The document discusses the role of individuals in preventing pollution. It outlines several types of pollution including water, noise, marine, air, thermal, nuclear, and soil pollution. For each type, it describes what the pollution is and provides measures individuals can take to control it. The document emphasizes that while governments and industries play a role, individuals are ultimately responsible for pollution and must make efforts to reduce causes of pollution in their daily lives and raise awareness in their communities.

1. Role of an
Individual in
Prevention
of Pollution
PRESENTED
BY:
S.MALAIAPPAN SRIKANTH
TO MAKE A HEALTHY NATION , WE MUST HAVE A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT & LIFE STYLE

2. Where this could Lead to?
Where this could Lead to?
Is there any Hope???

3. As we say :
If there is a problem , there is a solution
Similarly,
For pollution , there are solutions

4. So, there is Hope
But the race is against time!!
So, there is Hope
But the race is against time!!

5. How can we win tHis Race?
How can we win tHis Race?
• We know that “Prevention is better than Cure”
• Thus, to win this race,each of us have to play our roles in preventing
pollution
"If we heal the earth, we heal ourselves."

6. PoLLUtion is tHe……
• It is the introduction of contaminants/harmful substances into the
natural environment that cause serious drastic changes at the
global level.
• It is the HUMANS(us) who are the root cause for this harmful
substances to enter into our(their own) environment due to
ignorance.
• let’s see what are the measures to be taken to get rid of this
poisonous environment which is created by our own, where each
and every individual who born in this mother earth are
responsible
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7. BEFORE , ENTERING INTO THE
PREVENTIVE MEASURES WE
MUST HAVE A CLEAR IDEA ON
ABOUT, HOW COULD WE SOLVE
THESE ISSUES THAT IS
PREVAILING IN THE
ENVIRONMENT & ON WHAT
BASIS WE MUST PLAN TO DO.
SO, FOR THAT WE MUST HAVE
TO UNDERSTAND THE CONCEPTS
EXISITING ON POLLUTION AND
IT’S TYPES . LET SEE WHAT IT IS..
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8. TYPES OF POLLUTION
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WATER POLLUTION
NOISE POLLUTION
MARINE POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
THERMAL POLLUTION
NUCLEAR POLLUTION
SOIL POLLUTION
Role of an Individual in Prevention of Pollution

9. WATER
POLLUTION
A chronic pollution

10. What is WATER POLLUTION ?
Water pollution occurs when harmful substances—often chemicals or
microorganisms—contaminate a stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or other body o
water, degrading water quality and rendering it toxic to humans or the
environment.
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11. PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION:
• Judicious use of agrochemicals like pesticides and fertilizers
which will reduce their surface run-off and leaching.
• Use of nitrogen fixing plants to supplement the use of fertilizers.
• Adopting integrated pest management to reduce reliance on
Pesticides and Insecticides.
• Prevent the mixing of industrial waste water into lakes or ponds
near to it ,to avoid suffocation of Marine bodies.
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• Prevent run-off of manure. Divert such run-off to basin for
settlement.The nutrient rich water can( be used as fertilizer in the
fields.
• Separate drainage of sewage and rain water should be provided to
prevent overflow of sewage with rainwater.
• Afforestation would reduce pollution by sediments and will also
prevent soil erosion.

13. POLLUTION
A PSYCHOLOGICALLY AFFECTING POLLUTION
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14. What is NOISE POLLUTION ?
The unpleasant and unwanted sound is called noise, And
the pollution caused by them is called noise pollution.

15. Noise standards recommended by CPCB committee
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16. CONTROL OF NOISE POLLUTION:
1. Reduction in sources of noise: Sources of noise pollution likeheavy
vehicles and old vehicles may not be allowed to ply in the populated areas.
2. Noise making machines should be kept in containers with sound
absorbing media. The noise path will be in interrupted and will not reach
the workers.
3. Proper oiling will reduce the noise from the machinery.
4. Planting more trees having broad leaves.
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17. •Use of sound absorbing silencers:
Silencers can reduce noise for absorbing sound. For this purpose
various types of fibrous material could beused
•Through Law:
Legislation can ensure that sound production is minimized at
various social functions. Unnecessary horn blowing should be
restricted especially in vehicle-congested areas.
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18. MARINE
POLUTION
A KILLING POLLUTION
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19. What is MARINE POLLUTION ?
Pollution of oceans caused by sewage sludge,industrial
effluents,detergents,agrochemicals,solid wastes,plastics,metals
and waste heat is called marine pollution.
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20. CONTROL OF MARINE POLLUTION:
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(i)Toxic pollutants from industries and sewage treatment
plants should notbe discharged in coastal waters.
(ii)Run off from non-point sources should be prevented
to reach coastalareas.
(iii)Sewer overflows should be prevented by having
separate sewer andrain water pipes.
(iv)Dumping of toxic, hazardous wastes and sewage
sludge should bebanned.

21. v) Developmental activities for humans purpose on
coastal areas should be minimized.
(vi) Oil and grease from service stations should be
processed for reuse.
(vii) Oil ballast should not be dumped into sea.
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22. POLLUTION
A HAZARDOUSAND DEADLY POLLUTION
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23. What is NUCLEAR POLLUTION ?
Radioactive substances are present in nature.They undergo natural
radioactive decay in which unstable isotopes spontaneously give out
fastmoving particles, high energy radiations or both,and the
pollution cause due to them is called nuclear pollution.

24. Control of Nuclear Pollution :
(i)Siting of nuclear power plants should be carefully done after studyinglong
term and short termeffects.
(ii) Proper disposal of wastes from laboratory involving the use ofradioisotopes
should be done.
(iii)Containment of the waste in radiation-shielded containers usuallyburied
underground
(iv)Isolation of radiation waste in remote locations such as remote cavesor
abandoned mines

25. POLLUTION
A POISONOUS POLLUTION
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26. Air pollution occurs due to the presence of undesirable solid orgaseous
particles in the air in quantities that are harmful to human health and the
environment.
What is AIR POLLUTION ?

27. Air pollution can be minimized by the following methods:
i)One of the effective means of controlling air pollution is to have proper
equipment in place.This includes devices for removal of pollutants from the flue
gases though scrubbers, closed collection ,recovery systems through which it is
possible to collect the pollutants before they escape,use of dry and wetcollectors,
filters, electrostatic precipitators, etc.Providing a greater height to the stacks can
help in facilitating the discharge of pollutants as far away from the ground as
possible.
ii)Industries should be located in places so as to minimize the effects ofpollution
after considering the topography and the wind directions. Substitution of raw
material that causes more pollution with those that cause less pollution can be
done.

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iii)Removing sulphur from coal (by washing or with the help ofbacteria).
iv)Removing NOx during the combustionprocess.
v)Removing particulate from stack exhaust gases by employingelectrostatic
precipitators, bag-house filters, cyclone separators,scrubbersetc.
vi)Vehicular pollution can be checked by regular tune-up of engines ; replacement
of more polluting old vehicles; installing catalytic converters ;by engine
modification to have fuel efficient (lean) mixtures to reduceCO and hydrocarbon
emissions; and slow and cooler burning of fuels to reduce NOx emission (Honda
Technology).
vii)Using mass transport system, bicyclesetc.
viii)Shifting to less polluting fuels (hydrogengas).

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30. WHAT IS SOIL POLLUTION ?
Soil pollution refers to anything that causes contamination of soil and
degrades the soil quality. It occurs when the pollutants causing the pollution
reducethe quality of the soil and convert the soil inhabitable for
microorganisms and macro organisms living in the soil.

31. Control of Soil Pollution
(i) Effluents should be properly treated before discharging them on
thesoil.
(ii)Solid wastes should be properly collected and disposed off by
appropriate method.
(iii) From the wastes, recovery of useful products should bedone.
(iv) Biodegradable organic waste should be used for generation of
biogas.

32. (v)Cattle dung should be used for methane generation. Night soil
(humanfaeces) can also be used in the biogas plant to produce in-
flammable methanegas.
(vi)Microbial degradation of biodegradable substances is also one of
the scientific approaches for reducing soilpollution.
(vii)Proper farming methods:
Finding alternatives to chemical fertilizers and pesticides is an ideal
way to avoid soil erosion. Rotational and mixed farmingare also
encouraged.

33. POLLUTION
A HEATING POLLUTION
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34. Thermal pollution can be defined as presence of waste heat inthe
water which can cause undesirable changes in the natural
environment.
WHAT IS THERMAL POLLUTION ?

35. CONTROL OF THERMAL POLLUTION
The following methods can be employed for control of thermalpollution
(i) Cooling ponds
(ii) Spray Ponds,
(iii)Coolingtowers
(i) Cooling Ponds:Water from condensers is
stored in ponds where natural evaporation
cools the water which can then be
recirculated or discharged in nearby water
body.

36. (ii) Spray Ponds:
The water from condensers
is received in spray ponds.
Here the water is sprayed
through nozzles where fine
droplets are formed. Heat
from these fine droplets is
dissipated to the
atmosphere.

37. (iii) CoolingTowers:
(a) Wet cooling tower:
Hot water is sprayed over baffles. Cool
air entering from sides takes away the
heat and cools the water.This cool water
can be recycled or discharged. Large
amount of water is lost through
evaporation and in the vicinity of wet
cooling tower extensive fog is formed
which isnot good for environment and
causes damage to vegetation.

38. (b) Dry cooling tower:
The heated water flows in a system
of pipes. Air is passed over these hot
pipes with fans.There is no water
loss in this method but installation
and operation cost of dry cooling
tower is many times higher than
wet cooling tower.

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Role of an Individual in the Prevention of Pollution
Administrative director of UNEP, M. Kolba (1992) suggested that care and
share is the simple and best method to control pollution.
This is being followed in advanced countries but in developing countries, people have
began to understand what care is but they do not follow to share.
The main causes of pollution in developing countries
i. Increasing population
ii. Illiteracy and poverty
iii. Rapid industrialization
iv. Failure in pollution management
Individually man can participate in solving the problem of pollution mainly in two
ways:
1. Direct role
2. Indirect role

40. MANDATORY REMINDER FROM CNN
• NASA reports that by the next 10 months, earth gets hotter by 4 degrees
from now. Himalayan glaciers are melting at rapid rate. Our climate is
changing drastically & it's getting worst. We must help fight Global
Warming by doing the following steps:
• 1) Plant more trees
• 2) Don't waste water
• 3) Use cloth bag and don't burn plastic

41. Consider these . . .
• Breathing is life. We know that we will survive without food for several weeks and
without water for few days, but without oxygen, we will die in a matter of minutes.
The oxygen, the air we breathe sustains us. So, let us make today and everyday
a good day for everyone. Allow the earth to have more clean air. Help control
pollution.

42. • “One person alone cannot save the planet’s biodiversity, but
each individual’s effort to encourage nature’s wealth must not be
underestimated.”- United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP)

43. Direct Role of an Individual:
Direct Role of an Individual involves those functions which
are done by individual himself. Since nature cannot solve the
problem of pollution on its own basis,
it is the duty of man to find means to solve this problem.
Since the cause of pollution is mainly human beings, only they
can minimize it by preventing its increase and spread. One can
remember the old saying that prevention is better than cure. A
man should regulate and reduce the causes of pollution at every
step. Some simple principles to reduce THE POLLUTION

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Man can participate in various activities for solving the problem of pollution.
1. One should support expansion of environmental education by participating
or supporting the system.
2. One should make efforts to develop awareness of environmental pollution by:
- Publishing information on pollution
- Organizing various exhibitions or competitions
- Sponsoring environment related advertisement
3. One should make Non Governmental Organizations or encourage and help in
developing NGO for social services against environmental pollution.
4. One should celebrate environmental dates as festivals of society and develop them
as non-caste and non-religious occasions for all.
5. One should organize special programmes and rallies on Tree Plantation Day (7 July)
& World Environmental Day and raise the slogans in the society.
6. One should encourage to follow Environmental Laws by making them popular and
help people to respect.

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