3. Bilbao and the Basque Country was suffering only 40
years ago the consequences of a cruel dictatorship, a
deep economic crisis, the highest unemployment figures
in Europe and a violent conflict.
4. The Basque Country is one of the EU leading territories
according to the UN Human Development Index (GDP
31.000âŹper capita,+literacy 80% high education+ womens life
expectancy 85,7).
Today, Bilbao is internationally recognized as a successful
case of socio economic transformation.
5. This transformation was possible due to a comprehensive
strategy based on public/private partnership, endogenous
reactivation of the economy and social innovation.
6. 80âs: TOUGH economic, social and
political crisis.
high unemployment
collapse of basic industries
obsolete infrastructures
80âs: triumph of the neo-liberal focus
in the world context: âthe best
industrial policies are the ones that
donât existâ
30 YEARS FOR A RADICAL TRANSFORMATION
1980: beginning of
Basque self-
government
IN THIRTY YEARS EUSKADI HAS
BECOME A NEW COUNTRY.
FROM A DECADENT AND OBSOLETE
ECONOMY, IT'S TURNED INTO A POTENT,
VENTURESOME AND COMPETITIVE
CENTER OF BUSINESS
â˘âŻ GDP has grown during the
last decade above that of
Spain and the EU
â˘âŻ 75% of production is
exported (50% in medium/
high technology products)
â˘âŻ Unemployment has
diminished drastically
â˘âŻ First in Spain in terms of
income per capita
â˘âŻ Above the European
average in terms of income
per capita (136 /100)
Tech
Desert
DURING THE 80's, THE
BASQUE ECONOMY
UNDERWENT A PROCESS OF
INTEGRAL RESTRUCTURING
FOLLOWING RECESSION
7. Keys to understand this transformation:
1st phase: 1980s âLearn to competeâ.
2nd phase: 1990s âLearn to compete and
cooperateâ Public/Private partnerships.
3rd phase: 2000-2010 âLearn to innovate in
cooperationâ A new ecosystem for social innovation.
8. Dominant ideas
in the past
â˘âŻ Economy of scale
â˘âŻ Centralised and unique
industrial and regional
policies
â˘âŻ The best industrial policy: the
one that does not exist
â˘âŻ Complete separation/
confrontation State-
Enterprise
â˘âŻ Exclusive Picking winners
â˘âŻ âViva el
MERCADOâ (prominence to
the market)
â˘âŻ Tripartite competition: USA-
Japan-Europe
â˘âŻ Free rein to International
Multilateral Organisations
What we believed in
⌠and did
â˘âŻ Interdependence, small is
beautiful, posible and essential
â˘âŻ De-concentration of regionalised
microeconomic policies
â˘âŻ âComprehensiveâ strategy for
competitiveness in solidarity
â˘âŻ Public-private and public-public
partnerships
â˘âŻ All industry matters
â˘âŻ Transformed public leadership,
with committed participation of
social entrepreneurs
â˘âŻ Multiple competition / New players
â˘âŻ Guiding principle: each country is
unique. Its own and differentiated
strategy
9. Gorka Espiau Idoiaga.
Agirre Lehendakaria Center
espiau@agirrecenter.com
Twitter: @GEspiau
Kamsahamnida
Eskerrik asko
Thank you
Then,
we decided to build the Bilbao Guggenheim Museum.