Proposed Amendments to Chapter 15, Article X: Wetland Conservation Areas
Cash the ash
1.
2. CASH THE ASH
By: Shahzad Ali Channa
Course: Environmental issues & Management
Instructor: Dr. Nuzhat Khan
3. The best climate policies are those that allow
market incentives to work.
Doug Hooton (University of Florida)
4. CCP (Coal Combustion Product)
Residue generated in coal combustion
Coal Ash
Bottom Ash Fly Ash
Fine particle residue that fly
with flue gas
Thick granular particle
residue that settles down
5. -Ceramics, Paints and plastics
-Lightweight sand, grit, coarse aggregate
(for engineered filled in dams, roads foundations, barriers)
Ash is not a waste -Cement (as kiln feed or for use in blended cement)
-Concrete and Grout (as a supplementary cementing material SCM)
-Solidification/stablisation agent to condition soil, stabilize waste,
mitigate acid mine drainage
-Hydraulic mine Backfill replaces
cement
Metals recovery
By chemical or
Electrochemical
treatment
6. Europe utilize 85% of coal ash produced with Neitherland, Denmark utilizing 100%
7. United States utilizing coal ash.
American road and transportation builders association estimates coal fly ash
Used in road and bridges saves $5.2 billion per year in US construction coast
8. CANADA utilizing fly ash
Back in 99, 48% of electricity was generated by coal fired power plant. Now it is reduced to 16%. They
are utilizing 31% of fly ash.
9. Country Annual ash production MT Ash Utilization
• China 100 45%
• USA 75 65%
• Germany 40 85%
• UK 15 50%
• Australia 10 85%
• Canada 6 75%
• France 3 85%
• Denmark 2 100%
• Italy 2 100%
• Netherland 2 100%
Ref: Alam & Akhtar, Int Jr of emerging trends in engineering and development, Vol 1 (2011)
10. RECOMMENDATION
In Pakistan, particularly in sindh province there are few Cement industries operational
And mining business is not operational on a large scale. These two major site of fly ash
Utilisation will make little or no difference.
Creating bricks from the fly ash though
can be a good replace for construction
business. Storing fly ash in the form of
brick can make it available for future use
as well.
