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Cerebral Arterial Anatomy and Variants
- 1. DR SOUMITRA HALDER DEPT. OF RADIOLOGY MEDICAL COLLEGE,KOLKATA
- 2. Cerebral Arterial &Venous Anatomy... Anatomical variant…
- 3. The anterior circulation : The intradural ICA and its branches, Its two terminations ACA and MCA. Both the ACoAs and PCoAs. The posterior circulation : The vertebrobasilar trunk and its branches, Its terminal bifurcation into the two PCAs.
- 5. 3 . Innonimate artery 10. Left subclavian artery 15. Left common carotid artery
- 7. 4. Right subclavian artery 5. Right common carotid artery
- 8. Right subclavian artery Right vertebral artery Internal mammary artery Thyrocervical trunk Costocervical trunk
- 9. 6. Right vertebral artery 9. Internal mammary artery 16. Thyrocervical trunk 16
- 11. 1st Branch of right subclavian artery
- 12. V1 Courses –Cephalad to enter transverse foramina at C6 Ascend directly to C2 (V2) Turns laterally and superiorly thro C1 vertebral foramina Looping posteriorly along atlas V3 extraspinal Each VA passes superomedially thro foramen magnum In Posterior fossa anterior to medulla (intradural ) VAs unite to form basilar artery From subclavian arteries Left VA dominant 50%
- 13. Arises from proximal IA
- 14. RCCA – directly from aortic arch ( when right SCA is aberrant )
- 15. 2nd major branch from aortic arch 15.Left common carotid CCA bifurcates into ICA and ECA at midcervical level C3- C6 level.
- 16. LCCA- common origin with IA
- 17. Last branch from aortic arch Major branches - Left subclavian artery Left vertebral artery Internal mammary Thyrocervical trunk Costocervical trunk
- 18. First branch of left subclavian artery Dominant in 50-60% In 25% right and left VA are equal in size 11.Left vertebral artery 14.Left internal mammary
- 19. Left vertebral artery –directly from aortic arch
- 20. Smaller of the 2 carotids. Origin anterior and medial to ICA. Supplies the extracranial structures. Internal carotid artery External carotid artery Common carotid artery M LEFT SIDE NECK M L
- 22. Superior thyroid artery Lingual artery Facial artery Occipital artery Posterior auricular artery Ascending pharyngeal artery Early arterial phase of CCA angiogram
- 23. Late arterial phase of CCA angiogram Posterior auricular artery Occipital artery Facial artery Lingual artery Superficial temporal artery Maxillary artery
- 24. Cervical Intraosseous / petrous Lacerum Cavernous Intracranial / supraclinoid Opthalmic Communicating Internal carotid artery
- 25. No narrowing No dilatation No branches No tapering ICA ICA ECA
- 29. Subsegments 1. Ascending (short posterior vertical ) 2. Posterior genu 3. Longer Horizontal 4. Anterior genu 5. Anterior vertical Branches Meningohypophyseal artery Inferolateral trunk
- 32. Extends from distal dural ring at superior clinoid to just below posterior communicating artery (PCoA) origin . Branches – •Opthalmic artery •Superior hypophyseal artery CECT Anterior clinoid process C6
- 33. Mid arterial phase DSA Lateral view MRA Lateral DSA
- 34. •Extends from below PCoA to terminal ICA bifurcation. C7 segment branches Posterior communicating artery Anterior choroidal artery Lateral DSA AChA PCoA
- 35. PCOM •Arises – posterior aspect of intradural ICA just below anterior choroidal artery •Supplies – optic chiasma, pituitary stalk , thalamus , hypothalamus. MRA AChoA Choroidal plexus of lateral ventricle ( temporal horn and atrium ) Optic tract and cerebral peduncle Uncal and parahippocampal gyri of temporal lobe . Thalamus and posterior limb of internal capsule.
- 37. •Infundibular dilatation of PCoA at origin from ICA- 5- 15% •Funnel shaped , conical •PCoA arises from apex
- 38. Terminal ICA Anterior cerebral artery Middle cerebral artery 3D CTA MCA ACA ICA 3D CTAMid arterial phase DSA
- 40. Three important ICA vascular anomalies must be recognized on imaging studies: An aberrant ICA (AbICA), a persistent stapedial artery, and an embryonic carotidbasilar anastomosis.
- 41. a congenital vascular anomaly that enters the posterior middle ear cavity from below and hugs the cochlear promontory as it crosses the middle ear cavity. Patients with an AbICA typically present with pulsatile tinnitus.
- 43. A rare congenital vascular anomaly in which the embryonic stapedial artery persists postnatally. Arises from the C2 (petrous) ICA at the genu . Passes through the stapes footplate and doubles the size of the anterior (tympanic) facial nerve segment.
- 44. enlarged anterior tympanic segment of the facial nerve canal .
- 45. Represent persistent embryonic circulatory patterns Channels between embryonic aorta (caudal carotid artery) and paired longitudinal neural arteries (form basilar and vertebral arteries ) fail to regress. 1. Primitive persistent trigeminal artery 2. Primitive hypoglossal artery 3. Persistent otic artery PCoA PTA Otic Hypoglossal
- 46. Most common of PCBA - 0.1-0.2% . Sagittal MR scans and MRA ….. “Neptune's trident” configuration
- 48. Second most common type of PCBA. Arises from the posterior aspect of the cervical ICA along CN XII through the hypoglossal canal to anastomose with the basilar artery. The ipsilateral vertebral and posterior communicating arteries are hypoplastic. The posterior ICA arises from the PHA in 50% of cases.
- 51. ABSENT ICA ON LEFT
- 52. The anterior circulation : The intradural ICA and its branches, Its two terminations ACA and MCA. Both the ACoAs and PCoAs. The posterior circulation : The vertebrobasilar trunk and its branches, Its terminal bifurcation into the two PCAs.
- 53. 2ICAs Horizontal segment A1 of both ACAs 2 Posterior communicating arteries Anterior communicating artery Horizontal segment P1 of both PCA s Basilar artery
- 54. 3DVRT CTA MRA CT MRA 1. A1 2. P1 3. PCoA 4. ACoA
- 55. A1 horizontal segment • From ACA origin to ACoA junction. • Two br.
- 56. • Perforatingbranches. • Pass cephalad through anterior perforated substance. • Supply head of caudate nucleus and anterior limb of IC, medial putamen .
- 57. • Largest of the perforating branches. • May arise from A1 – 44% Proximal A2 – 50% • Derives its name from the fact that it doubles back on its parent artery at an acute angle to join lenticulostriate vessel. • Lies parallel to A1 . • Supplies inferior part of anterior limb of internal capsule
- 58. From ACoA junction to Cor callosum rostrum Ascend in front of 3rd ventricle in cistern of lamina terminalis br –Orbitofrontal, frontopolar
- 59. Curves around corpus callosum genu gives terminal branches A3 terminal branches- Pericollasal Collasomarginal
- 60. Lateral DSA mid arterial phase A1 A2 A3 orbitofrontal Callosomarginal Pericollasal Medial lenticulostriate Recurrent artery heubner Pericollasal A2 Orbitofrontal Frontopolar A3 Callosomarginal AP DSA mid arterial 3D MRA A2 Pericollasal Callosomarginal
- 61. The cortical ACA branches supply Anterior two thirds of the cerebral convexity adjacent to the interhemispheric fissure Anterior two-thirds of the medial hemispheres and corpus callosum Inferomedial surface of the frontal lobe The penetrating ACA branches (mainly the medial lenticulostriate arteries) supply medial basal ganglia corpus callosum genu anterior limb of the internal capsule
- 62. Part of COW -not a true branch of ACA Supply –Lamina terminalis , Hypothalamus , Anterior commissure , Fornix, Septum pellucidum , Para olfactory gyrus , Subcellosal region , Anterior part of cingulate gyrus
- 63. ACA – ACoA complex – normal 1/3rd anatomy dissection Absent , duplicate or multichannel ACoA – 10-15%
- 65. Single trunk from confluence of A1 segments of right n left ACAs- supplies both hemispheres . Assc with lobar holoprosencephaly, saccular aneursym
- 67. 4 Branches
- 68. AP DSA mid arterial phase AP DSA early arterial phase
- 69. Lateral •M1 horizontal •MCA bifurcation •M2 insular •M3 opercular CT
- 70. MRA
- 71. MCA ACA largest vascular territory. supplies most of the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere INCLUDING INSULA. Its penetrating branches supply most of the lateral basal brain structures. ANT TIP TEMP LOBE INF LAT FRONT LOBE … MCA
- 73. PCA origin from bifurcation of basilar artery in interpeduncular cistern. Lies above occulomotar nerve. Circles midbrain above tentorium cerebelli.
- 74. P1 precommunicating / peduncular • Basilar bifurcation extends laterally upto Junction with PCoA • Br – • Post thalamoperforating- thalamus , midbrain • Medial posterior choroidal artery – anteromedially along roof of 3rd ventricle – tectal plate , midbrain , thalamus posterior , pineal gland , tele choroidae of 3rd ventricle. P2 ambient / crural • PCA- PCoA junction posterior • Above trochlear nerve and tentorial incisura • Br – • Thalamogeniculate arteries- MGB , pulvinar , brachium superior colliculus , crus cerebri , LGB • Lateral post choroidal artery – over pulvinar of thalamus – posterior thalamus , lateral ventricular choroid plexus
- 75. P3 quadrigeminal/P4 Calcarine Behind midbrain in quadrigeminal plate cistern In calcaraine sulcus Inferior temporal artery • Undersurface of temporal bone • Anastamose -MCA Parietooccipital artery • Posterior 1/3rd interhemispheric surface • ACA Calcarine artery( P4 ) • Visual cortex • Occipital pole Posterior pericollasal artery (splenial) • Splenium of corpus callosum • ACA
- 76. AP DSA AP DSA mid arterial phase
- 77. OCCOPITAL LOBE POST THIRD OF MED AND POST LAT SURFACE HEMISPHERE INF SURF TEMP LOBE
- 78. Fetal origin of PCA from ICA instead of basilar – 15- 20 %
- 81. Lateral DSA AP DSA V1- extraosseous V2 –foraminal V3 – extraspinal V4 – intradural
- 82. The two VAs unite at or near the pontomedullary junction to form the BA. Courses superiorly in the prepontine cistern, lying between the clivus in front and the pons behind. Terminates in the interpeduncular fossa by dividing into the two posterior cerebral arteries. The first major named BA branch is the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) from the proximal BA 2-4 superior cerebellar arteries (SCAs) originate from each side of the distal BA( apex of BA)
- 84. Lateral DSA early arterial Lateral DSA late arterial
- 85. MRA
- 86. • Choroid plexus of 4th ventricle. • Posterolateral medulla. • Cerebellar tonsil. • Inferior vermis. • Posteroinferior cerebellar hemisphere. Supplies
- 87. 1st major branch. Posterior laterally in cerebellopontine angle cistern. Supplies- ▪ Inferolateral pons ▪ Middle cerebellar peduncle ▪ Flocculus ▪ Anterolateral cerebelllar hemisphere
- 88. – Arises from BA apex. Supplies – ▪ Superior surface of vermis n cerebellar hemisphere. ▪ Deep cerebellar white matter. ▪ Dentate nucleus. SCA
- 89. Hypoplastic VA
- 93. SCAs- can arise from P1 segment
- 94. Venous anatomy….
- 95. Dural venous sinuses The cerebral veins
- 96. Anteroinferior group • Cavernous sinuses • Superior petrosal sinuses • Inferior petrosal sinuses • Clival venous plexus • Sphenoparietal sinus Posterosuperior group • Superior sagittal sinus • Inferior sagittal sinus • Straight sinus • Sinus confluence (torcular herophili) • Transverse sinus • Sigmoid sinus • jugular bulbs
- 103. Irregularly shaped venous sinuses lie along the side of sella turcica. Formed by Lateral and a thin medial dural wall . CS contains- Two cavernous ICA and CN VI. Major tributaries draining Ophthalmic vein Sphenoparietal sinuses
- 106. 1)superficial/ cortical/ external veins 2) deep/internal veins 3) Brain stem/posterior fossa veins
- 107. It consists of 1)Superior group 2) Middle group 3) Inferior group
- 110. Divided into… 1. Medullary veins 2.Subependymal veins…..SEPTAL,THALAMOSTRIATE 3.Deep paramedian vein….ICV,VOG,ROSENTHAL
- 111. 1.SUPERIOR (GALENIC) GROUP Precentral cerebellar vein The superior vermian vein Anterior pontomesencephalic vein 2.ANTERIOR(PETROSAL)GROUP 3.POSTERIOR GROUP The inf vermian vein
- 115. …….to be continue
- 116. Vascular lesions….. Next …….
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Understanding vascular anatomy is fundamental to neuroimaging. About 18% of the total blood volume in the body circulates in the brain, which accounts for about 2% of the body weight. The blood transports oxygen, nutrients, and other substances necessary for proper functioning of the brain tissues and carries away metabolites. Loss of consciousness occurs in less than 15 seconds after blood flow to the brain has stopped, and irreparable damage to the brain tissue occurs within 5 minutes. Cerebrovascular disease or stroke, occurs as a result of vascular compromise or haemorrhage and is one of the most frequent sources of neurologic disability.
- A.k.a Brachiocephalic trunk . 1st vessel arising from the aortic arch .
- Common arch anomaly 0.5-1% of all cases Here it is the last brachiocephalic vessel arising from aortic arch -4th branch Often asymptomatic – 10 % of people can have dysphagia lusoria. Right common carotid arises directly from arch – first branch
- The origin of the VA is usually from the posterior superior part of the subclavian arteries bilaterally, although the origin can be variable: brachiocephalic artery (on the right) aortic arch: 6% of cases
- Course - Runs within a fascial plane – the carotid sheath –also contains IJV and vagus nerve, vein lateral to artery , nerve between the two Runs obliquely upwards from the level of sternoclavicular joint to the level of thyroid cartilage At bifurcation ICA usually lies posterior and lateral to the ECA
- Transverse facial – branch of sta
- ICA IS COMPLEX COURSE .HAVING MULTIPLE SEGMENTS.
- Is within the carotid canal of temporal bone and L shaped. subsegments joined at genu Short vertical segment – anterior to IJV Genu – petrous ICA turns anteromedially in front of cochlea Longer horizontal segment ICA –intraosseous enters carotid canal in petrous temporal bone. Surrounded by sympathetic plexus exit at petrous apex
- Small segment that extends from petrous apex ,LIES above foramen lacerum AND curving upwards AND towards THE CAVERNOUS SINUS. Covered by trigeminal ganglion No branches Terminates at its entrance into intracranial subarchnoid space adjacent to anterior clinoid process.
- Defined as that portion of the ICA located within the cavernous sinus. Most imp and complex of all ica segments. 3 subsegments connected by 2 genu. Posterior genu Supplies – pituitary gland cavernous sinus clival dura Tentorium Lateral mainstream artery Supplies – CN 3,4,6 gasserian ganglion CN5 cavernous sinus dura Anastomose with br of internal maxillary artery Collaterals b/w ECA N ICA
- SHORT INTERDURAL SEGMENTS Between proximal &distal dural rings of cavernous sinus . Ends as ICA enters subarachnoid space near anterior clinoid process No important branches Unless OA arises within CS The cavernous segment ends when the ICA passes through an opening in the anterior cavernous sinus wall called the “proximal dural ring” (PDR). A short but very important segment, where the ICA is sandwiched between the PDR and the Distal Dural Ring, (which marks the intradural transition), is neither intracavernous nor intradural.
- Lies within the sub arachnoid space.
- Last ica segment.
- Hypoplasia – 1/3 rd cases Persistence of embryonic configuaration ( fetal origin of posterior cerebral artery ) 20 – 25% Junctional dilatation at PCoA origin ( infundibuli ) 6 % PCoA duplication/ fenestraion – rare
- on otoscopic examination - a vascular-appearing retrotympanic mass lying in the anteroinferior mesotympanum is seen. mimics the clinical appearance of paraganglioma (glomus tympanicum, glomus jugulare). Biopsy may result in stroke or fatal hemorrhage, so this anomaly must be recognized by the radiologist and communicated to the referring clinician.
- The appearance of an AbICA on CT is pathognomonic. Axial bone CT shows a tubular lesion that crosses the middle ear cavity from posterior to anterior . Coronal images show a round, well-delineated soft tissue density lying on the cochlear promontory. Angiography (DSA, CTA, MRA) shows that the AbICA has a more posterolateral course than normal. A distinct angulation that resembles a “7” is often present, together with a change in contour and caliber (“pinched” appearance) before the segment resumes its normal course.
- Rare- 0.48% Intrapetrous embryonic vascular channel stapedio-hyoid artery Origin – petrous ICA/abICA Course – passes throu the footplate of stapes. Enclosed within a bony canal near cochlear promontary Termination – as middle meningeal artery CT- absentI/Lforamenspinosum d/d – glomus tumor Recognised before surgery
- Characteristic findings of a persistent stapedial artery (PSA) are illustrated. Axial temporal bone CT shows an enlarged anterior tympanic segment of the facial nerve canal .
- Early in embryonic development, connections form between the primitive carotid artery and the two longitudinal neural arteries (the fetal precursors of the basilar artery). With the exception of the posterior communicating artery, all these primitive arterial connections regress and then disappear when the definitive cerebral circulation forms. If they fail to regress, a postnatal persistent (“primitive” or “embryonic”) carotid-basilar anastomosis (PCBA) remains.
- is the most common of PCBA - 0.1-0.2% In utero the trigeminal artery supplies the basilar artery before development of the posterior communicating and vertebral arteries. The PTA arises from the junction between petrous and cavernous ICA, and runs posterolaterally along the trigeminal nerve (41%), or crosses over or through the dorsum sellae (59%). Vertebral, posterior communicating and caudal basilar arteries are often hypoplastic. Two types of PTA: In Saltzman type 1, the PTA supplies the distal basilar artery (BA), PCoAs are usually absent, and the proximal BA is hypoplastic. In Saltzman type 2, the PTA fills the superior cerebellar arteries while the PCAs are supplied via patent PCoAs. Sagittal MR scans and MRA show a “Neptune's trident” configuration. 1/4TH have associated vascular abnormalities such as saccular aneurysm, moyamoya, aortic coarctation, and arterial fenestrations.
- course – arise when ICA exists carotid canal and enters cavernous sinus
- The circle of Willis (COW) is the great arterial anastomotic ring that surrounds the basal brain structures and connects the anterior and posterior circulations with each other. In the event of arterial occlusion, the COW is the most important source of potential collateral blood flow to the occluded territory.
- Extends medially over the optic chaisma.
- Supply the anterior 2/3rds of medial hemispheric surface + small superior area over the convexities. Callosomarginal a.– lies in cingulate sulcus. supplies medial frontal lobe Pericallosal a.– course along the posterior aspect of corpus callosum between dorsal surface of corpus callosum and cingulate gyrus.and supplies it and medial parietal lobe
- Bihemispheric ACA Variable branches to C/L hemisphere. Separate right n left ACA. 1 ACA is dominant than other and it sends branches to other hemisphere. Other ACA is hypoplastic – terminate as orbitofrontal or frontopolar branch
- The MCA is divided into four segments: M1: from the origin to bifurcation/trifurcation (the limen insulae); also known as horizontal or sphenoidal segment M2: also known as insular segment, from bi(tri)furcation to circular sulcus of insula where it makes hairpin bend to continue as M3 M3: opercular branches (those within the Sylvian fissure); also known as opercular segment M4: branches emerging from the Sylvian fissure onto the convex surface of the hemisphere; also known as cortical segment
- M1-HORIZONTAL…Origin -Laterally from ICA bifurcation , Till its bi/trifurcation at sylvian fissure. Br – Lateral Lenticulostriate branch course superiorly…Supplies-Lentiform nucleus EXT capsule, caudate nucleus Anterior temporal artery ..supply tip of temporal lobe M2..INSULAR…POST BIFURCATION MCA turn posterosuperiorly in sylvian fissure. M3…OPERCULAR…LOOP AT or near the top of sylvian fissure and then course laterally. M4…CORTICAL…When they exit the sylvian fissure and ramify over the lateral surface of cerebral hemisp
- largest vascular territory. supplies most of the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere INCLUDING INSULA. with the exception of a thin strip at the vertex (supplied by the ACA) and the occipital and posteroinferior parietal lobes (supplied by the PCA). Its penetrating branches supply most of the lateral basal brain structures. INF LAT FRONT LOBE ANT TIP TEMP LOBE …
- OCCOPITAL LOBE,POST THIRD OF MED AND POST LAT SURFACE HEMISPHERE INF SURF TEMP LOBE
- Numerous basilar perforating arteries arise from the entire dorsal surface of the BA to supply the pons and midbrain. AICA courses ventromedially to CNs VII and VIII, frequently looping into the internal auditory meatus. SCA course laterally below CN III, then curve posterolaterally around the midbrain just below the tentorium.
- Intracranial venous system has Two components
- Intracranial venous system has Two components
- 1 Dural sinuses and venous plexuses are Endothelium lined channels contained between the outer(periosteal) and inner (meningeal)dural layers. 2 Contains arachnoids granulations(AG) also known as pacchionian granulations and contains CSF 3 AG are CSF containing projections that extends from SAS ito dural venous sinuses. 4 Multiple small channels extend through full thickness of the cap to sinus endothilium and drains CSF into venous circulation
- Large ,curvilinear sinus parallels the inner calvarial vault. Originates from ascending frontal veins anteriorly and runs in midline at the junction of falx cerebri with calvaria ,its diameter increases posteriorly,and associated with no of superficial cortical veins that drains into diploic space ,and large anastomosing vein of trolard Coronal section –appears triangular vascular channel contains between dural leaves of falx cerebri
- Smaller than sss.lies bottom of falx cerebri And abv corpus callosum and cingulate gyrus ,collecting small tributaries as it curves posteriorly along inferior free margin of falx The ISS terminates at the falcotentorial junction where it joins with great vein of galen to form straight sinus
- Straight sinus formed by ISS and great cerebral vein of galen. Runs posteroinferiorly from origin at falcotentorial apex. Recieves tributaries from falx cerebri and tentorium cerebelli. Terminates by joining superior sagittal and transverse sinuses to form venous sinus confluence(torcular herophili)
- TS Contained between attachment of tentorium cerebelli to inner table of skull. Curve laterally from trocular to posterior border of petrous temporal bone where they turn inferiorly and become sigmoid sinus
- Inferior continuations of the two transverse sinuses.(s shape curve)descending behing petrous temporal bone to terminate becoming internal jugular veins The jugular bulbs are focal venous dilation at the skull base between sigmoid sinuses and extracranial internal jugular veins(IJV)
- Irregularly shaped heavily trabeculated/compartmentalized venous sinuses lie along the side of sella turcica ,extending from superior orbital fissure anteriorly to clivus and petrous apex posteriorly. Formed by Lateral and a thin medial dural wall . CS contains- Two cavernous internal carotid arteries(ICA) And abducens( CN VI) CN III,IV,V1,V2 are actually within lateral dural wall and not inside CS proper. Major tributaries draining Ophthalmic vein Sphenoparietal sinuses
- The cs communicates with each other by intercavernous venous plexuses. Drain inferiorly through foramen ovale into pterygoid venous plexus Posteriorly into clival venous plexus as well as superior and inferior petrosal sinus Superior petrosal sinus-courses posterolaterally along top of petrous temporal bone extending from CS to sigmoid sinus. Inferior petrosal sinus –courses just abv petrooccipital fissure from inferior aspect of clival venous plexus to jugular bulb CVP It’s a network of connected venous channels extends along dorsum sellae superiorly to foramen magnum.it connects cavernous and petrosal sinuses with each other and with suboccipital veins around foramen magnum. Sphenoparietal sinus Courses around lesser sphenoid wing at rim of middle cranial fossa .receives superficial veins from anterior temporal lobe and drains into cavernous or inferior petrosal sinus.
- SUPERIOR 8 to 12 superficial veins course over upper surface of cerebral hemisphere following convexity sulci,cross subarachnoid space pierce arachnoid and inner dura before draining SSS. A dominant superior cortical vein the vein of trolard courses upward from sylvian fissure to join SSS The superior anastomotic vein of Trolard connects the superior sagittal sinus and the superficial middle cerebral vein (of Sylvius). MIDDLE Prominent is the superficial middle cerebral vein.begins over sylvian fissure and collects numerous small tributaries from temporal frontal,and parietal opercula that overhang the lat cerebral fissure INFERIOR Drain most of inferior frontal lobes and temporal poles The deep middle cerebral vein collect tributaries from insula ,basal ganglia,and parahippocampal gyrus then anastomoses with basal vein of rosenthal. it courses postrosupereiorly in the ambient cistern curving around mid brain to drain into v of G Posterior anastomosing vein i.e., vein of labbe courses inferolaterally over temporal lobe to drain into transverse sinus . The vein of Labbé, also known as inferior anastomotic vein, is part of the superficial venous system of the brain. The vein of Labbé is the largest channel that crosses the temporal lobe between the Sylvian fissure and the transverse sinus and connects the superficial middle cerebral vein and the transverse sinus.
- Vein of trollerd
- Vein of lobbe
- MEDULLARY Originate one or two cm below the cortex and course straight through the white matter towards the ventricle where they terminate in subpendymal veins . Subependymal veins Course under ventricular ependyma,collecting blood from basal ganglia and deep white matter(via medullary vein) Important subependymal veins are septal veins and thalamostrate veins. Septal veins –curve around frontal horn of 4th ventricle.courses posteriorly along septum pellucidi. Thalamostraite veins-receive tributaries from caudate nuclei and thalami curving medially to unite with septal vein near foramen of monroe to form two internal cerebral vein. DEEP PARAMEDIAN Are the Internal cerebral vein(ICV)and vein of galen (VofG). Paired ICVcourses posteriorly in cavum velum interpositum ,the thin invagination of subarachnoid space lies between 3rd ventricle and fornices.the ICV s terminate in the rostral quadrigeminal cistern by uniting with each other to form of VofG.the vein of galen curves posterosuperiorly under corpus callosum splenium uniting with iss to form straight sinus. The basal veins, also known as the veins of Rosenthal, are paired, paramedian veins which originate on the medial surface of the temporal lobe and run posteriorly and medially. It passes lateral to the midbrain through the ambient cistern to drain into thevein of Galen with the internal cerebral veins. It is closely related to the posterior cerebral artery (PCA).
- Superior galenic group Drain superiorly into vein of galen Major vein of this group Precentral cerebellar vein ,The superior vermian vein , Anterior pontomesencephalic vein PRECENTRAL CEREBELLAR Single midline vein lies between lingula and central lobule of vermis terminates behind inferior colliculi by draining into VofG.t superior vermian vein runs over top of vermis,joining PCv and draining into VofG Anterior pontomesencephalic vein Interconnected venous plexus covers the cerebral peduncles and extends over anterior surface of pons PETROSAL GROUP Large venous trunk lies in cerebellopontine angle cistern collecting numerous tributaries from cerebellum ,pons and medulla Posterior (tentorial group) Inferior vermian vein (the most prominent vein).,paired paramedian structure that curve under the vermis and drain inferior surface of cerebellum
- CAROTID ANGIO
- VERTEBRAT ANGIO
- MRV