1. Criteria for a sustainable HydroPower development in Tyrol
Development and Application for
a GIS based Hydropower Potential Determination
Project Final Meeting of SHARE - Sustainable Hydropower in Alpine River Ecosystems
24th of May 2012 in Aosta, Italy W. Widmann

2. Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol
Content
 Background
 Goals
 Development of Criteria
 Process of Development
 Example Criteria
 Application in a GIS based HP Potential Determination
 GIS Modell
 HP Potential Determination
 Results
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

3. Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol
Background
Changed boundary conditions for Hydropower development…
… 40 and more years ago
 monopoly of utilities in energy sector
 „Bevorzugter Wasserbau“ – priority rights for HPPs
 Environmental protection had small weight in concessions
 High value of energy sector interests
…today
 High sensitivity for protection of environment
 Liberalized energy sector
 High value of environment sector interests
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

4. Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol
Background
Need for additional production of electricity by HPPs
 increasing pressure
 Austria imports since 2001 more electricity than it exports
 Share of fossile electricity production is increasing
35.000
30.000
Wärmekraftwerke Plant
Termal Power
25.000 Export-Import-Bilanz
Export-Import Balance
Net Import Tangent
Nettoimporttangente
20.000
15.000
10.000
5.000
0
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
-5.000
-10.000
Source: e-control
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

5. Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol
Background
Need for additional production of electricity by HPPs
 increasing pressure
 Austria imports since 2001 more electricity than it exports
 Share of fossile electricity production is increasing
 Austria cannot achieve Kyoto protocol goals
 Energy Strategy Austria 2020 demands more HPPs
 Energy of Tyrol demands more HPPs
 Directive for Renewable Energy
 Roadmap Energy 2050
Tyrol…
…has 40 to 50% of Austria‘s remaining Hydropower Potential
…planned projects do not proceed as necessary
 criteria for sustainable HP-development are required
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

6. Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol
Goals of Catalogue of Criteria
CRITERIA ANSWER the questions …
1. WHERE to build HPPs
= strategic level (regional programs, framwork plans, etc):
Identification of (sectors of) water bodys suitable for HPP development
2. HOW to build HPPs
= operative level (assessment of projects):
 A balanced weighing of conflicting interests
 equitable consideration of all dimensions of a HPP
 objective assessment of projects
 Considering energy sector, water basin managment, limnology,
regional planning and environmental aspects
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

7. Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol
Goals
Criteria give NO ANSWER to questions:
 IF HPPs are required
 This would require comparison with other energy production options:
 CO2 balance,
 Energy balance
 Electricity Network considerations, ….
 HOW MANY HPPs are required
 Demand prognosis considering
 Energy saving
 Reduction on dependance on fossile and nuclear production
 Peakdemand ……
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

8. Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol
Process of development
Start: March 2009 with experts of the tyrolean
government as well as private experts
Publication of 1st Draft: Dec 2009
Written responses till 28 Feb 2010
Discussions with NGOs, utilities and
stakeholders: april to december 2010
Publication and enactment by decision of
Tyrolean Government of 15 Mar 2011
HP-Potential study using a GIS Model was
executed in parallel
Catalogue of Criteria and HP-Potential Study
Workshop on HP & river biological indicators

9. Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol
Characteristics of Criteria
 Requirements for all Criteria:
 Can be quantified and objective allocated
 Important and relevant
 General applicable
 Clear without ambuiguity and easy to explain
 Can be categorized with reasonable effort
 Allow differentiation for water bodies or projects
 Additional requirements for modelable Criteria:
 Availability of data for entire Tyrol
 Data are available in a GIS-Format or can be easily integrated
 Criteria and Data are mathematically modelable
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

10. Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol
Final Catalogue of Criteria (March 15th 2011)
Criteria Weight
Sector all modelable
No. No. % %
Energy 6 4 67% 25%
Water Resources Management 10 3 30% 18%
Regional Planning 10 3 30% 12%
Limnology 17 11 65% 22%
Environment 8 2 25% 23%
TOTAL 51 23 45% 100%
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

11. Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol
Criteria Energy Sector
modellable importance
Technoeconomical Aspects Yes ***
Efficiency of Energy Production Yes ***
Contribution to safety of supply Yes ***
Systemstability and Storage possibility Yes
Firm Energy Contribution No
Contribution to Climate Protection No ***
Grid Connection Yes *
Additional Effects / Synergies No **
Interaction with other HPPs
Synergies with existing components
Provision of regulating energy
Additional usage for Pumpstorage
Contribution to local Energypograms
Energy contribution to Transportation sector
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

12. Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol
Example Criterion: Technical and Economical Aspects
 Evaluates the economical feasibility of the Hydropower Potential of a project
or a river section
 eTW = Total Cost / Annual Production in € / (kWH/a)
 Ja ….Modellable
 *** …. high significance
 Between 0 and 5 points depending on value of eTW
Workshop on HP & river biological indicators

13. Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol
Example Criterion: Natural Balance
 It evaluates the natural balance of the ecosystem
 Are the natural conditions effected
 How is the potential to rehabilitate the natural balance
 It is not modellable
 Quantification is done by evaluating the grade of impairment of natural
conditions
Workshop on HP & river biological indicators

14. Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol
Faculty Assessment: Energy Sector
 Each Criterion has points from it‘s evaluation
 Each criterion has – according to it‘s importance- a weight
 Climate-Protection-Bonus is added
 Overall assessment for Energy-Economics is the result
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

15. Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol
Faculty Economics: Limnology
no sensitive criterion effected 5
1 sensitive criteria effected 4
1 very sensitive criterion effected (medium and low value) 3,5
1 very sensitive criterion effected (high value) 3
2 very sensitive criteria effected (low part value) 2,5
2 very sensitive criteria effected (medium value) 2
2 very sensitive criteria effected(high value) 1,5
>=3 very sensitive criteria effected (low value) 1
>=3 very sensitive criteria effected (medium value) 0,5
>=3 very sensitive criteria effected (minimum 2 of high
0
value or very good ecologic condition)
 The most sensitive criteria decide evaluation result
 Add Climate Protection Bonus
 Overall Assessment of Limnology is the result
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

16. Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol
Overall Assessment
Energy
Energy
Environment Water Recoures
Management
Limnology Regional Planning
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

17. Determination of Hydro Potential
Goals
Assessment of not yet exploited Hydro Potential in Tyrol
 Theoretical Natural Hydro potential („ALP“)
= the Hydro Potential available in the nature
 Technoeconomical Potential („TWP“)
= the feasible exploitable Hydro Potential considering todays
technologies and economical conditions
 Integrativ Reasonable Potential („ISP“)
= the feasible exploitable Hydro Potential considering
technologies, economical and ecological conditions
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

18. Determination of Hydro Potential
Basic Data
 Charakteristics of Area
 Area Tyrol ~ 12.650 km²
 Length of water bodies ~ 7.600 km
 Existing Hydropower Plants
 790 active HP-plants
 22 large HP plants > 10 MW
 Annual Production ~ 5.800 GWh/a
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

19. Determination of Hydro Potential
GIS Modell – Input Data
 Hydrological Atlas Österreich (HAÖ)
 Water Bodies
Catchement areas > 10 km²
 4.200 km of 7.600 km
 Topography
Laserscan plus „Digitales Höhen Modell (DHM) des
Bundesamts für Eich- und Vermessungswesen“
 Existing Plants (> 1MW)
 Intake and Outlet of HPPs - Shape Files TIRIS
 Digital „Wasserbuch“
 Hydropowerkataster
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

20. Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol
GIS Modell – Definition of Nodes
Change of
water body
Downstream of
slope
Confluences
Intakes and
Outlets
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

21. Criteria for a sustainable HP development in Tyrol
GIS Modell – Annual Runoff – aus HAÖ
 Allocation of Runoff to each node
 Calculation of
– Design Flow for HPP
– Useable Runoff
 60% of total runoff for diversion plants
 80% of total runoff for river power plants
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

22. Determination of Hydro Potential
Theoretical HydroPotential - Definition
 Theoretical Natural Hydropotential
 based on discharge and topography
 ALP = ΣALPGs(f (QGs, ΔHGs)
 QGs ... Discharge in a water body between 2 nodes
 ΔHGs … Elevation difference between 2 nodes
 Not considered:
 Efficiencies,
 Friction losses,
 Residual flows
 Results available for:
 Each section of a water body
 For complete water bodys, catchement areas and regions
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

23. Determination of Hydro Potential
Technoeconomical Feasible Potential - Definition
 Digital determination of all possible HPPs
 Selection of technoeconomical feasible HPPs
 Restrictions in size
 Restriction in regard to costs
 Restrictions due to existing HPPs
 Filtering double usage of waterbodies
 Filter criteria:
 economics
 size
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

24. Determination of Hydro Potential
Theoretical HydroPotential
214 possibilities
with a radius of
25 km
630.000 possible HPPs in Tyrol
 selection required:
• no existing HPP > 1MW touched
• Capacity > 2 MW
• specific costs < 2,2 €/kWh
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

25. Determination of Hydro Potential
Determination of Specific Costs
Known for each HPP possibility:
 Q ... discharge
 H … height difference between intake and outlet
 L … distance between intake and outlet
 HPP costs = function (Q,H,L)
 annual production = function (Q,H)
considering efficiency, friction losses and residual flows.
 Specific Costs:
HPP costs / annual production
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

26. Determination of Hydro Potential
Technoeconomical Hydropotential: results per waterbody
Workshop on HP & river biological indicators

27. Determination of Hydro Potential
Determination of „Integrative Reasonable Potential“
 Assessment of all water bodies in Tyrol with modelable criteria
Criteria Weight
Sector all modelable
No. No. % %
Energy 6 4 67% 25%
Water Resources Management 10 3 30% 18%
Regional Planning 10 3 30% 12%
Limnology 17 11 65% 22%
Environment 8 2 25% 23%
TOTAL 51 23 45% 100%
 Selection of better 50% of water bodies:
 „Integrative Reasonable Potential“ - ISP
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

28. Determination of Hydro Potential
Assessment of Criteria - „Natural value of water body“
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

29. Determination of Hydro Potential
Assessment of Criteria - „Minimum Flow > 50 l/s“
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

30. Determination of Hydro Potential
Overall Result – combination of all modelable criteria
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

31. Determination of Hydro Potential
Regional HydroPotential
Region ALP TWP ISP
GWh km GWh km GWh km
Ausschlussgebiete 2.261 479 1.208 239 - -
Blaue Regionen 11.850 1.409 5.004 572 2.691 284
Grüne Regionen 5.813 1.460 1.302 388 788 183
Graue Regionen 2.261 948 759 265 54 26
SUMME (ohne Ausschlussgebiete) 19.924 3.817 7.065 1.225 3.534 493
Vorläufige Auswertung: Stand März 2011
SHARE – Project Final Meeting

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