3. AIR VESSELS :-
An air vessel is a closed chamber containing
compressed air in top portion and liquid (or water)
at the bottom of the chamber.
4.
5. Ld = length of delivery pipe beyond the air vessel,
Ld ‘ = length of delivery pipe between cylinder &air
vessel,
Ls’ = length of suction pipe between cylinder &air
vessel,
Ls = length of suction pipe below the air vessel,
Had = pressure head due to acceleration in delivery
pipe,
Has = pressure head due to acceleration in suction
pipe,
Hfd = loss of head due to friction in delivery pipe
beyond the air vessel,
Hfd’ = loss of head due to friction in delivery pipe
between the air vessel,
Hfs = loss of head due to friction in delivery pipe
6. USES :-
To obtain a continuous supply at liquid at a
uniform rate.
To save a consider amount of work in over coning
the feigional resistance in the suction and delivery
pipe.
To gun the pump at a high speed without
separation
7. INDICATOR DIAGRAM:-
The graph between pressure head in the cylinder
and stroke length of the piston for one complete
revolution of the crank,
8. CAVITATION:-
Cavitation is defined as the of vapour boubles
where the pressure of the liquid falls below its
vapour pressure.
And the sudden collapsing of these vapour boubles
in a region of higher pressure.
When the vapor boubles collapse a very high
pressure created
Which cause pitting action on the metalic surface.
9. PRECAUTIONS:-
Fluid pressure in hydraulic system do not allowed to
full below vapour pressure.
Cavitation resistance material should be used CA,
bronze, stainless steel
Effect:-
• Matelic surface are dunaged, cavities are formed
• Due to sudden collapse of vapour bubbles,
considerable noise and vibration are produced
10. CHARACTERISTICS OF
RESIPROCATING PUMP:-
Being a constant capacity machine (nearly) in a
capacity(x) and head(y) plot.
The characteristics will be a vertical line for that
speed for low heads.
All pumps will have a maximum operating speed
specified by the manufacture dictated by the
structural integrity of the pump.
Speed are fixed by the belt pulley arrangement or
achieved by suitable mechanism.