function of process management: planning, organizing, leading, controlling

2. FUNCTION OR PROCESS OF MANAGEMENT
 PLANNING
 ORGANIZING
 STAFFING
 CONTROLLING
 LEADING

4. PLANNING
 PLANNING IS DECIDING IN ADVANCE WHAT TO DO, HOW TO DO, WHEN TO DO,
AND WHO IS TO DO IT.
 IT IS A MANAGEMENT FUNCTION THAT INVOLVES DEFINING GOALS
,ESTABLISHING STRATEGIES FOR ACHIEVING THOSE GOAL ,AND DEVELOPING
PLANS TO INTEGRATE AND COORDINATE ACTIVITIES.
 A PLAN IS A FORECAST FOR ACCOMPLISHMENT .
 IT IS PREDETERMINED COURSE OF ACTION .
 IT IS TO PRODUCES A SCHEME FOR FUTURE ACTIONS ,TO BRING ABOUT
SPECIFIED PERIOD OF TIME.

5. DEFINITION OF PLANNING
 “PLANNING IS DECIDING IN ADVANCES WHAT IS TO BE DONE IN FUTURE”-
KOONTZ
 “PLANNING IS ANTICIPATORY TO DECISION MAKING “.-R.LACKOFF
 “PLANNING IS THINKING PROCESS, AN ORGANIZED FORESIGHT, VISION BASED
ON FACT AND EXPERIENCE THAT IS REQUIRED FOR INTELLIGENT ACTION”.-
ALFORD AND BEATTY.

6. Features of planning
 PLANNING IS GOAL –ORIENTED.
 PLANNING IS A PRIMARY FUNCTION.
 PLANNING IS ALL PREVASIVE.
 PLANNING IS A MENTAL EXERCISE.
 PLANNING IS A CONTINUOUS PROCESS.
 PLANNING INVOLVES CHOICE.
 PLANNING IS FORWARD LOOKING.
 PLANNING IS FLEXIBLE.
 PLANNING IS AN INTEGRATED PROCESS.
 PLANNING INCLUDES EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS DIMENSIONS.

7. PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING
 PRINCIPLE OF CONTRIBUTION TO OBJECTIVES.
 PRINCIPLE OF PRIMARCY OF PLANNING.
 PRINCIPLE OF PERVASIVENESS OF PLANNING.
 PRINCIPLE OF FLEXIBILITY .
 PRINCIPLE OF PERIODICITY.
 PRINCIPLE OF PLANNING PREMISES.
 PRINCIPLE OF LIMITING FACTOR.

8. IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
 PLANNING PROVIDES DIRECTIONS .
 PLANNING PROVIDES A UNIFING FRAMEWORK .
 PLANNING IS ECONOMICAL.
 PLANNING REDUCES THE RISK OF UNCERTANITY . PLANNING FACILATES
DECISION MAKING.
 PLANNING ENCOURAGE INNOVATION AND CREATITY.
 PLANNING IMPROVES MORALE.
 PLANNING FACILITATES CONTROL.

9. LIMITATIONS OF PLANNING
 RIGIDITY.
 COSTLY AND TIME CONSUMING.
 EMPLOYEE RESISTANCE.
 FALSE SERIES OF SECURITY.
 MANAGERIAL DEFICIENCIES.
 PREVENTS INNOVATION .
 DIFFICULT TO PREDICT.
 ENVIRONMENTAL TURBULENCE.
 EMERGENCY SITUATIONS.

10. ORGANIZING
 TASK MANAGERS PERFORM TO CREATE A STRUCTURE OF WORKING
RELATIONSHIPS THAT ALLOW ORGANIZATIONAL MEMBERS TO
INTERACT AND COOPERATE TO ACHIEVE ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS
 INOVLVES GROUPING PEOPLE INTO DEPARTMENTS
ACCORDING TO THE KINDS OF JOB-SPECIFIC TASKS THEY
PERFORM
 MANAGERS LAY OUT LINES OF AUTHORITY AND
RESPONSIBILITY
 DECIDE HOW TO COORDINATE ORGANIZATIONAL RESOURCES

11. DEFINATION OF ORGANIZING
 “ORGANIZATION IS THE PROCESS OT IDENTIFIYING AND GROUPING OF WORK TO
BE PRFORMED , DEFINING AND DELEGATING RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY
AND ESTABLISHING RELATIONSHIPS FOR THE PURPOSE OF ENABLING PEPOLE TO
WORK MOST EFFICIENTLY”- LOUIS A.ALLEN.
 “ORGANIZATION IS THE PROCESS OF DIVIDING UP OF THE ACTIVITIES WHICH
ARE NECESSARY TO ANY PURPOSE AND ARRANGING THEM IN GROUPS WHICH
ARE ASSIGNED O INDIVIDUALS.”-L.URICK.

12. IMPORTANCES OF ORGANIZING
 ORGANIZING HELPS ORGANIZATION TO REAP THE BENEFITS OF SPECIALIZATION
 ORGANIZING PROVIDES FOR OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF RESOURCES.
 ORGANIZING HELPS IN EFFECTIVE ADMINISTRATION.
 ORGANIZING CHANNELS FOR EXPANSION AND GROWTH .
 ORGANIZING ACHIEVES CO CORDINATION AMONG DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS.
 ORGANIZING CREATES SCOPE FOR NEW CHANGE.

13. PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZIATION
 PRINCIPLE OF UNITY OF OBJECTIVE.
 PRINCIPLE OF EFFICIENCY .
 PRINCIPLE OF SPAN OF CONTROL.
 PRINCIPLE OF ABSOLUTE RESPONSIBILITY .
 SCALAR CHAIN PRINCIPLE.
 PRINCIPLE OF THE LEVEL OF AUTHORITY.

14. STAFFING
 STAFFING IS THE PROCESS OF MACHING THE JOBS WITH CAPABLE PEOPLE.
 IT IS CONCEREND WITH SELECTION, PLACEMENT, GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
OF PEPOLE IN AN ORGANISATION.
 IT INVOLVES DETERMINATION OF WHAT PERSONEL ARE NEEDED ,IN WHAT
QUANTITY AND OF WHAT QUALITY.
 IT IS DEVELOPMENT ORIENTED AS IT TRIES TO REMAIN AND DEVELOP EMPLOYEE
THROUGH APPROPRIATE TRANNING AND COMPENSATION PROGRAMMES.

15. FEATURES OF STAFFING
 STAFFING INVOLVES PEOPLES
 STAFFING IS DEVELOPMENT ORIENTED
 STAFFING IS CONTINUOUS
 STAFFING IS A THREE STEP PROCESS
I. HIRING THE RIGHT KIND F PEOPLE TO FILL VACANCIES.
II. DEVELOPING THEIR SKILLS THROUGH TRAINING
III. MAINTAINING THEM BY CREATING FAVORABLE CONDITIONS OF WORK.

16. IMPORTANCE OF STAFFING
 KEY TO MANAGERIAL FUNCTIONS
 DESIGN A SOUND ORGANISATION
 MOTIVATION TO DO OUTSTANDING WORK.

17. CONTROLLING
 IT IS A PROCESS OF COMPARING ACTUAL PERFORMANCE WITH ESTABLISHED
STANDARDS
 IT IS THE PROCESS OF REQULATING ORGANISATIONAL ACTIVITIES SO THAT
ACTUAL PERFORMANCE CONFORMS TO EXPECTED ORGANISATIONAL STANDARDS
AND GOALS
 A GOOD CONTROLING SYSTEM IS GENERALLY ESGINED TO KEEP THINGS FROM
GOING WRONG
 CONTROLLING KEEPS THINGS THE ORGANISATION MOVING IN THE PROPER
DIRECTION

18. FEATURES OF CONTROLLING
 CONTROL IS POSITIVE FORCE
 CONTROL IS A CONTINUOUS PROCESS
 CONTROL IS FORWARD LOOKING
 CONTROL PROCESS IS DYNAMIC
 CONTROL PROCESS IS UNIVERSAL
 CONTROL IS GOAL ORIENTED
 DELEGATION IS THE KEY TO CONTROL

19. IMPORTANCES OF CONTROLLING
 ACHIEVEMENT OF GOAL
 EXECUTION OND REVISION OF PLAN
 BRING ORDER AND DECIPLINE
 FACILITATES DECENTRALIZATION OF AUTHORITY
 PROMOTES COORDINATION
 SCOPE WITH UNCENTANITY AND CHANGE

20. LEADING /DIRECTING
 ACCORDING TO DALE, DIRECTION IS TELLING PEOPLE WHAT TO DO AND SEEING
THAT THEY DO IT TO THE BEST OF THEIR ABILITY
 IT IS THROUGH DIRECTING THAT THE MANAGERS GET THE WORK TO BE DONE
THROUGH PEOPLE

21. FEATURES OR DIRECTING
 DEALS WITH PEOPLE
 SEEKS PERFORMANCES
 PROVIDES A LINK
 PERVASIVE
 DYNAMIC AND CONTINUOUS

22. IMPORTANCE OF DIRECTING
 INITIATES ACTION ACHIEVES INTEGRATION
 MOTIVATES PEOPLE
 FACILITATES CHANGES
 ATTAINS BALANCE AND STABILITY