proline–
CCT
Lactose, Fat
Protein CarbohydratesMilk
Digestion of Milk and BCM-7
29. 29
• All the Hariana and Sahiwal cows, meeting the bench mark of 6 kg peak yield
and 10 kg peak yield would be identified along with their progeny.
• Cash incentive at the following rates will be given to the owners of the recorded
cows
i). Hariana Cows
Peak Yield in Kg) Incentive Money (Rs.)
8 to 10 Kg Rs. 10,000/-
>10 to 12 Kg Rs. 15,000/-
Above 12 Kg Rs. 20000/-
ii). Sahiwal Cows
Peak Yield in Kg) Incentive Money (Rs.)
10 to 12 Kg Rs. 10,000/-
>12 to 15 Kg Rs. 15,000/-
Above 15 Kg Rs. 20,000/-
30. Strategies
Screening of breeding bulls being used in breeding programmes
for their A1/A2 status and selection of A2 bulls will help in
transforming the herd to A2 producing ones
It would be an effective measure to prevent the dissemination
of undesirable A1 allele in our existing A2 predominant cattle
populations
All breeding bull used in cattle improvement programme
should have A2 allele for breeding.
If there is demand from consumers for A2 milk as a matter of
choice, the Government of India and state governments should
come up with policy guidelines by designing sound breeding
policy for production of milk with desirable allele.
